• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.43-56
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• 2016

The research aims to help merchant acquiring institutions gain a better insight on what merchant establishments in the Singapore market perceive of the costs they incur due to credit card acceptance. The research attempts to study the Singapore market and establish if increased credit card usage does increase costs for the merchant establishments that accept credit cards, this will help to acquire institutions in Singapore have a better understanding of merchant perceptions and what drives or deters credit card acceptance in the Singapore market. The survey was based on an interview of merchant establishments and the views of the merchants and was not based on their financial data. As a first step, the variables used in the survey were tested for interdependence using Chi-square tests; subsequently data reduction using factor analysis was performed and finally linear regression to establish a relation between dependent and independent variables. Merchant establishment believe accepting credit cards and increasing volume is costlier compared to another form of payment, but have mixed awareness about interchange fee. It also indicated that interchange fee and cardholder benefits are independent of the merchant establishments. The study only broadly attempts to gauge merchants view if increased credit card usage has increased costs for them.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.9-17
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• 2019

The purpose of this research is to review historical development of Islamic finance in individual East Asian economies, including China, Japan, South Korea and Hong Kong, and examine the success factors of the Hong Kong Sukuk issuances in 2014-2017. The research is a qualitative study applying case study method. It is found that the East Asian economies do play efforts to develop their Islamic capital markets although they have very limited size of Muslim population. Their progress on this development generally remains to be slow. The Hong Kong Sukuk is a breakthrough, carrying a total issuance value of US$3 billion. The Sukuk issuances, treated as a kind of asset-backed securities with restrictions on financing purposes, are distributed to international investors by investment banks from Hong Kong, Middle East and Malaysia. Success factors of these issuances include involvement of an issuer with high credit quality, recognition by central bank for using the Sukuk in its discount facility for commercial banks, centralized clearing services for the Sukuk and global banking network for underwriting the Sukuk. The lessons from the Hong Kong Sukuk are good references for other economies to develop their regional Islamic capital markets and to integrate the markets into the global capital market.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to explore how small and medium enterprises in India has identified the opportunities and challenges in adopting the Web 3.0 technologies to improve their productivity and efficiency. After an in-depth literature review, researchers framed a semi-structured questionnaire with open-ended questions for collecting responses from managers working in 40 Indian SME's representing five key economic sectors. The collected data was analyzed, and themes were encoded using the NVivo 11 computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software. Content analysis was used to analyze the data collected with the semi-structured interviews. This study identified five key themes and 12 subthemes illustrating the key advantages and challenges as perceived by the managerial leadership of SMEs. The five key themes identified in this study include integration of data and services, the creation of new functionalities, privacy and security, financial and technological challenges, and organizational challenges. The results of this study will benefit the organizational leadership of SMEs in planning and developing their short-term and long-term information systems strategies and will enable SME leaders to make optimal use of their information technology assets, improving the productivity and competitiveness of the firms. Web 3.0 technologies are considered as emerging technologies, so the advantages and challenges of using these technologies for SMEs have not been explored in the context of emerging economies, such as India.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.5 no.2 s.10
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• pp.14-23
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• 1999

This studys concerns with a critical issues of urban and rural integration for rurban development. Todays, many of urban-rural integrated cities are confronted with the negative effects of administrative boundary integration. The first problem is induced from the developmental gaps and different residential demands between the core-city and peripheral-county. The second problem is social-economic and administrative unification costs neglected. The third problem is the environmental pollutions and degradations in peripheral-county by rapid urbanization. The forth problem is the inequality of the public services and regional investments in the urban-rural Integrated cities. The fifth problem is the administrative relation and financial distribution between core-city and residual province when the urban-rural integrated core-city becomes large urban city. The results of the questionnaire analysis as follows. The first point, the preference of administrative boundary integration is different in intra-areas of urban-rural integrated county by it's location. The second point, the diversity of preference of residents depends on theirs job, age, resdential period, education and income level. So, administrative boundary integration must consider the many important factors which affect the socio-economic situations between the core-city and peripheral-county. In conclusion, residents' preference for the admistrative boundary integration depends on their situation without rational approach for macro regional development. In this contexts, comprehensive approach for the urban-rural administrative boundary integration is needed in consistent with rapid change of local government's functions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop a farm management diagnostic checklist form, which can be applied to any crops. First, upper indexes and subordinate indexes were identified through survey with expert, and weighted values for each subordinate index were calculated through AHP analysis. Second, as a reuslt of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis, marketing management (0.276) was found to be the most important index of all upper indexes. In the case of subordinate indexes, reflecting management evaluation (0.252) of management consciousness, quality enhancement efforts (0.332) of production management, locating new sales outlets (0.323) of marketing management, agriculture accounting (0.300) of finance management, and adjusting shipping dates (0.274) of risk management were found to be the highest. Third, the interval division using weight of farm receiving prices was higher discrimination in comparison to equal interval division of weighted values for each index. The newly developed farm management diagnostic checklist can be applied to any crops, as it utilizes indexes such as management consciousness, production management, marketing management, financial management, risk management, etc. based on professional opinions. In addition, it allows an objective evaluation of farm management situations by utilizing the weighted value of farm receiving prices.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.27-34
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• 2015

