• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.364-367
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• 2009

Retroperitoneal pulmonary sequestration is an extremely rare congenital malformation. It is more frequently diagnosed in the antenatal period due to routine ultrasonic examinations that are conducted for a fetus or during the first 6 months of life, although retroperitoneal pulmonary sequestration is incidentally discovered in adults on rare occasions. Because the location and radiological findings of retroperitoneal pulmonary sequestration are very similar to those of another retroperitoneal masses, retroperitoneal pulmonary sequestration, although they are very rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of a retroperitoneal suprarenal mass. Although fine needle aspiration may be considered as an aid for making the preoperative diagnosis, surgery remains the treatment of choice for symptomatic lesions and this surgery is associated with excellent results and a good prognosis.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 1996

The parathyroid adenoma is the most common cause of the primary hyperparathyroidism. The characteristic of primary hyperparathyroidism is hypercalcemia and high value of serum parathyroid hormone. The primary hyperparathyroidism with parathyroid adenoma is treated by excision of parathyroid gland involved. Especially, parathyroid storm in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism is more prevalent than commonly appreciated. The symptoms and signs of the syndrome are not only due to the hypercalcemia, but also to the toxic effects of the parathyroid hormone. Its wide, but nonspecific clinical presentations make it easily confused with other cardiovascular or renal diseases. The mortality rate in untreated cases of parathyroid storm is essentially 40%. A 33 year old woman with primary hyperparathyroidism was found to have a left lower parathyroid adenoma, presented with hypercalcemic crisis. Initially, good responsiveness to a saline infusion, furosemide administration was noted. Unfortunately, she became consciousness disturbance after fine-needle aspiration of the parathyroid tumor. The recurrent storm was refractory to medical therapy, but was treated succesfully by emergent surgical removal tumor revealed a parathyroid adenoma with parathyroid hormone. Hypercalcemia was alleviated postoperatively. These observations corroborated a functioning parathyroid adenoma.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.389-398
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• 2007

Case-based reasoning (CBR) is one of the most popular prediction techniques for medical diagnosis because it is easy to apply, has no possibility of overfitting, and provides a good explanation for the output. However, it has a critical limitation - its prediction performance is generally lower than other artificial intelligence techniques like artificial neural networks (ANNs). In order to obtain accurate results from CBR, effective retrieval and matching of useful prior cases for the problem is essential, but it is still a controversial issue to design a good matching and retrieval mechanism for CBR systems. In this study, we propose a novel approach to enhance the prediction performance of CBR. Our suggestion is the simultaneous optimization of feature weights, instance selection, and the number of neighbors that combine using genetic algorithms (GAs). Our model improves the prediction performance in three ways - (1) measuring similarity between cases more accurately by considering relative importance of each feature, (2) eliminating redundant or erroneous reference cases, and (3) combining several similar cases represent significant patterns. To validate the usefulness of our model, this study applied it to a real-world case for evaluating cytological features derived directly from a digital scan of breast fine needle aspirate (FNA) slides. Experimental results showed that the prediction accuracy of conventional CBR may be improved significantly by using our model. We also found that our proposed model outperformed all the other optimized models for CBR using GA.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.481-486
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• 2010

ENIG (electroless Ni immersion gold) is one of surface finishing which has been most widely used in fine pitch SMT (surface mount technology) and BGA (ball grid array) packaging process. The reliability for package bondability is mainly affected by interfacial reaction between solder and surface finishing. Since the behavior of IMC (intermetallic compound), or the interfacial reaction between Ni and solder, affects to some product reliabilities such as solderability and bondability, understanding behavior of IMC should be important issue. Thus, we studied the properties of ENIG with P contents (9 wt% and 13 wt%), where the P contents is one of main factors in formation of IMC layer. The effect of P content was discussed using the results obtained from FE-SEM(field-emission scanning electron microscope), EPMA(electron probe micro analyzer), EDS(energy dispersive spectroscopy) and Dual-FIB(focused ion beam). Especially, we observed needle type irregular IMC layer with decreasing Ni contents under high P contents (13 wt%). Also, we found how IMC layer affects to bondability with forming continuous Kirkendall voids and thick P-rich layer.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.361-364
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• 2009

