• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2000

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate agronomic characteristics, forage quality and dry matter yield of Korean native wild hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth) and introduced vetch(Vicia) cultivars from Australia. Seeds were sown on 29 August 1998 and 29 September 1999 at the Livestock Experiment Farm, Keimyung College, Kyeongsan, Kyeongbuk. Vetch plants were harvested on 14 November 1998 and 5 May 1999 and 29 April 2000. 'Haymaker plus' and 'Cappelo woolly pod' (Vicia villosa ssp. dasycarpa(Ten.) Eav.) were higher than 'Namoi' (Vicia villosa ssp. dasycarpa(Ten.) Eav.) in winter survival and 'Popany' (Vicia benghalensis L.) and 'Victa' (Vicia sativa L.) did not overwinter from 1998 to 1999. 'Haymaker plus', 'Cappelo woolly pod', 'Namoi', Korean native wild hairy vetch and Chinese milk vetch were overwintered from 1999 to 2000, except 'Aneto common' (Vicia sativa L.). Fifty percent flowering was observed 23 April for 'Namoi', 24 April for 'Cappelo woolly pod' and 26 April for 'Haymaker plus' from 1998 to 1999. In 1999~2000, fifty percent flowering was observed 12 April for 'Namoi' and 'Cappelo woolly pod', 14 April for 'Haymaker plus', 23 April for Chinese milk, 30 April for 'Aneto common' and Korean native wild hairy vetch. Dry matter yield per hectare was significantly higher(p<0.05) for 'Haymaker plus', 'Cappelo' and 'Namoi' than 'Popany' and 'Vicata' from 1998 to 1999. In 1999-2000, dry matter yield per hectare was higher(p<0.05) for 'Namoi', 'Haymaker plus', 'Cappelo woolly pod' and Korean native wild hairy vetch than Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) and 'Aneto common'. CP content was relatively high, but Chinese milk vetch and 'Aneto common' were lower than other cultivars. ADF(acid deterguent fiber) was low in Chinese milk vetch, but between the other cultivars were similar. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that 'Haymaker plus' would be recommendable for fall sown vetch for dry matter production.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.781-793
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the stress level and health-related behaviors of nurses and to provide basic information for developing educational programs in the health care field. The subjects of this study were 197 nurses and 94 nursing assistants working at hospitals in the Kyung-nam area. A survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire in November, 2002. The results were as follows : The average age and work experience of the subjects were 26.9 and 5.6 years, respectively. The number of respondents in the shift and non-shift operations was equally distributed. The mean height and weight were 161.2 cm and 52.7 kg, respectively. Even though the average body mass index (BMI) and obesity index were normal in the subjects, 9.2% of the subjects were overweight/obese, while 28.9% of the subjects were under weight, according to the obesity index. The mean score of stress was 27.5 \pm$\pm$ 4.6 out of 50 points. Most of the subjects were highly stressed about the amount of their work, problems regarding their future, and relationships with their superiors. With regard to changes in food intake due to stress, 44.1% showed an increased intake, while 32.3% showed a reduced intake. The degree of health consciousness of the married nurses, those over 36 years of age, and those with over 10 years of nursing experience was significantly higher than that of the unmarried nurses, those under 35 years of age, and those with under 10 years of nursing experience (p<0.01). Fifty-one point three percent of the subjects thought their health status was unhealthy. Fifty-seven percent of the subjects had tried weight control. Their main reason for trying weight control was to have a slender figure (62.3%), and their methods of weight control were moderation in intake(45.6%), exercise and dieting (36.9%). TV/radio (49.5%) and newspaper/magazines (47.1%) were the primary sources of nutritional and health information for the subjects, and professional (25.1%) and the internet (13.4%) were ranked relatively highly. The food components of most concern to the subjects during meal time were (in order of importance) fats (51.9%), calories (40.2%) and salt (35.1%). The subjects considered 'taking a rest' (73.5%) as the most important factor in maintaining an optimal health status, followed by self-relaxation (56.4%), moderation in diet (39.5), bathing or using a sauna (25.7%) and exercising (22.7%).

