• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.797-818
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• 2022

Steel-precast ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) composite beams with demountable high-strength friction-grip bolt (HSFGB) shear connectors can be used for accelerated bridge construction (ABC) and achieve excellent structural performance, which is expected to be dismantled and recycled at the end of the service life. However, no investigation focuses on the demountability and reusability of such composite beams, as well as the installation difficulties during construction. To address this issue, this study conducted twelve push-out tests to investigate the effects of assembly condition, bolt grade, bolt-hole clearance, infilling grout and pretension on the crack pattern, failure mode, load-slip/uplift relationship, and the structural performance in terms of ultimate shear strength, friction resistance, shear stiffness and slip capacity. The experimental results demonstrated that the presented composite beams exhibited favorable demountability and reusability, in which no significant reduction in strength (less than 3%) and stiffness (less than 5%), but a slight improvement in ductility was observed for the reassembled specimens. Employing oversized preformed holes could ease the fabrication and installation process, yet led to a considerable degradation in both strength and stiffness. With filling the oversized holes with grout, an effective enhancement of the strength and stiffness can be achieved, while causing a difficulty in the demounting of shear connectors. On the basis of the experimental results, more accurate formulations, which considered the effect of bolt-hole clearance, were proposed to predict the shear strength as well as the load-slip relationship of HSFGBs in steel-precast UHPC composite beams.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

Backgrounds: Pain management is one of the most important factors affecting the success of pediatric dentistry. Therefore, new needle- and pain-free local anesthesia techniques have been developed in parallel with technological advancements. The purpose of this study is to compare the pain perception and dental anxiety levels associated with a needle-free injection system (Comfort-in^TM) and the classic needle method during treatment-required infiltration anesthesia in children. Methods: This randomized controlled crossover split-mouth clinical study included 94 children who required dental treatment with local anesthesia using a dental needle or needle-free injection system for the bilateral primary molars. The Wong-Baker Scale (WBS) was used to measure pain perception at different times, and the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS) was used to measure the anxiety level of the child. A statistical software package was used to process the data. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the needle-free injection system and dental needle method during the induction stage for filling and pulpotomy (P > 0.05). "Pain on postoperative 1st day" was similar in both types of anesthesia (P = 0.750). Conclusions: The needle-free injection system was as effective as the dental needle method. The Comfort-in^TM system was an acceptable alternative for patients during the postoperative period. Understanding how pain management may be provided during local anesthesia administration and a child's fear and anxiety regarding the dentist may lead to better dental compliance.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 1980

참깨의 만기재배시 개화 및 등숙특성을 알고자 품종 $\ulcorner$수원 9호$\lrcorner$를 6월 19일과 7월 3일 2회에 걸쳐 1kg/10a의 파종량으로 휴입조파하였다. 개화기에 각 파종익별로 5주를 선정하여 절위별 개화진전 및 성숙과정과 엽의 황화 및 삭의 열개를 조사하였으며, 7/3 파종구에서는 개화시부터 5일 간격으로 매회40주씩 개화절위에 표식하여 이들로부터 5주씩 선정 5일 간격으로 표식된 절위의 삭에 대하여 길이, 굵기, 종실수, 삭 및 종실의 건물중 및 삭의 수분함량을 조사하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 최초 개화는 파종후 37~40일 부터 시작되었고 절위별 개화완료 소요 일수는 6/19 파종구에서 1.78일, 7/3 파종구에서 1.56일로 파종이 늦어짐에 따라 단축되었다. 2. 삭의 길이 및 굵기는 개화후 10 일경에 완성되었으며 종실수는 15 일경에 결정되었으나, 종실중은 개화후 15일부터 증가하기 시작하여 35 일경에 최대에 달하였다. 3. 평균기온 $20^{\circ}C$ 이하 및 엽의 50%가 황화되었을 때부터 종실중의 증가가 중지되었다.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examines the factors that the Millennials and Gen Z prefers to invest in assets. We look at the asset structure they want now and in the future and the idea of designing the future. This can be expected that the center of Korea's asset market will change to the structure they want in the future. Research design, data and methodology: The spatial extent of the study is all over Korea including Seoul, the metropolitan area, and local cities. The survey was conducted for about 16 days from May 7 to May 22, 2023. The survey was conducted by the surveyor visiting the subject in person, distributing the questionnaire, explaining it, and filling it out in person. For the analysis, descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were conducted using the SPSS 25.0 statistical package. Results: It was confirmed that the preferred assets of the Millennials and Gen Z were different by period. There was also a difference in the influencing factors between Millennial Generation and Generation Z in asset preference. Conclusions: The Millennials and Gen Z's preferred assets were different by period. The reason is interpreted as the current process of collecting assets during the asset formation period. In the future, they intend to purchase real estate assets by using financial assets as a lump sum of money. We learned the characteristics of the entire Millennials and Gen Z, in addition, the difference between income and assets is believed to have affected the difference in preference factors of Millennial Generation and Generation Z, respectively.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

