• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.601-621
• /
• 2014

Repairing and strengthening structural members by bonding composite materials have received a considerable attention in recent years. The major problem when using bonded FRP or steel plates to strengthen existing structures is the high interfacial stresses that may be built up near the plate ends which lead to premature failure of the structure. As a result, many researchers have developed several analytical methods to predict the interface performance of bonded repairs under various types of loading. In this paper, a numerical solution using finite - difference method (FDM) is used to calculate the interfacial stress distribution in beams strengthened with FRP plate having a tapered ends under thermal loading. Different thinning profiles are investigated since the later can significantly reduce the stress concentration. In the present theoretical analysis, the adherend shear deformations are taken into account by assuming a parabolic shear stress through the thickness of both beam and bonded plate. The shear correction factor for I-section beams is also included in the solution. Numerical results from the present analysis are presented to demonstrate the advantages of use the tapers in design of strengthened beams.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.450-459
• /
• 2010

The present paper investigates the collapse pressure of cylinders with intermediate thickness subjected to external pressure based on detailed elastic-plastic finite element (FE) analyses. The effect of the initial ovality of the tube on the collapse pressure was explicitly considered in the FE analyses. Based on the present FE results, the analytical yield locus, considering the interaction between the plastic collapse and local instability due to initial ovality, was also proposed. The collapse pressure values based on the proposed yield locus agree well with the present FE results; thus, the validity of the proposed yield locus for the thickness range of interest was verified. Moreover, the partial safety factor concept based on the structural reliability theory was also applied to the proposed collapse pressure estimation model, and, thus, the priority of importance of respective parameter constituting for the collapse of cylinders under external pressure was estimated in this study. From the application of the partial safety factor concept, the yield strength was concluded to be the most sensitive, and the initial ovality of tube was not so effective in the proposed collapse pressure estimation model. The present deterministic and probabilistic results are expected to be utilized in the design and maintenance of cylinders subjected to external pressure with initial ovality, such as the once-through type steam generator.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.409-420
• /
• 2017

This paper theoretically studies the cyclic behavior of hybrid connections between steel coupling beams and concrete shear walls with embedded steel columns. Finite element models of connections with long and short embedded steel columns are built in ABAQUS and validated against the test results in the companion paper. Parametric studies are carried out using the validated FE model to determine the key influencing factors on the load-bearing capacity of connections. A close-form solution of the load-bearing capacity of connections is proposed by considering the contributions from the compressive strength of concrete at the interface between the embedded beam and concrete, shear yielding of column web in the tensile region, and shear capacity of column web and concrete in joint zone. The results show that the bond slip between embedded steel members and concrete should be considered which can be simulated by defining contact boundary conditions. It is found that the loadbearing capacity of connections strongly depends on the section height, flange width and web thickness of the embedded column. The accuracy of the proposed calculation method is validated against test results and also verified against FE results (with differences within 10%). It is recommended that embedded steel columns should be placed along the entire height of shear walls to facilitate construction and enhance the ductility. The thickness and section height of embedded columns should be increased to enhance the load-bearing capacity of connections. The stirrups in the joint zone should be strengthened and embedded columns with very small section height should be avoided.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
• /
• 제37권10호
• /
• pp.41-54
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 침투조절을 위하여 댐이나 보와 같은 수리구조물의 기초지반에 설치되는 차수벽체 형태에 따른 포화 침투거동의 확률론적 거동을 연구하였다. 이를 위해 투수계수의 불확실성과 공간적 변동성을 고려한 정상상태 흐름의 유한요소해석에 기반을 둔 Monte Carlo 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. Monte Carlo 시뮬레이션의 결과로부터 평가된 지반의 침투거동에 대한 확률분포로부터 수위 변동에 따른 파괴확률을 구함으로써 취약도 곡선을 작성하였다. 취약도 곡선은 침투로 인한 수리구조물과 기초지반의 안정성을 검토하기 위하여 기초지반을 통한 침투유량, 구조물에 작용하는 양압력, 하류 유출면에서의 유출동수경사에 대하여 작성하였다. 생성된 취약도 곡선들로부터 차수벽체 설치 형태가 수위 상승 시 수리구조물과 기초지반의 안정에 대한 신뢰성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
• /
• 제20권12호
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2021

Complicated residual stress distributions occur in the vicinity of a deposited region via directed energy deposition (DED) process owing to the rapid heating and cooling cycle of the deposited region and the substrate. The residual stress can cause defects and premature failure in the vicinity of the deposited region. Several heat treatment technologies have been extensively researched and applied on the part deposited by the DED process to relieve the residual stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the residual stress characteristics of a specimen fabricated by DED and a quenching process using thermomechanical analyses. A coupled thermomechanical analysis technique was adopted to predict the residual stress distribution in the vicinity of the deposited region subsequent to the quenching step. The results of the finite element (FE) analyses for the deposition and the cooling measures show that the residual stress in the vicinity of the deposited region significantly increases after the completion of the elastic recovery. The results of the FE analyses for the heating and quenching stages further indicate that the residual stress in the vicinity of the deposited region remarkably increases at the initial stage of quenching. In addition, it is observed that the residual stress for quenching is lesser than that after the elastic recovery, irrespective of the deposited material.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.181-190
• /
• 2019

