• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.15-24
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the residential environment satisfaction of young women's one-person households and the characteristics of young one-person households, and to present policy implications for their housing problems. Research design, data, and methodology: This study used 11th Korea Financial Panel Data. Analysis methods in this study include basic statistical analysis, frequency analysis, multiple regression analysis, and artificial neural network analysis. Results: As a result of the analysis of this study, 1) young one-person households showed that women had higher ratios of non-regular workers, real estate debt than men, and lower average income. The percentage of young people owning their own homes was very low at about 5%. 2) For young women, the higher the education level and monthly consumption, the lower the housing satisfaction. 3) Young women living in rental housing had lower housing satisfaction than their own. Conclusions: Women are paying more for housing security than men in young one-person households. In addition, the proportion of their own houses is very low. Therefore, there is a need for a policy on the housing safety issue of young women's one-person households. And policies to support young one-person households to own their own homes are required.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.77-85
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose a "Safe Web Using Scrapable Headless Browse" Because in a network separation environment for security, It does not allow the Internet. The reason is to physically block malicious code. Many accidents occurred, including the 3.20 hacking incident, personal information leakage at credit card companies, and the leakage of personal information at "Interpark"(Internet shopping mall). As a result, the separation of the network separate the Internet network from the internal network, that was made mandatory for public institutions, and the policy-introduction institution for network separation was expanded to the government, local governments and the financial sector. In terms of information security, network separation is an effective defense system. Because building a network that is not attacked from the outside, internal information can be kept safe. therefore, "the separation of the network" is inefficient. because it is important to use the Internet's information to search for it and to use it as data directly inside. Using a capture method using a Headless Web browser can solve these conflicting problems. We would like to suggest a way to protect both safety and efficiency.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the rationality for and countermeasures against the use of prehospital patient restraint (PPR) techniques in efforts to limit violent behavior toward 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods: Previous countermeasures to limit violent behavior toward 119 EMTs and medical personnel were focused on strict reactive and passive proactive responses. However, those in support of the countermeasures do not believe that violent and criminal behavior can be limited or extinguished by strengthening the punishment unconditionally. Results: When it comes to the far-reaching effects of stigmatization on people who engage in violent and criminal behavior, it is possible that unconditional punishment leads to more crime, increases the costs of imprisonment, and consequently, adds to the financial burden of the government. Conclusion: Thus, we are faced with an urgent need to prepare legal grounds for the use of PPR techniques by 119 EMTs for agitated or combative patients only, with direct medical oversight. Moreover, the legal foundation for the use of PPR techniques also needs to be established for emergency medical personnel. The use of PPR techniques not only ensures the safety of emergency medical services personnel, but also protects patients from injuring themselves and others.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.211-225
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• 2021

Objectives: To validate the role of a new information and communication technology platform that we created for the betterment of the oral health of persons with disabilities and for providing appropriate health care services. Methods: A Delphi survey was conducted among 16 people in various professions, including academia, government agencies, and dentistry, to evaluate the validity of the information and communication technology platform. Moreover, platform satisfaction was evaluated using a user experience questionnaire among 200 people, including persons with disabilities, parents, and public institutions. Results: Experts in consensus indicated a high validity for the categories of service provider (CV=0.29, CVR=0.69), service target (CV=0.29, CVR=0.38), service contests (CV=0.27, CVR=0.63), and financial support (CV=0.30, CVR=0.63) in our information and communication technology platform. In addition, information from questionnaires on user experience and communication technology satisfaction analysis showed that both users and providers were highly satisfied with the platform. Conclusions: The provision of oral health services based on the new information and communication technology platform has numerous advantages, in addition to providing adequate oral health care for the disabled. Furthermore, the social safety net for improved oral health may be further strengthened.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.99-106
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• 2022

In this paper, we proposes digital content management technology in a cloud computing environment. proposes digital content management technology in a cloud computing environment. Computing services using networks are basic infrastructure services that cannot be missed in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Financial services, digital content services, and industrial and home network services using smartphones are changing from services in the local area to a cloud service environment where the entire service is possible. Therefore, this study proposed a system to safely support digital content services suitable for cloud computing environments. The proposed system provides convenience and safety for users to access the system, protects the copyright of digital content authors, and provides a secure digital content distribution and management system. The purpose of this study is to stabilize and revitalize the digital content market by providing a digital content distribution structure suitable for the cloud computing environment.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.283-287
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• 2023