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.449-460
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate gruel intake, preference and opinions about gruel development to produce new products for breakfast. The subjects of this study were 307 adults in Chungju city. People who favored gruels were 212(69.5%) and 50.2% of the subjects liked the gruel because of good digestion and absorption. They liked midium thick or thin gruel and also liked grain granules with some stuff as contents. The gruels often taken were abalone gruel(45.9%), pumpkin gruel(41.7%), chicken gruel(34.9%), vegetable gruel(33.6%), beef and mushroom gruel(30.3%) etc. in order. The frequency of gruel intake was 1-2 times/year and 59.6% of subjects got gruels from the special gruel restaurant. People who need gruels most were patients, indigestible person, the elderly, weaning babies, workers and students missing breakfast in order. Sesame taste obtained the highest score of all, that of bitter taste was significantly higher in over fifty year old people (p<0.05), and hot taste score was significantly higher in 30-40 year old people (p<0.01). The gruels preferred most were abalone gruel, pumpkin gruel, chicken gruel, beef and mushroom gruel, vegetable gruel, red bean gruel, pine nut gruel, egg gruel, sesame gruel, plain grain gruel etc. in order. Fifty seven percent of subjects wanted to develope new gruels fortified nutrients. In conclusion, when the substitute gruel for breakfast is developed, it is better to use food materials to be easy to digest, to have grain granules with some stuff inside and to be sesame taste.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 2002

Purpose: To evaluate clinical characteristics of soft-tissue masses around the foot Materials and Methods: Sixty seven cases of soft tissue masses around the foot, excised at Kang Dong Sacred Heart hospital from Jan. 1987 to Oct. 2000, were included in the study. The age and sex of the patient, location and size of the lesion, history of trauma, presence or absence of pain and neurological symptoms as wellas final pathological diagnosis were obtained from retrospective analysis. Results: For type of lesion, all lesions were benign. Ganglion was 23 cases, epidermal inclusion cyst was 10 cases, lipoma was 8 cases, hemangioma was 5 cases and fibroma was 4 cases. For age, 63 percent of the patients were either between the ages of twenty and thirty nine or between the ages of fifty and fifty nine. For sex, the male-to-female ratio was 1 to 1.4. For zones of the foot, 18 cases were in Zone 1, 17 in Zone 4, 12 in Zone 2, 12 in Zone 3 and 8 in Zone 5. For clinical finding, 18 cases had pain. Conclusion: Ganglion was the most common lesions, followed in order of frequency by epidermal inclusion cyst, lipoma, hemangioma and fibroma. Lesions occurred frequently at Edward and Michael Zone 1, 4 and pain was the most common symptom.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1204-1212
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• 1990