모래 치환법은 현장에서 다짐된 흙의 밀도를 구하기 위하여 사용되는 보편적인 방법으로 검증용 용기와 현장 시험 구멍의 크기 또는 체적이 서로 비슷하여 모래가 쌓이는 과정이 비슷하다는 가정에 기초하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 모래 치환법에서 모래가 현장 시험 구멍에 채워지는 과정을 실내에서 재현하여 모래가 쌓이는 과정이 계산되는 밀도에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 다양한 모양을 가진 시험 구멍을 제작하여 시험 구멍의 체적을 모래 치환법으로 구하였으며, 모래 종류에 따른 영향을 알아보기 위하여 입자 크기가 다른 세 종류의 모래를 사용하여 모래 치환법을 실시하였다. 실제 밀도와 모래 치환법을 이용하여 계산된 밀도 사이의 오차는 사용한 모래의 종류에 따라 상당한 차이를 나타내었다. 하지만 시험 구멍의 바닥 형태나 사용한 모래의 종류에 관계없이 시험 구멍의 깊이가 깊어질수록 계산되는 밀도의 오차는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 모래 치환법에 의한 흙의 밀도 시험 방법을 재평가하고 개정할 수 있는 기초 자료를 마련하였다.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.93-110
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• 2018

Due to its speciality, Johannesburg has drawn wide attention from the international academia, which the existing urban theory cannot easily explain. This paper focuses on the spatial pattern of Johannesburg, and finds that it is highly fragmented: first North-South Division due to apartheid and gold mining, secondly, the continuous sprawl due to population densification, and thirdly formation of city-region due to the fill-in spatial policy. The fragmented spatial pattern undermines the social integration and weakens the potential economic sustainability, which make the balanced multi-core spatial pattern inevitable under the influence of the international planning thought. The Johannesburg's spatial transformation comes not only from social integration, but also from the development vison of world-class status of an African city. In reality, since the collapse of apartheid, the municipal government has released series of strategic planning in different executive phase. These different plannings unanimously focus on the world class status although since 2008, the social inclusiveness is more emphasized. Thus, Johannesburg implements some spatial policies, as promoting the corridor of freedom, identifying the key nodes in the city then developing with high density, implementing the in-filling policy, managing the urban growth boundary, effectively preserving the natural system. However, the industrial structure in Johannesburg is already quite high-ended which cannot produce many jobs and also require much investment in advanced infrastructure. Thus, the strategic goals of world-class status of an African city and social inclusiveness which really need widely shared public services to some extent are in tension. After evaluation, we can see that spatial transformation is quite limited. Obviously spatial transformation largely depends on the social-economy. The population is still in flow. In this sense Johannesburg must energetically support the employment-based industry, effectively control the spatial sprawl and carry out institutional innovation which further incentive investment, gradually build an integrated regional governance. In general, how Johannesburg combines globalization and its own condition is still worth thinking in both theory and practice.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제3권
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• pp.37-42
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• 2001

고려 현종 10년(1020)에 조성된 현화사지 석등은 풍화가 심해 1986년에 국립 중앙 박물관의 수장고에 해체 보관되어 왔다. 현화사지 석등은 고려시대 문화의 전성기에 나타나는 세련된 조형미와 아름다움을 잘 보여주는 예로, 일반에게 전시 공개하기 위하여 긴급 보존처리를 행하였다. 현화사지 석등은 보존처리는 이전처리에 사용되었던 재료의 제거, 탈락 부분의 접합, 결실 부분의 복원, 세척과 마감 채색의 순서로 처리 완료하였다. 현화사지 석등은 야외에 노출되어 전시되기 때문에 추후의 지속적인 보존과 관리가 필요하다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.1119-1142
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• 2012