The structures for road safety are guard rails that protect the cars and passengers. If an accident occurs on the roads after a long period of installation, it may escalate into a major disaster. In order to repair many guard rails, the existing repair method of replacing them with new ones requires enormous financial resources. To solve this problem, the G-SAVE method was developed to repair the guard rail without replacing them. This method removes the rust on the surface of the guard rail and then performs ambient-dip galvanizing coating on it without replacing the new ones. No studies or reports have yet been made on the risk assessment of harmful substances, vehicles for these entire processes. Therefore, this paper focuses on risk assessment using the PHA (Preliminary Hazard Analysis) technique and conducts risk assessment for concept design stage of the coating vehicles.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.649-657
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• 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has unprecedented impacts on different sectors around the globe. The effects observed in developing countries are even more severe. Some projects stopped while many have cost and time overrun issues. This paper conducted a case study on the COVID-19's effects on a hotel construction project in Nepal. The study reviewed the literature on COVID-19 and its impact on construction sectors and conducted a semi-structured interview with the project's personnel. The interview response was analysed and the contributing factors that impacted the project and its performance were identified. The paper found financial, operational, contractual, safety, and risk management issues in the hotel project. Overall, the project cost increased by 32% where the material cost increased by 35% and labor cost increased by 28%. This research discusses causes, measures, and provides a broad perspective of the problems, significant challenges, and opportunities associated with the effects of COVID-19 on the construction industry. The Owner as well as the Contractors incurred added costs because of COVID-19. The paper identified contributing factors and presented the challenges which could be used as opportunities to minimize unforeseen impacts of the pandemics in near future. The lesson learned from this case study was that the labor cost and materials cost could have been minimized if the Owner and the Contractor had established alternative resources such as using locally available labor, materials, and alternative suppliers.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2024

Purpose: This paper explores the nuanced approaches undertaken by private companies in formulating and implementing business continuity plans (BCPs) in response to the unprecedented challenges posed by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Research design, data, and methodology: Utilizing a mixed-methods research design, the study delves into the multifaceted strategies employed by private sector entities, ranging from risk assessment and remote work policies to supply chain diversification and employee well-being initiatives. Result: The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolving landscape of business continuity planning during a pandemic, offering valuable insights for academia, industry practitioners, and policymakers. The research findings present a detailed account of how private companies have tailored their business continuity plans in response to the unique challenges posed by the pandemic. Conclusion: This academic exploration sheds light on the dynamic landscape of business continuity planning in private companies responding to the global pandemic. Insights into the effectiveness of remote work policies, supply chain diversification, employee safety measures, and financial strategies contribute to the understanding of best practices and areas requiring further attention. These recommendations aim to inform future business continuity planning efforts, enhance organizational resilience, and mitigate the impact of global health crises on private sector operations.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.127-146
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• 2017

