• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine food safety practices and procedures based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system and to suggest more effective method of HACCP implementation in meat packaging industry in Korea. We used the non-compliance rate of each evaluation item to compare the weak points of prerequisite requirements and HACCP. The prerequisite items related to facility, equipment, and tools showed inadequate level of requirements or unsanitary conditions for proper HACCP operation. A lack of understanding of sanitation standard operation procedures was identified as a fundamental barrier to HACCP implementation. High rate of non-compliance in HACCP items compared to prerequisite requirements signify that small businesses have potential difficulties of applying HACCP due to lack of technical expertise, financial resources for prerequisite requirements, and available personnel to prepare and operate HACCP plan. Also we suggest to revise and minimize current critical control points (CCPs). Time-temperature control of cold-storage rooms for carcasses and final products could be performed by control points of prerequisite requirements. As the occurrence frequency getting lower, metal detector should be replaced by intensified training of sanitary handling and safety procedure. This will be more effective and preventive measures against physical contaminants including metal particles. In conclusion, control point of prerequisite requirement may replace CCP in the plant with simple processing line and no heating process such as meat packaging industry.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.95-107
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• 2016

Objectives: Physical activity is well known as one of the most effective health behaviors for maintaining and promoting health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regional variation, compositional and contextual factors on physical activities in Korea. Methods: This study analyzed data of 6,353 adults in 4th-1, 2 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Independent variables were compositional factors that included general characteristics, health behaviors, health status, and contextual factors that included physical environment, political environment, and social safety net. Dependent variables were vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and walking activity. Multilevel analysis were used to determine a variation of physical activity between levels of compositional factors and contextual factors. Results: Physical activities of the Korean people were affected by the regional variables. Financial independence and population density were related with moderate physical activity significantly. Population density, school sport or rally spaces, cultural facilities, and social safety concerns were related with walking activity significantly. These variables impacted on physical activities along with variables at the individual level. Variance Partition Coefficient were 9.94% at moderate physical activity and 2.91% at walking activities, respectively. Conclusions: The results suggest that the regional variables should be considered when planning public intervention to promoting physical activities in Korean adults.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.305-319
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• 2002

International capital movement has made progress at global liberalization of finance and foreign exchange, international monetary norm changing into floating exchange rate system, easiness of collection of information and trade at improvement of information communication technology from early of 1970's. Results of empirical test for relation between foreign exchange rate or various determination factors of foreign exchange rate and interest rate are followed by next sentences. First, according to relation between foreign exchange rate and interest rate, correlation for each of variables after OECD entrance is increased. But, long-term ＆short-term interest rate is affected by Hanbo ＆ Kia's bankruptcy, continuous large scale coporates bankruptcy and crisis of foreign exchange. Therefore, financial instability is occured. If portfolio investment fund has been inflow as it is mollified by continuous shortage of foreign exchange and fall of country's credit rating, it is expected to have positive effect for long-term & short-term interest rate from appreciation of won against dollar. Second, results from relation between determination factor of foreign exchange rate and interest rate are followed by next sentences. If surplus of current account and goods account is continued, yield of corporate bond is to be stable. But, margin of surplus is expected to diminish after second quarter 98, and difference between external and domestic interest (after adjusting foreign exchange rate) is to be diminished. And if net inflows of foreign investor's fund (stock and bond) is diminished, it is to have negative effect for yield of corporate bond. According to foreign investor's investment movement of previous years, hedge md were stayed at least during two years in Mexico. It means that sudden capital outflow is not to be happened at Korea. But if external factors from depreciation of yen and China's renminbi are instable, interest rate is expected to increase from capital's outflows. Third, if it is to decrease instability of foreign exchange rate from increase in surplus of future current account, credit rating's upwardness, stability of yen and renminbi, foreign exchange rate is expected to be stable. It is expected to have continuous stability from short-term interest rate to long-term interest rate in this empirical test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.9-18
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• 2007

The small and medium sized dams have the fill dam type of a lot of occasions, which are often weak in cases of major floods. For this reason, although a countermeasure is in great need, due to the importance of the facilities and financial situations, no direct safety measures have been taken. In this study, in order to minimize construction expenditure for practical safety measures in cases of major floods, the overflow section of spillway has been analyzed focusing on how the overflow capacity will increase in the case of partially rebuilding a part of the overflow section of spillway favorable for hydraulic conditions. The labyrinth weir and movable weir was chosen for reconstruction models of the overflow section. Moreover, for analyzing the after-effects of the reconstruction, a small scale dam was temporarily chosen for various experiments such as the hydraulic model testing and the three dimension numerical evaluation through the use of Flow-3D.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.17D no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2010

When entering the PIN(personal identification number), the greatest security threat is shoulder surfing attack. Shoulder surfing attack is watching the PIN being entered from over the shoulder to obtain the number, and it is the most common and at the same time the most powerful security threat of stealing the PIN. In this paper, a psychology based PINpad technology referred to as DAS(Dynamic Authentication System) that safeguards from shoulder surfing attack was proposed. Also, safety of the proposed DAS from shoulder surfing attack was tested and verified through intuitive viewpoint, shoulder surfing test, and theoretical analysis. Then, a PINpad with an internal DAS that was certified for its safety from shoulder surfing attack was designed and produced. Because the designed PINpad significantly decreases the chances for shoulder surfing attackers being able to steal the PIN when compared to the ordinary PINpad, it was determined to be suitable for use at ATM(automated teller machine)s operated by banks and therefore has been introduced and is being used by many financial institutions.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2010