This article examines how Cuban-American writer Cristina García interweaves all possible experiences of Cubans through Dreaming in Cuban in terms of Bakhtin's concepts of heteroglosssia, hybridization, and the chronotope. In so doing, it reaffirms the applicability of these concepts as tools for interpreting speech genres while reevaluating and reexamining the novel in terms of Bakhtinian narratology. García identifies a sociopolitical cacophony in both America and Cuba from an open-minded perspective, striving to maintain a balance between them despite undesirable experiences with her patriotic mother and individuals in the Miami community where she worked as a journalist. In practice, she projects sociopolitical ideas onto her heroines' depictions, representing their consciousnesses in a process of interaction with others. In particular, García allows her three generations of heroines, Celia del Pino, her daughters Lourdes and Felicia, and her granddaughter Pilar Puente to live as staunchly political figures. In this way, García creates a unique novelistic situation by opposing or juxtaposing all aspects of her heroines and pitting them in a dynamic interaction with their environments. As they repeatedly tease, contradict, refute, and do battle with each other, her heroines expose various problems with the sociopolitical ideologies in both the Cuban and American contexts. García succeeds in her attempt by introducing Bakhtin's model of the "becoming" hero and depicting her heroines in dynamic interaction without her own interference. In particular, the devouring inner monologues of Pilar and her Cuban aunt Felicia are presented as the products of their extraordinarily developed self-consciousnesses, through which García attempts a multilateral approach of showing, rather than telling, her heroines' interactive inner worlds as well as introducing sociopolitical contexts. Generic factors such as epistles, diary entries, and ads copy are hybridized into Celia's and Lourdes' stories, serving the heroines' interactive contexts while filling in the many narrative gaps that result from the approach to Cuban and American history. The Bakhtinian perspective permits the interpretation that this generic hybridization enables García to cover narrative gaps resulting from the expansion of chronotopes.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.49-69
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• 2011

기업 간 제휴 활동과 관련된 많은 연구 성과에도 불구하고 경쟁 기업보다 우월한 제휴 관계를 형성하기 위한 구체적 역량과 이러한 역량이 기업의 반응과 제휴 성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 부족한 상황이다. 본 연구는 경쟁기업보다 우월한 제휴 성과를 달성할 수 있는 기업의 역량을 제휴 지향성(alliance orientation)으로 정의하고 제휴 관련 기업을 대상으로 자료를 수집하여 제휴 창의성과 제휴 관계 성과와의 관계를 살펴보았다. 본 연구는 다음과 같은 시사점을 제공해 준다. 첫째, 제휴 지향성을 통해 형성할 수 있는 제휴 창의성은 참신적 제휴 창의성에 한정된다는 것이다. 둘째, 제휴 지향성과 제휴 성과와의 관계에 있어 제휴 창의성의 매개적 역할은 제휴 성과 촉진을 위한 제휴 창의성의 역할 강조를 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 셋째, 제휴 지향성과 기업 성과와의 관계에 있어 제휴 관계 성과의 매개적 역할을 확인하였다는 것이다. 넷째, 제휴지향성이 기업 성과에 미치는 영향의 실질적 검증을 통해 기업 내부에서 보다 우월한 제휴 성과를 성취하기 위한 내부적 역량 강화에 대한 지침을 제공할 수 있다는 것이다. 연구 결과를 통해 성공적인 제휴 성과를 획득하기 위한 기업의 내부 역량으로서의 제휴 지향성과 제휴 창의성 그리고 제휴 관계 성과의 역할을 파악할 수 있었다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2023

막 축전식 탈염 공정(membrane capacitive deionization, MCDI)은 이온교환막을 다공성 전극과 함께 사용하여 탈염 효율을 향상시킬 수 있는 CDI 공정의 변형이다. 이온교환막은 MCDI의 성능에 큰 영향을 미치는 핵심 구성요소이다. 본 연구에서는 MCDI의 탈염 효율을 크게 향상시킬 수 있는 이온교환막의 최적 제조 인자를 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 PE 다공성 필름의 세공에 단량체를 충진하고 in-situ 광중합을 진행하여 세공충진 이온교환막(pore-filled ion-exchange membranes, PFIEMs)을 제조하였다. 실험 결과, 제조된 PFIEMs은 다양한 탈염 및 에너지 변환 공정에 적용할 수 있는 수준의 우수한 전기화학적 특성을 나타내었다. 또한, MCDI 성능과 막 특성 인자와의 상관성 분석을 통해 막의 가교도를 제어하여 막의 전기적 저항이 충분히 낮은 범위에서 이온 선택 투과성을 최대화하는 것이 MCDI의 성능 향상을 위해 가장 바람직한 막제조 조건이라는 결론을 얻었다.