Purpose: Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor derived from the adnexal epithelium of sebaceous glands. This tumor usually occurs on the eyelids, but uncommonly it may occur on the extraocular sites. It is characterized by a tendency of local recurrence and occasional metastasis. Surgical excision is appropriate treatment for patients with sebaceous carcinoma. Because this kind of case is rare, we report two cases of sebaceous carcinoma developed on scalp. Methods: Case 1 was a 69 - year - old woman. She visited the hospital with a $1.5{\times}2.5cm$ sized reddish yellow - colored, slowly growing mass on left parietal scalp. The mass began at birth and started growing at 5 years ago. Case 2 was a 67 - year - old woman. She had $2.5{\times}3.0cm$ sized yellow - colored mass on right parietal scalp. It occured at birth and started growing at 3 years ago. And the masses had erythematous ulcer with sanguineous discharge. In the beginning, the masses were miliary nodule. Results: CT scan and fine needle biopsy were done. Case 1 and 2 were diagnosed as sebaceous carcinoma. Wide excision with safety margin of 10 mm and split thickness skin graft was done. Histological examination revealed well demarcated, irregular, variable sized tumor lobules. Each lobule was composed of sebaceous and undifferentiated cells. Postoperatively, the patients did well and the lesion had not recurred. Conclusion: Sebaceous carcinoma is an aggressive malignant tumor. It often can be mistaken for other skin tumors. Authors experienced two rare cases of sebaceous carcinoma developed on scalp. We recommend early wide excision with enough safety margin as treatment of sebaceous carcinoma.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2015

A fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the primary means of distinguishing benign from malignant in thyroid nodules. However, between 10 and 30% of the FNABs of thyroid nodules are diagnosed as 'indeterminate'. A molecular method is needed to reduce unnecessary surgery in this group. In Korea, most thyroid cancer is classic papillary type and BRAFV600E mutation is highly prevalent. Thus, this study compared the pyrosequencing method with the conventional direct DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis and investigated the evaluation of preoperative BRAFV600E mutation analysis as an adjunct diagnostic method with routine FNABs. Sixty-five (78.3%) of 83 histopathologically diagnosed malignant nodule revealed positive BRAFV600E mutation on pyrosequencing analysis. In detail, 65 (83.8%) of 78 papillary thyroid carcinomas sample showed positive BRAFV600E mutation. None of 29 benign nodules had in pyrodequencing, direct DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP. Out of 31 thyroid nodules classified as 'indeterminate' on cytological examination preoperatively, 28 cases turned out to be malignant: 24 papillary thyroid carcinomas. Among that, 16 (66.7%) classic papillary thyroid carcinomas had BRAFV600E mutation. Among 65 papillary thyroid carcinomas with positive BRAFV600E mutation detected by pyrosequencing analysis, each 3 cases and 5 cases did not show BRAFV600E mutation by direct DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis. Therefore, pyrosequencing was superior to direct DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP in detecting the BRAFV600E mutation of thyroid nodules (p =0.027). Detecting BRAFV600E mutation by pyrosequencing was more sensitivity, faster than direct DNA sequencing or PCR-RFLP.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.49-52
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• 2018

Purpose: Tularemia is an infection caused by Francisella tularensis. Its diagnosis and treatment may be difficult in many cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment modalities for pediatric tularemia patients who do not respond to medical treatment. Methods: A single-center, retrospective study was performed. A total of 19 children with oropharyngeal tularemia were included. Results: Before diagnosis, the duration of symptoms in patients was $32.15{\pm}17.8days$. The most common lymph node localization was the cervical chain. All patients received medical treatment (e.g., streptomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline). Patients who had been given streptomycin, gentamicin, or doxycycline as initial therapy for 10-14 days showed no response to treatment, and recovery was only achieved after administration of oral ciprofloxacin. Response to treatment was delayed in 5 patients who had been given ciprofloxacin as initial therapy. Surgical incision and drainage were performed in 9 patients (47.5%) who were unresponsive to medical treatment and were experiencing abcess formation and suppuration. Five patients (26.3%) underwent total mass excision, and 2 patients (10.5%) underwent fine-needle aspiration to reach a conclusive differential diagnosis and inform treatment. Conclusion: The causes of treatment failure in tularemia include delay in effective treatment and the development of suppurating lymph nodes.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.152-155
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• 2013

