• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.153-195
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• 2010

The recent global financial crisis has been the outcome of, among other things, the mismatch between institutions and the reality of the market in the current global financial system. The International financial institutions (IFIs) that were designed more than 60 years ago can no longer effectively meet the challenges posed by the current global economy. While the global financial market has become integrated like a single market, there is no international lender of last resort or global regulatory body. There also has been a rapid shift in the weight of economic power. The share of the Group of 7 (G7) countries in global gross domestic product (GDP) fell and the share of emerging market economies increased rapidly. Therefore, the tasks facing us today are: (i) to reform the IFIs -mandate, resources, management, and governance structure; (ii) to reform the system such as the international monetary system (IMS), and regulatory framework of the global financial system; and (iii) to reform global economic governance. The main focus of this paper will be the IMS reform and the role of the Group of Twenty (G20) summit meetings. The current IMS problems can be summarized as follows. First, the demand for foreign reserve accumulation has been increasing despite the movement from fixed exchange rate regimes to floating rate regimes some 40 years ago. Second, this increasing demand for foreign reserves has been concentrated in US dollar assets, especially public securities. Third, as the IMS relies too heavily on the supply of currency issued by a center country (the US), it gives an exorbitant privilege to this country, which can issue Treasury bills at the lowest possible interest rate in the international capital market. Fourth, as a related problem, the global financial system depends too heavily on the center country's ability to maintain the stability of the value of its currency and strength of its own financial system. Fifth, international capital flows have been distorted in the current IMS, from EMEs and developing countries where the productivity of capital investment is higher, to advanced economies, especially the US, where the return to capital investment is lower. Given these problems, there have been various proposals to reform the current IMS. They can be grouped into two: demand-side and supply-side reform. The key in the former is how to reduce the widespread strong demand for foreign reserve holdings among EMEs. There have been several proposals to reduce the self-insurance motivation. They include third-party insurance and the expansion of the opportunity to borrow from a global and regional reserve pool, or access to global lender of last resort (or something similar). However, the first option would be too costly. That leads us to the second option - building a stronger globalfinancial safety net. Discussions on supply-side reform of the IMS focus on how to diversify the supply of international reserve currency. The proposals include moving to a multiple currency system; increased allocation and wider use of special drawing rights (SDR); and creating a new global reserve currency. A key question is whether diversification should be encouraged among suitable existing currencies, or if it should be sought more with global reserve assets, acting as a complement or even substitute to existing ones. Each proposal has its pros and cons; they also face trade-offs between desirability and political feasibility. The transition would require close collaboration among the major players. This should include efforts at the least to strengthen policy coordination and collaboration among the major economies, and to reform the IMF to make it a more effective institution for bilateral and multilateral surveillance and as an international lender of last resort. The success on both fronts depends heavily on global economic governance reform and the role of the G20. The challenge is how to make the G20 effective. Without institutional innovations within the G20, there is a high risk that its summits will follow the path of previous summit meetings, such as G7/G8.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.139-160
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• 2010

On July 21st in 2005, People's Bank of China (PBOC) turned the currency peg against the U.S. dollar into managed currency system based on a basket of unnamed currencies under China's exchanged rate regime. This change means that China's enterprises are not free from currency fluctuations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relations between Renminbi fluctuations in the floating exchange rate and financial results of venture companies. The process and outcomes of this study are as follows, First, in order to measure the financial results of venture companies, I choose venture companies in Shandong Province listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) at random and several quarter financial sheets according to safety ratios, profitability ratios, growth ratios, activity ratios. Second, I arrange the daily Renminbi exchange rate data announced from July 21st, 2005 to December 31st, 2008 by PBOC into the quarterly data. Third, in order to confirm the relations between Renminbi fluctuations and financial results of venture companies, I carry out Pearson's correlation analysis. As a result, the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi has weakly negative effects on debt ratio, total assets turnover ratio and equity turnover ratio in statistics. But the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi is not related to other financial index in statistics. The result of this study is that the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi has little influence on the export and import of Chinese venture companies and certifies the fact that Chinese venture companies have much foreign currency assets. In addition to avoid the currency exposure risk, this study shows the effective method about currency exposure risk which adjusts proportion of Renminbi to foreign currency.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.238-247
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• 2021

This study is a descriptive research to investigate the, safety environment, and performance of nurses working in public medical institutions on standard precautions for infection, and to identify factors affecting the performance of standard precautions for infection. As for the research method, data were collected through a questionnaire on 192 nurses from two public medical institutions in S city and N city, and the results were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 22.0 statistical program. From the research results, there was a significant difference in the knowledge of standard precautions according to work experience, and there was a significant difference in the safety environment of standard precautions according to the position. The average level of knowledge of standard precautions was 21.98/25 points, the average safety environment was 5.68/7 points, and the average performance was 40.28/60 points. There was a significant positive correlation between the safety environment of standard precautions and the performance of standard precautions (r=.21, p<0.01). The affecting factor on the performance of standard precautions was found to be the safety environment of standard precautions(𝛽=.22, p=.003). Therefore, to improve the performance of standard precautions for nurses' infection control in public medical institutions, Different and persistent infection management educational programs that consider the Historical situation and monitoring are required other than providing financial support and supportive safety environment.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.173-183
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• 2023