This paper provides an overview of the experiences of the people's housing process (PHP) in South Africa. The discussion is done against the backdrop of the different outcomes of the government public housing provision initiative, commonly known as the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) that directly produced more than three million subsidized housing to formerly segregated and disadvantaged populations. Notwithstanding the huge success in providing the much needed accommodation to such previously marginalized communities, the over-reliance on direct provision has the PHP ostensibly less impactful in housing delivery. Against the backdrop of the soaring housing backlogs, concerns with housing quality and the financial difficulties as well as the shrinking fiscal space; the article recommends improved support of the PHP. This can be achieved by the adoption of innovations that make land and minimal infrastructure and services available to the urban poor and to support their initiatives of self-building.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.183-202
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• 2008

The introduction of a ubiquitous environment has realized commercial ubiquitous services in various industrial fields and government area. The central and/or local governments are demanding an appropriate investment evaluation model for ubiquitous service. Thus, this study develops and suggests an evaluation model for ubiquitous service by reflecting its characteristic of promoting public good, as well as its broad ripple effect on people. The investment evaluation model for ubiquitous service suggested by this study is based on Cost Benefit Analysis Method. Especially, the 'Benefit' is analyzed in two aspects; 'Economic Benefit', which shows the benefit that ubiquitous service providers to the overall local economy, and; 'Financial Benefit', which shows the profit of individual investors participating in the introduction of ubiquitous service. The investment evaluation model for ubiquitous service suggested by this study can be used by the central and/or local government during their evaluation for investment before introducing a ubiquitous service. Also, when introducing a ubiquitous service in public field, the model can be used to support the decision making of private businesses for investment. Finally, it can be used to promote and inform the expected benefits of introducing a ubiquitous service to local residents.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.101-114
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze of Hospital Coordinator based on the DACUM(Developing A Curriculum) method. The contents of this study were to extract the duties, tasks consisting of job of Hospital Coordinator and to investigate levels of importance, difficulty, frequency and entry level on each task, and to make out a job model of Hospital coordinator. A DACUM committee was composed to analyze job of Hospital Coordinator and the committee members were total 17, a facilitator, 15 hospital administrator and a recorder. The major findings of this study were as the followings ; first, duties in job of Hospital Coordinator were total 10, which were organization of Hospital Coordinator affairs, customerfacing services, consultation support, customer counsel, customer management, financial management, medical service planning, medical service marketing, organizational management, image making management, and self-development. And total tasks in job of Hospital coordinator were 76. Second, the tasks which were important, difficult, frequent and essential in entry step of occupation were counseling before consultation, explaining treatment plan after consultation, checking progress of consultation, answering teleconsultation, and finding out customer's consultation information. Third, a job model of Hospital Coordinator was constructed based on the results of DACUM job analysis.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to review the profitability of sixteen university hospitals of oriental medicine during 2007~2009. Data was collected from 16 hospitals that reveal financial statements to the public and the hospitals were classified into 7 groups. Net sales and COGS per 100 beds of the 7 groups were analyzed to measure profitability and as a percentage of net sales, the rates of personnel expenses, maintenance costs, and material costs were evaluated. The results showed that six groups had consecutively recorded net loss in medical services and differences in profitability among 7 groups were substantial. The analysis showed the profitability was significant for medium-sized hospitals. The rates of personnel expenses in net sales were above 50% in 6 groups with net loss and one group with net profit was 45%. This result indicate the rate of personnel expenses in net sales could be the main factor affecting profitability and further studies are recommended to analyze the determinants of profitability in oriental medical hospitals.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.93-116
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• 1993

This study surveys 212 accounting information systems (AIS) of 85 manufacturing firms by using the research model based on the management process of AIS to figure out the current status and problems of the computing environment and AIS of Korean firms. The analysis of the current status leads to the suggestions to promote the utilization and efficiency of AIS. The level of experiences and education of information system (IS) personnel turns out to be still low. More education is needed to upgrade the IS personnel. AIS users lack in the computer knowledge. The users need more computer education. The analysis on the computerization and information characteristics of the AIS subsystems shows that the computerization is well established in the financial accounting area. On the other hand, the computerization for managerial accounting areas is in its early stage. The managerial accounting systems need be developed to support the managerial decision making effectively. The majority of firms develop the AIS by their own IS teams. When firms use the consulting services in developing AIS, they prefer accounting firms. The majority of firms fail to evaluate the AIS because the evaluation tools are not available. Most firms do not perform the auditing for AIS. It is needed to develop the tool and techniques for evalauation and auditing AIS.