Services using artificial intelligence have begun to emerge in daily life. Artificial intelligence is applied to products in consumer electronics and communications such as artificial intelligence refrigerators and speakers. In the financial sector, using Kensho's artificial intelligence technology, the process of the stock trading system in Goldman Sachs was improved. For example, two stock traders could handle the work of 600 stock traders and the analytical work for 15 people for 4weeks could be processed in 5 minutes. Especially, big data analysis through machine learning among artificial intelligence fields is actively applied throughout the financial industry. The stock market analysis and investment modeling through machine learning theory are also actively studied. The limits of linearity problem existing in financial time series studies are overcome by using machine learning theory such as artificial intelligence prediction model. The study of quantitative financial data based on the past stock market-related numerical data is widely performed using artificial intelligence to forecast future movements of stock price or indices. Various other studies have been conducted to predict the future direction of the market or the stock price of companies by learning based on a large amount of text data such as various news and comments related to the stock market. Investing on commodity asset, one of alternative assets, is usually used for enhancing the stability and safety of traditional stock and bond asset portfolio. There are relatively few researches on the investment model about commodity asset than mainstream assets like equity and bond. Recently machine learning techniques are widely applied on financial world, especially on stock and bond investment model and it makes better trading model on this field and makes the change on the whole financial area. In this study we made investment model using Support Vector Machine among the machine learning models. There are some researches on commodity asset focusing on the price prediction of the specific commodity but it is hard to find the researches about investment model of commodity as asset allocation using machine learning model. We propose a method of forecasting four major commodity indices, portfolio made of commodity futures, and individual commodity futures, using SVM model. The four major commodity indices are Goldman Sachs Commodity Index(GSCI), Dow Jones UBS Commodity Index(DJUI), Thomson Reuters/Core Commodity CRB Index(TRCI), and Rogers International Commodity Index(RI). We selected each two individual futures among three sectors as energy, agriculture, and metals that are actively traded on CME market and have enough liquidity. They are Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Corn, Wheat, Gold and Silver Futures. We made the equally weighted portfolio with six commodity futures for comparing with other commodity indices. We set the 19 macroeconomic indicators including stock market indices, exports & imports trade data, labor market data, and composite leading indicators as the input data of the model because commodity asset is very closely related with the macroeconomic activities. They are 14 US economic indicators, two Chinese economic indicators and two Korean economic indicators. Data period is from January 1990 to May 2017. We set the former 195 monthly data as training data and the latter 125 monthly data as test data. In this study, we verified that the performance of the equally weighted commodity futures portfolio rebalanced by the SVM model is better than that of other commodity indices. The prediction accuracy of the model for the commodity indices does not exceed 50% regardless of the SVM kernel function. On the other hand, the prediction accuracy of equally weighted commodity futures portfolio is 53%. The prediction accuracy of the individual commodity futures model is better than that of commodity indices model especially in agriculture and metal sectors. The individual commodity futures portfolio excluding the energy sector has outperformed the three sectors covered by individual commodity futures portfolio. In order to verify the validity of the model, it is judged that the analysis results should be similar despite variations in data period. So we also examined the odd numbered year data as training data and the even numbered year data as test data and we confirmed that the analysis results are similar. As a result, when we allocate commodity assets to traditional portfolio composed of stock, bond, and cash, we can get more effective investment performance not by investing commodity indices but by investing commodity futures. Especially we can get better performance by rebalanced commodity futures portfolio designed by SVM model.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.71-130
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• 2008

Using data from the Korean Labor & Income Panel Study (KLIPS), this study investigates private income transfers in Korea, where adult children have undertaken the most responsibility of supporting their elderly parents without well-established social safety net for the elderly. According to the KLIPS data, three out of five households provided some type of support for their aged parents and two out of five households of the elderly received financial support from their adult children on a regular base. However, the private income transfers in Korea are not enough to alleviate the impact of the fall in the earned income of those who retired and are approaching an age of needing financial assistance from external source. The monthly income of those at least the age of 75, even with the earning of their spouses, is below the staggering amount of 450,000 won, which indicates that the elderly in Korea are at high risk of poverty. In order to analyze microeconomic factors affecting the private income transfers to the elderly parents, the following three samples extracted from the KLIPS data are used: a sample of respondents of age 50 or older with detailed information on their financial status; a five-year household panel sample in which their unobserved family-specific and time-invariant characteristics can be controlled by the fixed-effects model; and a sample of the younger split-off household in which characteristics of both the elderly household and their adult children household can be controlled simultaneously. The results of estimating private income transfer models using these samples can be summarized as follows. First, the dominant motive lies on the children-to-parent altruistic relationship. Additionally, another is based on exchange motive, which is paid to the elderly parents who take care of their grandchildren. Second, the amount of private income transfers has negative correlation with the income of the elderly parents, while being positively correlated with the income of the adult children. However, its income elasticity is not that high. Third, the amount of private income transfers shows a pattern of reaching the highest level when the elderly parents are in the age of 75 years old, following a decreasing pattern thereafter. Fourth, public assistance, such as the National Basic Livelihood Security benefit, appears to crowd out private transfers. Private transfers have fared better than public transfers in alleviating elderly poverty, but the role of public transfers has been increasing rapidly since the welfare expansion after the financial crisis in the late 1990s, so that one of four elderly people depends on public transfers as their main income source in 2003. As of the same year, however, there existed and occupied 12% of the elderly households those who seemed eligible for the National Basic Livelihood benefit but did not receive any public assistance. To remove elderly poverty, government may need to improve welfare delivery system as well as to increase welfare budget for the poor. In the face of persistent elderly poverty and increasing demand for public support for the elderly, which will lead to increasing government debt, welfare policy needs targeting toward the neediest rather than expanding universal benefits that have less effect of income redistribution and heavier cost. Identifying every disadvantaged elderly in dire need for economic support and providing them with the basic livelihood security would be the most important and imminent responsibility that we all should assume to prepare for the growing aged population, and this also should accompany measures to utilize the elderly workforce with enough capability and strong will to work.