Light-frame wood structures have the ability to carry gravity loads. However, their performance during severe wind storms has indicated weakness with respect to resisting uplift wind loads exerted on the roofs of residential houses. A common failure mode observed during almost all main hurricane events initiates at the roof-to-wall connections (RTWCs). The toe-nail connections typically used at these locations are weak with regard to resisting uplift loading. This issue has been investigated at the Insurance Research Lab for Better Homes, where full-scale testing was conducted of a house under appropriate simulated uplift wind loads. This paper describes the detailed and sophisticated numerical simulation performed for this full-scale test, following which the numerical predictions were compared with the experimental results. In the numerical model, the nonlinear behavior is concentrated at the RTWCs, which is simulated with the use of a multi-linear plastic element. The analysis was conducted on four sets of uplift loads applied during the physical testing: 30 m/sincreased by 5 m/sincrements to 45 m/s. At this level of uplift loading, the connections exhibited inelastic behavior. A comparison with the experimental results revealed the ability of the sophisticated numerical model to predict the nonlinear response of the roof under wind uplift loads that vary both in time and space. A further component of the study was an evaluation of the load sharing among the trusses under realistic, uniform, and code pressures. Both the numerical model and the tributary area method were used for the load-sharing calculations.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2019

본 논문은 기존 RC 보강방법인 철골프레임 적용방법의 단점을 보완하고자, 접합철물을 최소화하고 팽창형 모르타르를 사용하여 H형강 프레임을 기존 RC 골조에 보강하고자 하였다. 철골프레임 적용 유.무를 변수로 RC 골조에 대한 반복가력실험을 실시하여 내진성능을 평가하였다. 철골프레임을 적용한 RC 골조의 최대내력이 기존 RC 골조에 비해 약 1.4배 향상되었으며, 등가점성감쇠비 평가결과 또한 평균 2.4% 향상되어 에너지 소산능력이 개선되었다. 유한요소해석결과 해당 실험결과가 신뢰성을 가질 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.207-222
• /
• 2019

This paper has presented an effective and accurate meso-scale finite element model for simulating the fracture process of concrete under compression-shear loading. In the proposed model, concrete is parted into four important phases: aggregates, cement matrix, interfacial transition zone (ITZ), and the initial defects. Aggregate particles were modelled as randomly distributed polygons with a varying size according to the sieve curve developed by Fuller and Thompson. With regard to initial defects, only voids are considered. Cohesive elements with zero thickness are inserted into the initial mesh of cement matrix and along the interface between aggregate and cement matrix to simulate the cracking process of concrete. The constitutive model provided by ABAQUS is modified based on Wang's experiment and used to describe the failure behaviour of cohesive elements. User defined programs for aggregate delivery, cohesive element insertion and modified facture constitutive model are developed based on Python language, and embedded into the commercial FEM package ABAQUS. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model are firstly identified by comparing the numerical results with the experimental ones, and then it is used to investigate the effect of meso-structure on the macro behavior of concrete. The shear strength of concrete under different pressures is also involved in this study, which could provide a reference for the macroscopic simulation of concrete component under shear force.

• 한국추진공학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2019

연소가스에 의한 내압 조건에서 필라멘트 와인딩 공법으로 제작되는 복합재 연소관은 돔에서 구조적으로 취약해진다. 본 논문에서는 압력분포비(PDR) 변화에 따른 복합재 돔의 파열압력을 비교하기 위해 유한 요소 해석을 수행하였다. 돔 내/외면 응력, 금속 보스 체적을 산출함으로써, 정량적으로 복합재 연소관의 성능을 비교하였다. 그 결과, PDR 2.5-3.0에서 파손 모드의 임계점이 존재함을 확인하였다. PDR 2.5-3.5 설계는 연소관 파열압력의 변동 없이 금속 보스 무게 감량이 가능하며, 돔 형상 및 오프닝 크기에 대해 설계 기준값이 변경되므로 해석 및 시험을 통한 규명이 필요하다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.99-112
• /
• 2019

Semi-rigid joints have been widely studied in literature in recent decades because they affect greatly the structural response of frames. In literature, the behavior of semi-rigid joints is commonly assumed to be identical under positive and negative moments which are obviously incorrect in many cases where joint details such as bolt arrangement or placement of haunch are vertically asymmetrical. This paper evaluates two common types of steel frames with asymmetrical beam-to-column joints by Direct Analysis allowing for plasticity. A refined design method of steel frames using a proposed simple forth order curved-quartic element with an integrated joint model allowing for asymmetrical geometric joint properties is presented. Furthermore, the ultimate behavior of six types of asymmetrical end-plate connections under positive and negative moment is examined by the Finite Element Method (FEM). The FEM results are further applied to the proposed design method with the curved-quartic element for Direct Analysis of two types of steel frames under dominant gravity or wind load. The ultimate frame behavior under the two different scenarios are examined with respect to their failure modes and considerably different structural performances of the frames were observed when compared with the identical frames designed with the traditional method where symmetrical joints characteristics were assumed. The finding of this research contributes to the design of steel frames as their asymmetrical beam-to-column joints lead to different frame behavior when under positive and negative moment and this aspect should be incorporated in the design and analysis of steel frames. This consideration of asymmetrical joint behavior is recommended to be highlighted in future design codes.