• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2011

The Youth Olympic Games(YOG) is an international multi-sport event first held in Singapore from August 14 to August 26, 2010. The idea for such an event was introduced by International Olympic Committee(IOC). The Federation of International Gymnastics(2009) designed the Code of Points and regulates for junior gymnastics at this time. The purpose of this study was to give crucial information and adapt to coaches and junior gymnasts at the time of changing code rapidly. For this study, The eight finalists rings exercise at the 1st Youth Olympic Games was recorded using a digital camcoder. The exercise contents analysis of rings was carried out by an experienced international judge using Code of Points(FIG, 2009). The C elements in various difficulties were performed the highest frequency. The elements group I was the most frequently performed in overall difficulties. Moreover, All the gymnasts performed the elements of the Jonasson and Yamawaki in Group I. Therefore, junior gymnasts need to consider Jonasson and Yamawaki elements correctly in elements group I. The 1st ranked ROU(132) gymnast performed high difficulty value for his routine with the highest E score(9.050). The average of D score were 5.125. In the E scores, 8th USA(140) gymnast received the lowest E score of 8.15, 5th MGL(127) gymnasts received the fewer E score of 8.475. Coaches and junior gymnasts should try to increase D score above 5.125 by higher swing elements in Group I and II as well, decrease deduction of elements in exercise contents.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to analyze training needs for skill assessor's competency of vocational education teachers in Korea. This research was conducted based on Russ-Eft's competency model for skill assessor. Data were gathered from 234 vocational education teachers over the country, and final respondents were 158 males and 73 females. As a result of analysis, reliability for expert (needs score 2.51), establishment for assessment management plan (needs score 2.11), management plan (needs score 2.08), and effective collaboration (needs score 2.07) have high developmental needs. On the other hand, recognition of a variety intention (needs score 1.01), observation of ethical standard (needs score 1.24), and personal relationship (needs score 1.76) have low developmental needs.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2016

The authors investigated the effect of feedback and remediation after formative assessment (FRFA) by comparing the FRFA score and that of summative assessment (SA) in a course on clinical skills. In March 2015, 33 subjects underwent evaluation of their ability to perform a complex clinical skill using a real-time ready-made mobile assessment form tool, and through e-mail they were supplied with their feedback and final score (the pass group earned 2 points; the intermediate group earned 1 point; the nonpass group earned 0 points) followed by their self-reflection. The nonpass group underwent a re-test and e-mail feedback again until they passed the test, given the ease of performance. In December 2015, the 33 subjects took a 10-item SA, and one of the 10 items addressed a similar clinical skill. The difference between the first score on the FRFA and the score on the SA was evaluated statistically (p=0.05) through data analysis, variance distribution, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis using SPSS software ver. 16. The increase from the score on the SA to that on the FRFA was statistically significant ($4.5{\pm}9.29$) in the pass group and the intermediate group, and was $29.7{\pm}11.49$ in the nonpass group of the formative evaluation (p<0.001). Using an FRFA could decrease the range in the standard deviation of the score and increase the minimum score among the subjects.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2019

Background: Diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (DPN) is associated with a variety of symptoms. Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are considered to be the gold standard of nerve damage assessments, but these studies are often dissociated from the subjective symptoms observed in DPN patients. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the correlations between NCS parameters and neuropathic symptoms quantified using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without symptoms of neuropathy were retrospectively enrolled. Demographic data, clinical laboratory data, MNSI score, and NCS results were collected for analysis; DPN was diagnosed based on the MNSI score (${\geq}3.0$) and abnormal NCS results. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relationships between MNSI score and NCS variables. Results: The final analyses included 198 patients (115 men and 83 women) with a mean age of $62.6{\pm}12.7$ years and a mean duration of diabetes of $12.7{\pm}8.4$ years. The mean MNSI score was 2.8 (range, 0.0-9.0), and 69 patients (34.8%) were diagnosed with DPN. The MNSI score was positively correlated with the median motor nerve latency and negatively correlated with the median motor, ulnar sensory, peroneal, tibial, and sural nerve conduction velocities (NCVs). When the patients were categorized into quartiles according to MNSI score, peroneal nerve conduction velocity was significantly lower in the second MNSI quartile than in the first MNSI quartile (p = 0.001). A multivariate analysis revealed that the peroneal NCV was independently associated with MNSI score after adjusting for age, sex, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Conclusions: The present results indicate that a decrease in peroneal NCV was responsible for early sensory deficits in T2DM patients.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.189-196
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• 2011