Recent social and medical developments have significantly changed both the concept of death and the criteria for its pronouncement. Instead of considering. the heart as central to the determination for death, it is now prevalent to use death of the brain as adequate for death regardless of cardiac function in most western countries. But the brain death theory is not yet legally accepted despite growing public interest in our country due mainly to customary and moral reasons. Subsequently heart transplantation, which necessitates the concept of brain death, still remains a possible surgical entity in the future. As a part of endeavor the evaluate social atmosphere for the legal acceptance of the concept of brain death and the availability of potential heart donors, a four-page questionnaire on brain death and cardiac transplantation was given to the sophomore students of a medical college in Seoul[n=116, group I] and their family members[n=83, group II ]. The groups were chosen under the assumptions that they lacked sophisticated medical knowledge but had general medical interest so reliable data could be obtained. The majority of respondents in both group I and II thought that they knew the concept of brain death[group I 99.1%, group II 93.3%] and the definition of heart transplantation[group I 94%, group II 67.6%] at least to some extent, but only a small proportion of them was proven to have correct knowledge: brain death[74.4%, group II 39. 8%], heart transplantation[group I 31.9%, group II 30.1%]. Most respondents answered in the affirmative for the legal approval of brain death[group I 87.8%, group Il 97.9%]. The possibility of medical usage of brain dead organs was the biggest reason for brain death[group I 52.9%, group Il 47.9%]. Ninety-one percent of group I and 89.1 percent of group II responded that they were willing to give permission for donating the heart of brain-dead family members. Fifty-nine percent of group I and 51.9 percent of group II wanted their own heart donated. These results suggest, despite some inherent sampling limitations, that favorable responses to brain death and heart transplantation can be obtained among the general public if they are properly informed.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.109-129
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was the acquisition of the optimum scale of the apportionment of standard & high-class bed for the maximum profit representative of the desire of customers in a General Hospital with 1,100 beds located in Seoul. This investigation was proceeded by the analysis of the result of the simulation with the survey of both the patients' needs for bed and the degree of the medical service by the grade of the ward. And finally the consequence was obtained as follows: 1. The result of the investigation of the inpatients' preference for the grade of ward classes shows that a private ward reflected 4.3 percent, a semi-private ward 1.7 percent, a three-bed ward 0.1 percent, and a ward with six beds 93.9 percent each other. 2. A questionnaire poll was paralleled of service terms of a medical doctor and a nurse by ward class, the data were used for the standard of the allotment of labor cost by the ward class. The poll shows that the service tenn of a medical doctor and a nurse based on a ward with six beds by ward class showed 1.7 times in internal medicine and 1.9 times in surgery at a private ward; 1.4 times in internal medicine and 1.7 times in surgery at a semi-private room; and 1.2 times both in internal medicine and in surgery at a three-bed ward 3. The resultant findings revealed the most profit per bed and per patient in a private ward. However, an analysis of profit with a standard of unit area by ward class represented a higher profit in both the internal medicine and the surgery semi-private ward than other ward classes. 4. The result of the analysis through simulation based on the data of the prime cost per the ward class proved the optimum scale of the distribution of beds by class as follows: sixteen beds of the internal medicine and twenty three beds of the surgery in the private ward; two hundreds and two of the internal medicine and one hundred and ninety eight of the surgery in the semi-private room; three of both the internal medicine and the surgery each other in the three-bed ward; one hundred and ninety eight of the internal medicine and two hundred and fifty two of the surgery in the ward with six beds. The result of this research exhibits that the income and expenditure of the hospital could be improved by changing parts of wards into private ones(containing the maximum profit per a unit of width) in case the scale of the number of beds is reset with the consideration of the profit per the unit width. In the near future it's strongly expected that the research for the more scientific standard of the allotment of labour cost by ward class and for definition of the optimum scale of the number of beds that actualize the maximum profit with the change of the three elements of the prime cost: cost of materials; labor costs; management expenses.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2007

Purpose : Child sexual abuse is a significant and serious problem that affects public health and society. Pediatricians are responsible for preventing and detecting sexual abuse of children. The aim of this study was to examine clinical findings of child sexual abuse. Methods : The authors retrospectively studied 292 patients between the ages of 0 and 18 who were referred for evaluation of sexual abuse to the Emergency Department of the National Police Hospital from Oct 1, 2001 to May 5, 2005. Results : Sixty three (21.6 percent) of sexual abuse victims were younger than 6 years of age; 89 (30.5 percent) were 6-12 years of age; and 104 (47.9 percent) were 12-18 years of age. Attack time was the most common between noon and 6 pm. Victims were attacked in their home or nearby (51.4 percent). One hundred fifty six (53.6 percent) offenders were accquaitances, thirty nine (13.4 percent) of whom were family members. The disclosure of attack by parents with abnormal physical symptoms was more common in younger children than in adolescence. Eighty nine (30.5 percent) victims had no specific physical findings, 51 percent had injury to the hymen, 37.3% had injury to external genitalia, and 4 percent had anal injury. One case of gonorrhea and thirteen cases of chlamydia were found. Sperm was found in 19 cases and acid phosphatase was positive in 28 cases. The absence of physical findings and laboratory findings was more common in younger children than in those in adolescence. The time interval from attacks to hospital visits had a significant negative correlation with age. Conclusion : For younger victims, the time interval from attack to hospital visitis was more prolonged. Victims may have no physical evidence of sexual abuse. Therefore, a careful history should be obtained and a through physical examination should be performed. Pediatricians must play a leading role in evaluation and treatment of sexually abused children, considering children,s growth and development. Coordination with other professionals is necessary to provide consultation, medical treatment, and legal assistance for the sexually abused children and families.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.1282-1286
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• 2006

