• 한국음향학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2019

수중 이동 음원의 방사 소음을 측정하는 경우 음원과 수신기 사이의 거리 정보가 중요한 평가 요소이며, 수신기 위치, 음원의 수심 및 속도 등과 같이 측정 규격이 정해져 있다. 이동하는 수중 음원의 거리를 찾는 방법으로써 상호 상관도를 사용하는 방법이 있지만 이 방법은 송신기와 수신기 사이의 시간 동기화 과정을 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 이론적으로 계산된 다중 경로 신호 사이의 도달 주파수 차와 수신 신호에서 추정된 다중 경로 신호의 도달 주파수 차를 비교하여 거리를 추정하는 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 방법과는 다르게 제안한 방법은 시간 동기화 과정이 필요하지 않다. 성능 검증을 위해 모의실험을 수행하였으며, 거리 오차가 기존의 방법에 비해 약 95 % 감소하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2019

Wireless sensor networks are used to monitor and control areas in a variety of military and civilian areas such as battlefield surveillance, intrusion detection, disaster recovery, biological detection, and environmental monitoring. Since the sensor nodes are randomly placed in the area of interest, separation of the sensor network area may occur due to environmental obstacles or a sensor may not exist in some areas. Also, in the situation where the sensor node is placed in a non-relocatable place, some node may exhaust energy or physical hole of the sensor node may cause coverage hole. Coverage holes can affect the performance of the entire sensor network, such as reducing data reliability, changing network topologies, disconnecting data links, and degrading transmission load. It is possible to solve the problem that occurs in the coverage hole by finding a coverage hole in the sensor network and further arranging a new sensor node in the detected coverage hole. The existing coverage hole detection technique is based on the location of the sensor node, but it is inefficient to mount the GPS on the sensor node having limited resources, and performing other location information processing causes a lot of message transmission overhead. In this paper, we propose an Adjacent Matrix-based Hole Coverage Discovery(AMHCD) scheme based on connectivity of neighboring nodes. The method searches for whether the connectivity of the neighboring nodes constitutes a closed shape based on the adjacent matrix, and determines whether the node is an internal node or a boundary node. Therefore, the message overhead for the location information strokes does not occur and can be applied irrespective of the position information error.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2020

With the recent introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the use of data is rapidly increasing, and newly generated data is also rapidly increasing. In order to obtain the results to be analyzed based on these data, the first thing to do is to classify the data well. However, when classifying data, if only one classification technique belonging to the machine learning technique is applied to classify and analyze it, an error of overfitting can be accompanied. In order to reduce or minimize the problems caused by misclassification of the classification system such as overfitting, it is necessary to derive an optimal classification by comparing the results of each classification by applying several classification techniques. If you try to interpret the data with only one classification technique, you will have poor reasoning and poor predictions of results. This study seeks to find a method for optimally classifying data by looking at data from various perspectives and applying various classification techniques such as LDA and QDA, such as linear or nonlinear classification, as a process before data analysis in data analysis. In order to obtain the reliability and sophistication of statistics as a result of big data analysis, it is necessary to analyze the meaning of each variable and the correlation between the variables. If the data is classified differently from the hypothesis test from the beginning, even if the analysis is performed well, unreliable results will be obtained. In other words, prior to big data analysis, it is necessary to ensure that data is well classified to suit the purpose of analysis. This is a process that must be performed before reaching the result by analyzing the data, and it may be a method of optimal data classification.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2001

GF(q)상의 원시다항식은 스크램블러, 에러정정 부호 및 복호기, 난수 발생기 그리고 스트림 암호기 등 여러 분야에 걸쳐 많이 사용되고 있다. GF(q)상의 원시다항식을 생성하는 효율적인 알고리즘이 A.D. Porto에 의하여 제안되었으며, 그 알고리즘은 한 원시다항식을 이용하여 다른 원시다항식을 구하는 방법을 반복 사용하여 원시다항식 수열을 생성하는 방법이다. 이 논문에서는 A.D. Porto가 제안한 알고리즘을 개선한 알고리즘을 제안하였다. A.D. Porto의 알고리즘의 running time은 O($\textrm{km}^2$)이고, 개선된 알고리즘 running time은 O(w(m+k))이다. 여기서 k는 gcd(k,$q^m$-1)이 다. m차 원시다항식을 구하고자 할 때 k, m>>1 조건에서는 개선된 알고리즘을 사용하는 것이 효율적이다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2020