In this study, we perform a simulation study to compare frequently used standardization methods for interview scores based on trimmed mean, rank mean, and z-score mean. In this simulation study we assume that interviewer's score is influenced by a weighted average of true interviewee's true score and independent noise whose weight is determined by the professionality of the interviewer. In other words, as interviewer's professionality increases, the observed score becomes closer to the true score and if interviewer's professionality decreases, the observed score becomes closer to the noise instead of the true score. By adding interviewer's tendency bias to the weighed average, final interviewee's score is assumed to be observed. In this simulation, the interviewers's cores for each method are computed and then the method is considered best whose rank correlation between the method's scores and the true scores is highest. Simulation results show that when the true score is from normal distributions, z-score mean is best in general and when the true score is from Laplace distributions, z-score mean is better than rank mean in full interview system, where all interviewers meet all interviewees, and rank mean is better than z-score mean in half split interview system, where the interviewers meet only half of the interviewees. Trimmed mean is worst in general.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2013

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results of arthroscopic repair with Ulsan University - Mason Allen - Suture Bridge (UU MA SB) stitch for the full thickness rotator cuff tear. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients with full thickness rotator cuff tear underwent arthroscopic repair with UU MA SB stitch between September 2010 and December 2010. Clinical and functional evaluations were made according to Korean shoulder score (KSS), American shoulder and elbow surgeon (ASES), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), visual anabgue scale (VAS) and the range of motion. Results: The mean KSS improved from 51.4 preoperatively to 92.0 at final follow-up (p<0.05). The mean UCLA score improved from 15.07 preoperatively to 31.93 postoperatively, the mean VAS of pain during the motion was 7.2 before treatment and 0.93 at final follow-up (p<0.001). At last follow-up, the mean range of motion was improved but they had not shown statistical significance (p>0.05). Conclusion: The arthroscopic repair with UU MA SB stitch may be an effective procedure in the full thickness rotator cuff tear for pain relief and improvement of the range of motion.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.219-230
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to suggest the evaluation method, the evaluation index and items, and evaluation criteria for rational and systematic evaluation of the thalassotherapy complex site. Evaluation items and indicators are determined based on overseas cases of thalassotherapy complex, the central governments' thalassotherapy business policy, and the local governments business plan. 3 major evaluation items, 8 middle evaluation items, 5 small evaluation items and 26 evaluation indexes are selected as evaluation items. The evaluation criterion for each evaluation index is then determined. As per the evaluation process, first, weights are assigned to the evaluation items by an evaluation committee composed of experts. Secondly, each committee member assigns a weight and a score to each evaluation indicator for evaluation score calculation. This score is then multiplied by the weight of the evaluation item to determine the final score for each evaluation index. The ultimate scores of all the evaluation indexes are then added to the evaluation score of each committee member. Lastly, the arithmetic mean of the evaluation scores of all committee members becomes the final evaluation result of a site.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.78-87
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• 2021

