• 폴리머
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.574-578
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 고리화합물인 카프로락톤으로부터 2-hydroxyethyl acylate(2-HEA)를 개시제로 사용하여 caprolactone modified hydroxy acrylate(CHA)를 합성한 후, hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer(HDT)와 축중합을 통해 카프로락톤 변성 우레탄 아크릴레이트(UA) 올리고머를 합성하였다. 카프로락톤과 2-HEA의 몰비에 따른 CHA의 분자량은 수산가를 이용하여 계산되었으며, 계산된 분자량은 이론분자량과 거의 일치하였다. UA 올리고머의 점도는 2-HEA 대한 CHA의 함량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. UA 올리고머와 반응형 희석제를 광개시제와 함께 광경화한 후, 형성된 경화필름의 내열성 및 내열 변색성을 측정하였다. 경화필름의 가교밀도가 증가할수록 내열성 및 내열변색성이 우수하였으나 가교밀도가 증가할수록 경도는 증가하지만, 신율은 상대적으로 감소하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

This study was conducted to provide design data for deciding covering method in double layers greenhouse. The variation of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) and heat flow in air inflated and conventional double layers greenhouse was analyzed. The PPF of air inflated double covering greenhouse was less than that of conventional greenhouse during summer season because the more PPF comes into conventional greenhouse through roof vent which was rolled up for ventilation. The air inflated double layers covering greenhouse was superior to conventional type in the aspect of controlling inside temperature down owing to lower irradiation. The PPF of air inflated greenhouse was greater than that of conventional greenhouse during winter season because the transmittance of conventional greenhouse decreased by dust collected on inside plastic film nearly closed for insulation. Considering the PPF not sufficient for tomato growing in winter, the air inflated double covering system with the greater transmittance was better than conventional covering system. When the inside air of air inflated greenhouse was injected into space between the double layers of covering, the PPF of air inflated greenhouse was much less than the conventional greenhouse because the transmittance of air inflated double covering decreased due to condensation of highly humidified inside air. It was concluded that the more dried outside air should be used for inflating double layers covering. The heat insulation performance of air inflated double covering system was superior to conventional double covering system when comparing the overall heat transfer coefficients for each covering method. However the differences among the overall heat transfer coefficients depending on difference between inside and outside temperatures of greenhouse were great, it is necessary to conduct additional experiment for investigating the overall heat transfer coefficient to design the double layers covering.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1996년도 The 9th KACG Technical Annual Meeting and the 3rd Korea-Japan EMGS (Electronic Materials Growth Symposium)
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• pp.5-18
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• 1996

The solid state cesium ion source os alumino-silicate based zeolite which contains cerium. The material is an ionic conductor. Cesiums are stably stored in the material and one can extract the cesiums by applying electric field across the electrolyte. Cesium ion bombardment has the unique property of producing high negative ion yield. This ion source is used as the primary source for the production of a negative ion without any gas discharge or the need for a carrier gas. The deposition of materials as an ionic species in the energy range of 1.0 to 300eV is recently recognized as a very promising new thin film technique. This energetic non-thermal equilibrium deposition process produces films by “Kinetic Bonding / Energetic Condensation" mechansim not governed by the common place thermo-mechanical reaction. Under these highly non-equilibrium conditions meta-stable materials are realized and the negative ion is considered to be an optimum paeticle or tool for the purpose. This process differs fundamentally from the conventional ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) technique such that the ion beam energy transfer to the deposition process is directly coupled the process. Since cesium ion beam sputter deposition process is forming materials with high kinetic energy of metal ion beams, the process provider following unique advantages:(1) to synthesize non thermal-equilibrium materials, (2) to form materials at lower processing temperature than used for conventional chemical of physical vapor deposition, (3) to deposit very uniform, dense, and good adhesive films (4) to make higher doposition rate, (5) to control the ion flux and ion energy independently. Solid state cesium ion beam sputter deposition system has been developed. This source is capable of producing variety of metal ion beams such as C, Si, W, Ta, Mo, Al, Au, Ag, Cr etc. Using this deposition system, several researches have been performed. (1) To produce superior quality amorphous diamond films (2) to produce carbon nitirde hard coatings(Carbon nitride is a new material whose hardness is comparable to the diamond and also has a very high thermal stability.) (3) to produce cesiated amorphous diamond thin film coated Si surface exhibiting negative electron affinity characteristics. In this presentation, the principles of solid state cesium ion beam sputter deposition and several applications of negative metal ion source will be introduced.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.469-474
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• 2015

In ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition, a precursor solution is evaporated by an ultrasonic atomizer, then gas-carried into a furnace where the solute is separated from the water vapor. After condensation, polymerization, and nucleation, the solute oxide forms a thin film. To improve the deposition efficiency, the ultrasonic atomizer was studied to optimize the evaporated gas flow. The vat cover was redesigned, using three versions with different inlet factors being tested through a computational fluid dynamic analysis as well as a water evaporation experiment. The atomization rate with a hemispherical cover with a $30^{\circ}$ inlet was found to be 2.4 times higher than that with the original. This improvement was verified with fluorine-doped tin oxide spray pyrolysis deposition. The film obtained with the modified vat cover was 2.4 times thicker than that obtained with the original vat cover.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.531-538
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• 2004