Purpose: In order to reduce industrial accidents caused by forklift trucks, it is actually necessary to analyze the causes of accidents. This study aims to present disaster prevention measures by analyzing accident cases by forklift accident type. Method: For the analysis of industrial accidents, including serious industrial accidents caused by forklifts from 2021 to 2022, accident statistics from the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency were used to analyze accidents in four types. Result: In the last two years, the total number of victims, including deaths and other serious injuries, was 2,559, which was 1,396 in 2021 and 1,163 in 2022. Disaster prevention measures were presented for industrial accidents by size and occurrence type of equipment that cause serious industrial accidents in which more than 1,000 people are injured annually. Conclusion: It is necessary to expand the number of workers subject to the forklift financial support project to less than 100. It is necessary to amend the proviso on boarding restrictions in Article 86, Paragraph 7 of the ｢Regulations on Industrial Safety and Health Standards｣. It is mandatory to install front and rear cameras. It is necessary to install driving-linked safety belts. It is necessary to install line beams obligatory. It is necessary to expand the subject of forklift special safety and health education to workplaces that have more than one forklift truck, and it is necessary to redesignate the training hours to 16 hours every year.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1282-1288
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• 2011

Recently, the demand regarding reliability and safety of the railroad are increased as built to high-speed railway and Driverless LRT systems. Accordingly, effective management of construction projects is being applied, with the introduction and use of PMIS computerized systems. Due to the construction of railways, from the start of PMIS research planning, design, procurement, to construction and commissioning, various expertise is being carefully gathered, and by integrating it into the unified budget ideas and processes, rational, efficient, organized, and manageable financial plans are developed for the computerized system. However, the current PMIS does not take into account the life-cycle. Therefore, this study is to bring attention to the BIM smart BOM-based configuration management for life-cycle through the consideration for railway construction project management.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2280-2285
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• 2011

As the prefecture railroad construction accelerates, unmanned system's reliability and safety is increasing in demand. Accordingly, effective management of construction projects for the PM and SE techniques are being applied, with the introduction and use of PMIS computerized systems. Due to the construction of railways, from the start of PMIS research planning, design, procurement, to construction and commissioning, various expertise is being carefully gathered, and by integrating it into the unified budget ideas and processes, rational, efficient, organized, and manageable financial plans are developed for the computerized system. However, the current PMIS does not take into account the life-cycle. This study is to bring attention to the BIM smart BOM-based configuration management for life-cycle through the consideration for railway construction project management.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.286-288
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• 2003

Accidents at level crossing where railways and roads cross cause many casualties because of collision of cars etc and it also has a risk of the 2nd accident of trains. it is the most vulnerable point in the railway safety. Fundamental solution for accidents at level crossing is making the crossings cubic. but it can't be easily progressed because of environmental and financial difficulties. every kind of anti-accident measures are being strived for. one of the strived results is level crossing obstacle detector which automatically detects obstacles like defected cars etc in the middle of level crossing and transmits the information of obstacles to the approaching train. However present level crossing obstacle auto detector needs high expenses to be installed and has difficulties that lenses of beam transmitter, beam receiver should be cleaned in snowing winter. this document reviews level crossing obstacle auto detector using ultrasonic sensor to measure these difficulties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.3-33
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• 2001

A review on the technical development and agricultural policy direction for sustainable agriculture has been made to clarify the present conditions of agricultural environment for food production and natural resource conservation and to study prospects and solutions successfully to achieve food safety and environment conservation as the 21st agricultural paradigm. Although great improvement of environmentally sound and resource-conserving techniques, sustainability of Korean agriculture has been damaged by quantitative reduction and quality deterioration of agricultural land resources, insufficient implementation of low-input and organic matter recycling techniques and also improper cropping system. It is concluded that goal of sustainable agriculture can be successfully achieved by further improvement of environmentally friendly techniques, and stronger escalation of national implementation programmes with more financial supports including direct payments for sustainability of agriculture under systematical support and cooperation of AKS (agricultural knowledge system).

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.11b
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• pp.859-861
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• 2010

The construction companies are facing potential EHS(Environment, Health & Safety) of major accidents to cause casualties or a financial loss and increasing social responsibility. So, they have to voluntarily accomplish the EHS management system rather than passively with regard to EHS regulation. In this study, the integrated EHS management system is developed based on cloud computing, and construction companies are to materialize self-regulation EHS process of construction workplace and to standardize the total EHS business process using the developed system. The proposed system also provides risk analysis, education/control and continuous improvement for EHS tasks and users can easily access the system on the web at a low price through cloud computing service. Eventually, the integrated system contributes to the managerial improvement by minimizing economic and physical loss caused by construction accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.78-83
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• 2014

To minimize the financial loss due to power facility malfunction, on-line diagnostic techniques are required to grasp any abnormal state of facilities in the live line as well as devices to diagnose abnormal states of power facility in an easy and prompt manner. This study aims to develop a portable UV detecting system by means of UV sensors for easier and efficient inspection of the degradation state of power facility in a long distance. Accordingly, it includes a simulation of corona discharges that may occur due to degradation of power facility and detection of ultraviolet pulse generation depending on the corona discharge intensity and measuring distance in application of UV sensors. Additionally, the optimal algorithm is determined for its application to the system's degradation diagnosis program based on the measured experiment data.