Orbital metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma is very rare, with only 14 biopsy-proven cases from hepa tocellular carcinoma cases reported in English literature and three cases reported in Korea. Common symptoms of orbital metastasis are proptosis, visual loss, ocular pain and oculomotor dysfunction. For its precise diagnosis, we can perform fine needle aspiration biopsy, orbit CT or MRI, and ultrasonography. Radiotherapy is the mainstay in the treatment of orbital metastasis. In addition, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgical intervention can play a role in the treatment of orbital metastasis according to the primary cancer and symptoms. However, the prognosis of orbital metastasis is poor. We report herein a rare case of a patient with orbital metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma, which was treated with various modalities that included resection, and who had good clinical and radiological responses to radiation therapy and sorafenib (Nexavar, Bayer HealthCare).

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.132-140
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• 1988

These experiments were carried out to examine the development capacity of mouse blastomers separated from 2 to 8-cell stage mouse embryos. The female ICR and C3H mice were subjected to supervolution by intraperitoneal injection of PMSG and HCG and then mated with males of the same strain. Embryos were flushed from oviducts and uteri on a proper time after injection of HCG. After removal of zona pellucida with 0.5% pronase, each embryos were separated into 1/2, 1/4, 2/4, 1/8, 2/8 and 4/8 embryos by pipetting or a fine glass needle in Ca2＋$.$Mg-2＋ free Hoppe& Pitts medium containing 0.02% EDTA. Splitted embryos were cultured in Hoppe & Pitts medium for 48h to 72h. The embryos developed to blastocyst were transferred to recipients on 2 or 3 days of pseudopregnancy. On the other hand, a monozygotic pairs of 1/2 embryos developed to blastocyst after 48h in vitro culture were transferred to recipients on 2 days of pseudopregnancy or pregnancy. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Success rates of separation of blastomeres from 2-, 4- and 8-cell embryos were 91.7%, 68.5-92.4% and 60.8-90.6%, respectively. 2. Development rates of various type of blastomeres to blastocyst after 72h in vitro culture were ranged 64.7-87.1%. 3. Blastocysts obtained after 48h in vitro culture were transferred to recipients on 2 or 3 days of pseudopregnancy. The production rates of live fetuses after transfer on 2 days, only 1/2, 2/4 and 4/8 embryos, were 13.2%, 13.5% and 17.2%, respectively and those of embryos transferred on 3 days were 11.8%, 9.6% and 11.5%, respectively. However, the production rates of live fetuses 1/2 embryos following 72h in vitro culture and transfer to recipients on 2 or 3 days of pseudopregnancy were 7.7% and 12.5%, respectively. 4. From 29 and 31 pairs of 1/2 embryos transferred to recipients on 2 days of pseudopregnancy or pregnancy, 4 sets of monozygotic twins were produced from only pregnant recipients.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 1993

Purine has been identified in the preparation of follicular fluid and shown an activity in maintaining oocyte meiotic arrest. Therefore this study was performed to examine the inhibitory effect of purine on germinal vesicle break down(GVBD) in the presence and absence of human fetal cord serum(HFCS) or human mature follicular fluid(HMFF), as a protein source, in vitro culture. Immature oocytes(GV stage) were collected from ovaries of 21∼28 days old ICR mice by puncturing the antral follicles with a fine needle, at 48 hrs after PMSG injection. Some of the oocytes were denuded by drawing the cumulus-enclosed(complex) oocytes in and out of a pasteur pipet. Complex oocytes and denuded oocytes were cultured 3 hrs. in T6 media containing 0.75mM adenosine or/and 4mM hypoxanthine, with HFCS or HMFF. Their GVBD rates were observed at every 1 hr. during the culture time. Both adenosine and hypoxanthine have shown a time-dependent inhibitory effect on GVBD in complex and denuded oocytes and the inhibitory effect was maximized in culture medium containing hypoxanthine and adenosine. HFCS and HMFF increased the GVBD rates in the presence of the purines, thus HFCS and HMFF may contain a factor that could reverse the inhibitory effect of purines. Also complex oocytes were more sensitive to not only the inhibitory effect of purines but the promoting action of HMFF on GVBD than denuded oocytes. Therefore it was reconfirmed that granulosa cells play an important part in meiotic arrest and resumption.