균일한 표면에서 일어나는 가파른 계단형식의 흡착에 대한 연구는 이차원 현상에 대한 이해를 한층 높일 수 있다. 이를 위해 편광변조 타원해석법을 이용한 흡착측정장치를 제작하였다. 타원해석법 신호가 흡착막 형성의 과정을 원자층 이하 (∼0.3 $\AA$)로 매우 예민하게 측정할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. HOPG (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite) 표면에서의 아르곤의 흡착 다층막을 측정한 결과, 34.04 K에서는 수천여개의 흡착층이 형성되어 완전 젖음이 일어남을 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 67.05 K에서는 선명한 계단 형식으로 일어나는 9개의 흡착과 탈착을 확인할 수 있었다. 이에서 얻은 등온흡착곡선들은 많은 열역학적 상태에 관한 정보, 표면과 기체의 결합에너지에 대한 정보, 흡착막의 구조전이에 대한 정보 등을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.399-403
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• 2006

현재 넓은 표면적과 메조기공 뿐만 아니라 $TiO_2$의 넓은 band gap과 그 광학 활성 등으로 인하여 크게 각광받고 있는 메조포러스 $TiO_2$ 박막을 합성하기 위해 여러 가지 합성방법이 제시되고 있으나, 그 합성이 습도나 온도 등의 여러조건에 따라 크게 영향을 받아 재현성이 떨어진다는 치명적인 문제점이 제기되어 왔다. 이는 합성 용액 내에서 $TiO_2$ 전구체가 가수분해 및 축합반응을 하면서 구조유도체와의 자기조립에 의한 나노구조물 형성하는 과정에서 $TiO_2$의 전구체가 온도나 습도 등 주변의 영향을 많이 받기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 2차원 구조의 메조기공을 가진 $TiO_2$ 박막을 재현성 있게 얻을 수 있는 실험 조건을 찾고자 하였다. 이를 위해 촉매인 HCl과 $TiO_2$ 전구체의 몰비 그리고 $TiO_2$ 전구체와 P-123의 몰비 등의 합성 조건뿐 아니라 코팅과정 도중이나 이후의 습도와 온도가 미치는 영향에 대한 실험을 수행하였고 그 특성을 XRD와 TEM 등으로 분석하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.366-373
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• 2015

Sol-gel binder was prepared by hydrolysis and condensation reaction using boehmite sol and methyltrimethoxysilane as a function of aging-time. The coating slurry was composed of a plate-shape alumina in the sol-gel binder for the EPD process, in which particles dispersed in the slurry were deposited on the electrode under an electric field due to the surface charge. We studied the effects of three parameters: the content of boehmite, the aging time, and the applied voltage, on the physical, thermal, and electrical properties of the hybrid composite films by EPD. The amount of boehmite was 10 ~ 20 wt% and the aging time was 0.5 ~ 72, with a fixed amount of plate-shape alumina of 10 wt%. The condition of applied voltage was 5 ~ 30 V with a distance of 2 cm between the electrode during the EPD process. We confirmed that a structure of hybrid composite films of well-ordered plate alumina was deposited on the substrate when the film was prepared using a sol-gel binder composed of 15 wt% boehmite with 1 hr aging time and EPD at 10 V. The process shows a weight loss of 7% at $500^{\circ}C$ in TGA and a breakdown voltage of 8 kV at $87{\mu}m$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.1451-1456
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• 2012

A novel tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-based main-chain polymer (6TTF-polymer) was successfully synthesized via a condensation polymerization between a newly synthesized dihydroxy TTF derivative and a malonyl chloride, and its chemical structure was characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Molecular weight of the 6TTF-polymer (9,030 g/mol by gel permeation chromatography) was large enough to form the ductile film. The electrochemical and optical properties of the 6TTF-polymer were further estimated by cyclic voltammetry, ultraviolet and photoluminescence spectroscopes. The highest occupied molecular orbital level ($E_{HOMO}$=-4.79 eV) and band-gap energy ($E_g$=1.91 eV) of the 6TTF-polymer suggested that TTF-based polymer could act as a good electron donating material for the optoelectronic applications.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.222-225
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• 2011

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films were fabricated on Pt/Ti/$SiO_2$/Si substrate by the sol-gel method using a sol containing poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). PVP in alkoxide solutions can suppress the condensation reaction in gel films during heat treatment, and increase the viscosity of alkoxide solutions. Single-phase PZT films as thick as 1 ${\mu}m$ were deposited by repetitive coating with successive third-step heat treatments at 150$^{\circ}C$, 350$^{\circ}C$ and 650$^{\circ}C$. After heat treatment, the films were crack free, and optically transparent. As a result, we demonstrated a PZT film with a PVP molar ratio of 0.5, which has a permittivity of 734, a dielectric loss of 0.042, a $P_r$ of 40.5 ${\mu}C/cm^2$ and an $E_c$ of 156 kV/cm.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2008

Paper stock could be situated in a cooled environment seasonally and/or regionally otherwise it is stored in a controlled warehouse. In this paper, printing problems on a cooled paper are investigated and characterized in terms of paper properties. For this purpose, various kinds of sample are cooled down under a specially designed freezing device and printed for observing their printability. Causes for poor ink transfer on a cooled paper are suggested due to condensation, surface inactivity, and rheological change in ink film. Paperboards with higher amount of binder, thick and/or multi-coated layers are more vulnerable to poor ink trap. Severe drying of wet coating could cause a similar result as that of the coatings with higher binder formulation. It is shown that more absorptive porous structure is desirable for better ink receptivity in a cooled status. Printing on a dampened surface may be an indicator for ink transferability on a cooled paper. Finally, desirable directions for papermaker and printshop are suggested.