Purpose : The causes of prolonged fever have changed during the years and are influenced by age, geographic location and availability of diagnostic facilities/techniques. The aim of the present study was to determine the causes of prolonged fever, to know the proportion and outcomes of undiagnosed children. Methods : We reviewed patients with fever persisting for more than 2 weeks in duration, with documented temperatures of $38^{\circ}C$ on several occasions, or uncertain diagnosis after intensive study of 1 week duration in other hospitals who were admitted to Pusan National University Hospital during the period from July 1999 to June 2004. Results : Fifty-four (59.0 percent) were boys and thirty-seven (41 percent) were girls. Forty-six cases were less than 6 years and 45 cases were more than 6 years; the mean age was $6.48{\pm}6.56years$. In 62 cases (68.1 percent), the fever had persisted for 2 to 3 weeks before admission and in 26 cases (28.6 percent), had lasted longer than a month. Final diagnosis had been reached in 66 of 91 children (72.5 percent). The most common cause was infection (38/91), followed by collagen vascular disease (12/91), immune deficiency (3/91), neoplasia (2/91), and miscellaneous disease. Tuberculosis was the most common infectious cause. The causes of fever were not revealed in 25 cases. Outcome on discharge were as follows; 77 cases (84.6 percent) were improved, 10 cases (11.0 percent) discharged without improvement and 4 cases (4.4 percent) expired. Conclusion : The most common cause of prolonged fever in Korean children remains infection, but the incidence of infection was decreased as compared with previous studies. Tuberculosis is the most common among infectious causes. As Kikuchi disease (subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis) represented a significant cause of prolonged fever, it should be considered if a patient has neutropenia with lymphadenopathy. Undiagnosed patients with prolonged fever (27.5 percent) have increased over previous studies.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 1985

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the difference of dietary compositions and environmental conditions on the growth and development of silkworm. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The more amount of soybean meal of diet was added, the more duration of the larval period was shortened. But Fifty percent increase of the amount of protein of diet leongthened the duration of larval period. 2. Fifth percent addition of the soybean meal to the diet does not influence the silkworm mortality, Whereas more than that gives rise to the adverse effect on the silkworm mortality. 3. The cocoon quality was significantly affected by the difference of dietary compesition. 4. In the environmental condition the duration of larval period was shortened in the high temperature and the dark condition. 5. The silkworm mortality was increased in the high temperature and the light condition. 6. The cocoon quality was significantly affected in the high temperature and the dark condition.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.453-463
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• 1995

During 42 month period 91 consecutive patient underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. The mean age of these patient was 57 years [range from 28 to 78 years . There were 57 men and 34 women. The preoperative risk factors that include beyond the 50 % of total patients were male sex, obesity, hypo-high-density lipoproteinemia, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hyper-low-density lipoproteinemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension. Preoperatively 27 patients had stable angina pectoris and 39 patients of unstable angina pectoris. Twenty five patients had previous myocardial infarction history. The patterns of disease were 8 patients of single vessel involvement, 18 patients of double vessel involvement, 54 patients of triple vessel involvement and 11 patients of left main coronary artery disease. Fifty five patients were in Canadian Cardiovascular Society functional class III. Myocardial revascularization was performed under emergency conditions in 5 patients. Nine percent of patients had previous PTCA history. We performed 16 cases of sequential anastomosis, internal mammary artery harvest in 86 percent of total patients and total 284 distal anastomoses[mean 3.1 anastomosis per patient . The mean ACC time was 60.5 minutes and ECC time was mean 110 minutes. The combined surgeries were 16 cases of endarterectomy, 2 cases of LV aneurysmectomy, 1 case of Bentall operation, 1 case of repair of sinus of Valsalva, 1 case of ligation of coronary AV fistula and 1 case of excision of breast mass. The most common complication was wound infection[12 cases, 13 % . There was one hospital death due to postoperative respiratory failure and low output syndrome in patient with postinfarction VSD, LV aneurysm. Postoperative 88 patients were in Functional class I or II. The 99mTc-MIBI myocardial perfusion scan that used as evaluation of postoperative state was well correlated with patient`s symptoms instead of some disadvantages.