Purpose: Using two types of electronic apex locators, this study aimed to investigate the differences in accuracy according to the evaluator and equipment. Materials and Methods: Artificial teeth of the lower first premolars and two mandibular acrylic models (A and B) were used in this study. In the artificial teeth, the pulp chamber was opened and the access cavity was prepared. Using calibrated digital Vernier calipers, the distance from the top of the cavity and the root apex was measured to assess the actual distance between two artificial teeth. The evaluation was conducted by 20 dentists, and each evaluator repeated measurements for each electronic apex locator five times. The difference between the actual distance from the top of the cavity to the root apex and the distance measured using electronic measuring equipment was compared. For statistical analysis, the Friedman test the Mann-Whitney U-test were conducted and the differences between groups were analyzed (α=0.05). Result: As for the accuracy of measurement according to the two types of electronic apex locators, the value of the measurement error was 0.4753 mm in Dentaport ZX and 0.3321 mm in E-Cube Plus. Moreover, electronic apex locators Dentaport ZX and E-Cube Plus showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). As for the difference in the accuracy of the two types of electronic apex locators according to the evaluator, the resulting values differed depending on the evaluator and showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Conclusion: Electronic apex locator E-Cube Plus showed higher accuracy than did Dentaport ZX. Nevertheless, both types of electronic apex locators showed 100% accuracy in finding the region within root apex ±0.5 mm zone. Furthermore, according to the evaluator, the two electronic apex locators showed different resulting values.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.469-476
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• 2022

본 연구는 조위 관측자료를 이용하여 부산항에서의 장기 조위 자료를 생성하는 Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)으로 구현된 순환신경망 모델을 개발하였다. 국립해양조사원의 부산 신항과 통영에서 관측된 조위 자료를 모델 입력 자료로 사용하여 부산항의 조위를 예측하였다. 모델에 대하여 2019년 1월 한 달의 학습을 수행하였으며, 이후 2019년 2월에서 2020년 1월까지 1년에 대하여 정확도를 계산하였다. 구축된 모델은 부산 신항과 통영의 조위 시계열을 함께 입력한 경우에 상관계수 0.997 및 평균 제곱근 오차 2.69 m로 가장 성능이 높았다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 딥러닝 순환신경망 모델을 이용하여 임의 항만의 장기 조위 자료 예측이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.17-36
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• 2021

Purpose - This study provides useful information to stakeholders by forecasting the tramp shipping market, which is a completely competitive market and has a huge fluctuation in freight rates due to low barriers to entry. Moreover, this study provides the most effective parameters for Baltic Dry Index (BDI) prediction and an optimal model by analyzing and comparing deep learning models such as the artificial neural network (ANN), recurrent neural network (RNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM). Design/methodology - This study uses various data models based on big data. The deep learning models considered are specialized for time series models. This study includes three perspectives to verify useful models in time series data by comparing prediction accuracy according to the selection of external variables and comparison between models. Findings - The BDI research reflecting the latest trends since 2015, using weekly data from 1995 to 2019 (25 years), is employed in this study. Additionally, we tried finding the best combination of BDI forecasts through the input of external factors such as supply, demand, raw materials, and economic aspects. Moreover, the combination of various unpredictable external variables and the fundamentals of supply and demand have sought to increase BDI prediction accuracy. Originality/value - Unlike previous studies, BDI forecasts reflect the latest stabilizing trends since 2015. Additionally, we look at the variation of the model's predictive accuracy according to the input of statistically validated variables. Moreover, we want to find the optimal model that minimizes the error value according to the parameter adjustment in the ANN model. Thus, this study helps future shipping stakeholders make decisions through BDI forecasts.