Korean logistics industry have been focused on transportation business. However, with the expansion of the electronic commerce and on-line shopping, delivery service is now dramatically growing. Despite the expansion of logistics market, the domestic logistics industry have significant structural problems such as low productivity comparing with the advanced countries, relatively high cost and shortage of human resources and lack of professionalism of people in the industry. Logistics companies reallocate employees, use subcontractors, expand consignment and training the employees to overcome the labor shortages but it has some limits. In recognition of the importance of labor in the logistics industry, financial support and investment have increased. Logistics companies tend to hire consultants, set up logistics department or R&D center in order to establish highly productive logistics process and system so it is viewed that there will be considerable demands of human resources in the logistics industry. This study indicates implications and development direction of human resources in the logistics industry by looking into prospect and characteristic of the industry, employment status, training programs and qualification requirements.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.189-200
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• 2012

Many companies have endeavored to build a quality cost management system in order to be more productive business organization. This study shows the detail procedures of constructing a quality cost management system which is believed to be appropriate for their business system. That is, the method to calculate the quality cost and the linking logic between the quality improvement and its financial impact are explained based on a particular industry case. In this sense, the changes of business performance measures such as market share, customer satisfaction, etc. were analyzed in the longitudinal perspective for the consecutive 4 years (2003~2006). As the quantitative results of this study, the improvement activities based on the quality cost management system resulted in the 32% reduction of quality cost and the 121% increase of business profit, compared 2005 with 2006. In the qualitative perspective, the successive practice of quality cost reduction and the job information sharing in business unit were obtained by providing the best practices and bench-marking cases. Finally, the customer satisfaction has increased so that the customer-friendly management system has been accomplished. With these efforts, the 3.4% increase of the market share and the 3% increase of the customer satisfaction were obtained in 2005. As the future study, the current study can be extended to the concept of COPQ (cost of poor quality) which focuses on the hidden quality cost of the whole business activities. Such extension of analysis will help us understand the wider role of a quality cost management system in the business.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.172-177
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• 2012

In areas around Deoksan Li and Deokjeon Li, Inje Eup, Inje Gun, located between $38^{\circ}2^{\prime}55^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$ and $38^{\circ}5^{\prime}50^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$ in latitude and $128^{\circ}11^{\prime}20^{{\prime}{\prime}}E$ and $128^{\circ}18^{\prime}20^{{\prime}{\prime}}E$ in longitude, large-sized avalanche disasters occurred due to Typhoon Ewiniar in 2006. As a result, 29 people were dead or missing, along with a total of 37.25 billion won of financial loss(Gangwon Province, 2006). To evaluate such landslide and debris flow risk areas and their vulnerability, this study applied a technique called 'Weight of Evidence' based on GIS. Especially based on the overlay analysis of aerial images before the occurrence of landslides and debris flows in 2005 and after 2006, this study extracted 475 damage-occurrence areas in a shape of point, and established a DB by using such factors as topography, hydrologic, soil and forest physiognomy through GIS. For the prediction diagram of debris flow and landslide risk areas, this study calculated W+ and W-, the weighted values of each factor of Weight Evidence, while overlaying the weighted values of factors. Besides, the diagram showed about 76% in prediction accuracy, and it was also found to have a relatively high correlationship with the areas where such natural disasters actually occurred.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.618-626
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• 2019

This study conducted basic studies to develop electromagnetic wave shielding maternity wear. We investigated electromagnetic wave shielding fabrics and products as well as surveyed actual wearing states for pregnant women aged 35 to 44 and women who gave birth within the past one year. Available electromagnetic wave blocking products for pregnant women were blankets, aprons, maternity belts, and underwear. These only cover the abdomen and it was hard to find out electromagnetic waves shielding maternity wear, which can enhance functionality and complement the body shapes of pregnant women. The aged mother responded pregnancy delay was mostly attributable to late marriage, career, financial difficulty and health problems. Major health threats to babies were high stress levels during pregnancy, followed by electromagnetic waves from electronic devices. They prioritized physical activity, design, functionality and safety when wearing maternity wear. When purchasing maternity wear, they emphasized design, price, materials and size. The most preferred clothing was one-piece dress; consequently, only 11.1% of them were satisfied with the quality of maternity wear with complaints mostly about design and price. A total of 63% of respondents tried to protect themselves from electromagnetic waves. Most aged mothers showed a positive intention on purchasing electromagnetic waves blocking maternity wear for babies with concerns dealing with safety of materials, prices, ease of laundry, and body complementing design.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.218-225
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• 2021

Purpose and Method: Financial field among the various changes due to the nationalization of fire fighting officials is the main point and to stably settle according to the purpose, improvement of special account for fire fighting officials is suggested by analyzing the facts and related acts. Results: To use the fire fighting project budget entirely in fire fire fighting project by the purpose of the installation of special account for fire fighting officials, dual budgeting standard for labor cost should be revised. In the reserve cost budgeting standard "Within 1/100 of the total budget rule" total budget includes the labor cost, as a result reserve cost budget will keep increase, so reserve cost budget should be fixed by the project budget instead of the total budget. Conclusion: To use the fire fighting budget by the purpose of the installation of special account for fire fighting officials, improvement on budgeting standard is necessary to increase quality of the fire service and stably operate the fire fighting organization.