Objective : Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has been widely used during spine surgery to reduce or prevent neurologic deficits, however, its application to the surgical management for cervical myelopathy remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the success rate of IONM in patients with cervical myelopathy and to investigate the factors associated with successful baseline monitoring and the effect of increasing the stimulation intensity by focusing on motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Methods : The data of 88 patients who underwent surgery for cervical myelopathy with IONM between January 2016 and June 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The success rate of baseline MEP monitoring at the initial stimulation of 400 V was investigated. In unmonitorable cases, the stimulation intensity was increased to 999 V, and the success rate final MEP monitoring was reinvestigated. In addition, factors related to the success rate of baseline MEP monitoring were investigated using independent t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, chi-squared test, and Fisher's exact probability test for statistical analysis. The factors included age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, smoking history, symptom duration, Torg-Pavlov ratio, space available for the cord (SAC), cord compression ratio (CCR), intramedullary increased signal intensity (SI) on magnetic resonance imaging, SI length, SI ratio, the Medical Research Council (MRC) grade, the preoperative modified Nurick grade and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score. Results : The overall success rate for reliable MEP response was 52.3% after increasing the stimulation intensity. No complications were observed to be associated with increased intensity. The factors related to the success rate of final MEP monitoring were found to be SAC (p<0.001), CCR (p<0.001), MRC grade (p<0.001), preoperative modified Nurick grade (p<0.001), and JOA score (p<0.001). The cut-off score for successful MEP monitoring was 5.67 mm for SAC, 47.33% for the CCR, 3 points for MRC grade, 2 points for the modified Nurick grade, and 12 points for the JOA score. Conclusion : Increasing the stimulation intensity could significantly improve the success rate of baseline MEP monitoring for unmonitorable cases at the initial stimulation in cervical myelopathy. In particular, the SAC, CCR, MRC grade, preoperative Nurick grade and JOA score may be considered as the more important related factors associated with the success rate of MEP monitoring. Therefore, the degree of preoperative neurological functional deficits and the presence of spinal cord compression on imaging could be used as new detailed criteria for the application of IONM in patients with cervical myelopathy.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.209-215
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate clinical results of autologous osteochondral graft in osteochondral lesions of the talus. Materials and Methods: Twenty feet in twenty patients underwent osteochondral autologous transfer in the osteochondral lesions of the talus. Sixteen were men and four were women. The mean age was 40.8 years old. The mean follow up was 2 years 9 months. Eighteen cases were medial, one case was lateral and one case was both, respectively. The average duration of symptom was 4 years 3 months. AOFAS ankle/hindfoot score (AOFAS score), visual analogue scale (VAS), Lysholm knee score were evaluated preoperatively and at the final follow up. Results: Postoperative AOFAS score was 87.3 (range, 69-100), which was significantly improved from preoperative AOFAS score of 62.0 (p=0.000). Postoperative VAS was 2.9 (range, 0-7), which was significantly improved from preoperative VAS of 7.5 (p=0.000). Postoperative Lysholm knee score was 92.4 (range, 80-100). All osteotomy of medial malleolus was united by the 4th month after surgery. Postoperative VAS was conversely correlated with the follow up period (p=0.024). There was no complications associated with surgery. Conclusion: Autologous osteochondral grafts in osteochondral lesion of the talus demonstrated excellent results with a short-term follow up.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2008

To prevent musculoskeletal disorders(MSD) for dental hygiene students, who will potentially be at high risk of developing MSD while performing oral prophylaxis practice, an MSD prevention education program was designed and was offered to a group of dental hygiene students to find whether the program is effective. Before the program started and three months after the program ended, changes in the students' posture were filmed to observe them. The final subjects for analysis included 30 students in the experimental group and 41 students in the control group. To verify differences between the experimental and the control groups, repeated measures ANOVA was carried out before and after the program. After the education program, the experimental group's RULA scores for neck, left upper arm, right forearm, and wrist, RULA A score on both left and right side, RULA B score on left side, and total RULA score were significantly lowered during the operation on the upper jaw, compared with that of the control group. And, during the operation on the lower jaw, the experimental group's RULA A score, RULA B score, and total RULA score were very significantly lowered. The results of this study suggest the MSD prevention education program is effective in preventing the disorder. Thus, the program can be utilized as an education program for preventing MSDs during dental hygiene students' oral prophylaxis practice and clinical practice.