• 한국소프트웨어감정평가학회 논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 RGB 영상에서 홍채 검출 방법에 관하여 기술하였다. 기존의 홍채 검출 방법은 대부분 적외선 영상을 대상으로 하고 있어, 다양한 응용을 위해서는 RGB 영상의 홍채 검출 기술이 요구된다. 제안된 홍채 검출 방법은 i) 입력 영상에서 원형 허프 변환을 사용한 홍채 후보 영역 검출, ii) 딥러닝 기반의 동공 중심점 검출, iii) 동공 중심점을 이용한 홍채 영역 선택, iv) 선택된 홍채 영역 보정 과정으로 구성된다. 홍채 후보 영역은 허프 공간을 생성한 후 중심점 후보의 교차 개수가 많은 순으로 검출하며, 후보 영역 중 홍채는 검출된 동공의 중심점을 기준으로 선택한다. 그리고, 홍채의 모양이 왜곡되어 오차가 발생하는 것을 보완하기 위해 검출된 홍채 중심을 기준으로 새로운 경계점을 찾아 보정하는 방법을 사용하였다. 또한, 실험을 통하여 제안된 방법이 기존 원형 허프 변환 방법 대비 약 27.4% 향상된 정확도를 갖는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2022

Conventionally, all the unsafe acts by human beings in relation to industrial accidents have been regarded as unintentional human errors. Exceptionally, however, in the cases with fatalities, seriously injured workers, and/or losses that evoked social issues, attention was paid to violating related laws and regulations for finding out some people to be prosecuted and given judicial punishments. As Heinrich stated, injury or loss in an accident is quite a random variable, so it can be unfair to utilize it as a criterion for prosecution or punishment. The present study was conducted to comprehend how categorizing intentional violations in unsafe acts might disrupt conventional conclusions about the industrial accident process. It was also intended to seek out the right direction for countermeasures by examining unsafe acts comprehensively rather than limiting the analysis to human errors only. In an analysis of 150 industrial accident cases that caused fatalities and featured relatively clear accident scenarios, the results showed that only 36.0% (54 cases) of the workers recognized the situation they confronted as risky, out of which 29.6% (16 cases) thought of the risk as trivial. In addition, even when the risks were recognized, most workers attempted to solve the hazardous situations in ways that violated rules or regulations. If analyzed with a focus on human errors, accidents can be attributed to personal deviations. However, if considered with an emphasis on safety rules or regulations, the focus will naturally move to the question of whether the workers intentionally violated them or not. As a consequence, failure of managerial efforts may be highlighted. Therefore, it was concluded that management should consider unsafe acts comprehensively, with violations included in principle, during accident investigations and the development of countermeasures to prevent future accidents.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2022

Background: Chemical emissions in the environment have rapidly increased with the accelerated industrialization taking place in recent decades. Residents of industrial complexes are concerned about the health risks posed by chemical exposure. Objectives: This study was performed to suggest modeling methods that take into account multimedia and multi-pathways in human exposure and risk assessment. Methods: The concentration of benzene emitted at industrial complexes in Daesan, South Korea and the exposure of local residents was estimated using the Caltox model. The amount of human exposure based on inhalation rate was stochastically predicted for various activity stages such as resting, normal walking, and fast walking. Results: The coefficient of determination (R²) for the CalTOX model efficiency was 0.9676 and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) was 0.0035, indicating good agreement between predictions and measurements. However, the efficiency index (EI) appeared to be a negative value at -1094.4997. This can be explained as the atmospheric concentration being calculated only from the emissions from industrial facilities in the study area. In the human exposure assessment, the higher the inhalation rate percentile value, the higher the inhalation rate and lifetime average daily dose (LADD) at each activity step. Conclusions: Prediction using the Caltox model might be appropriate for comparing with actual measurements. The LADD of females was higher ratio with an increase in inhalation rate than those of males. This finding would imply that females may be more susceptible to benzene as their inhalation rate increases.