• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.225-233
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of muscle strength, ROM and proprioceptive function as before & after ankle taping in soccer players. For this study fifteen sports club whose had no ankle injuries were volunteered. Methode : Fifteen healthy male in soccer players participated in this study. Biodex pro system3 was used to measure isokinetic muscle strengths at $60^{\circ}$/sec angular velocity. Performances of ankle joint were measured peak torque, total work, average power, total work. To measure proprioceptive function used goniometer. Results : 1. proprioceptive sensation error were significantly differences by before & after taping(p<.05). 2. Compare of total work of dorsi flexion plantar flexion weren't significantly differences by before & after taping(p>.05). 3. Compare of average power of dorsi flexion weren't significantly differences by before & after taping(p>.05). 4. Compare average power of plantar flexion were significantly differences by before & after taping(p<.05). 5. Compare average peak torque of dorsi flexion weren't significantly differences by before & after taping(p>.05). 6. Compare average peak torque of plantar flexion were significantly differences by before & after taping(p<.05). Conclusion : Taping can have propriocetive aberrative angular measure, power & peak torque of plantar flexion were significantly differences. But, total work of dorsi flexion plantar flexion and power & peak torque of dorsi flexion weren't significantly differences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the heavy metal pollution of playgrounds of elementary schools in the Ulsan Metropolitan City. Soil pollution is one of the most dangerous problems of the utmost concern to both children and teachers. The result of this study would be an educational datum for improving children's health and establishing educational policy. Methods: For the analysis, fifteen representative schools were selected from five sample areas such as Dong-gu, Nam-gu, Jung-gu, Buk-gu and Ulju-gun of the Ulsan city. And from each school playground, soil was extracted from five spots and mingled into one sample. These fifteen samples were pretreated by the microwave extraction method, and the extracted heavy metals(As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr⁶⁺, Zn and Hg) were quantified by the ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma) system. Results: The results of the analysis shows that the level of heavy metal pollution of elementary school playgrounds in Ulsan city did not exceed the permitted limit of each heavy metal. This means that the soil pollution of playgrounds in the Ulsan Metropolitan City is not so serious as it is expected. But it should be added that the soil is not too safe to be ignored.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2001

Purpose: To investigate clinical features and treatment of os subfibulare Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study on twenty-eight patients who have symtoms associated with os subfibulare. We reviewed charts and radiographs. Thirteen patients were treated surgically and fifteen patients were treated conservatively. We analysed clinical results in 25 patients who were followed for more than one year. Results: Duration from the onset of symtoms to treatment was more than six months in twelve of thirteen surgically treated cases, and in only two of fifteen conservative treated cases. Surgical procedures were internal fixation of the os subfibulare in two patients, and resection of os subfibulare and ligament reconstructions in eleven patients. Clinical results were excellent in six, good in three and poor in two of operatively treated patients. In conservatively treated patients, five excellent, five good, one fair and one poor clinical results were obtained. Conclusion: Os subfibulare is not necessarily a cause of instability and pain, but in cases with chronic pain and/or instability, surgical treatment would result in satisfactory result.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the results of anterolateral thigh perforator free flap for reconstruction of foot and ankle in old diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Fifteen diabetic foot ulcer patients over the age of 55 were operated with anterolateral thigh perforator free flap. Hematological, hemodynamic, diabetic, bacteriologic and radiologic tests were checked with examination of blood vessel state in both the donor site and the recipient site. After surgery, serial check-up was performed at 6 week, 6 month, and 1 year postoperatively on the survival of transplantation tissue, condition of foot, and condition of walking. Results: There are one case of transplantation failure and four cases of partial tissue-necrosis. Delayed wound-healing was observed both recipient and donor tissue sites. At the final follow up, three cases of small ulcer were found at junction of flap and recipient tissue in plantar area. Fourteen out of fifteen patients could walk without any brace or walking aids. Conclusion: Reconstruction of foot and ankle region in old diabetic patients with the anterolateral thigh perforator free flap is a useful method which can prevent the amputation of foot and ankle.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.362-371
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate difficulties in using prosodic information to identify the meaning of ambiguous sentences in children with high functioning autism (HFA). Fifteen high functioning autistic children and fifteen children who matched their chronological age (CA) participated in this study. We compared the performance of the two groups by conducting syntactically and affectively ambiguous sentence comprehension (SASC and AASC) tasks. The results of this study show that in both tasks, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant at each condition and the performance of high functioning autistic children was significantly lower. In a correlation analysis of major variables, children who matched CA showed a correlation between prosody-only (PO) and AASC, while children with HFA showed a correlation between PO and MO (morpheme-only). Children with HFA used grammatical morpheme information to understand general sentences. We found that the ability to use prosodic information in children with HFA is significantly lower than that of normally developed children. Considering the relevance of prosody to linguistic, non-linguistic and emotional aspects of communication, improving prosodic perception is thought to be a way to mediate deficits in the comprehension of ambiguous sentences in children with HFA.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.289-292
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• 2004

The population of Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) in soil is very important as a primary inoculum source of bacterial wilt in tobacco fields. To investigate the population of Rs, physical properties and chemical components during the tobacco growing season, soil samples were taken from the fifteen fields which were located in the flue-cured tobacco growing area, Ansung, Kyunggi province and Wonju, Kangwon province. Two fields of the fifteen were bacterial wilt free. Six fields had less than 10% plants being diseased and seven over 10%. The Rs population level determined by using SMSA medium generally showed an up-and-down pattern being low in May, high in Jun and July and low in August. The soil population in May and June showed a positive correlation with the incidence of bacterial wilt (r=0.571$^*$, r=0.688$^{**}$), but P$_2O_5$, content of soil was negatively correlated with the disease incidence (r=-0.539$^*$). These results suggest that Rs population in soil examined in May or in June, and the P$_2O_5$ content in soil should be key factors to determine the bacterial wilt potential of tobacco fields.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.668-674
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• 2004

This study investigated Korean fifteen-year-olds' (mis)conceptions on the greenhouse effect based on the PISA results. Based on previous studies on students' ideas about the greenhouse effect, Korean students'understanding of the natural factors and human-induced factors of the greenhouse effect were analyzed. Students' misconceptions about causes of the greenhouse effect were also examined. In addition to CO2, Students mentioned CFCs, atmospheric pollution, water vapor and methane as greenhouse gases. Many students indicated that the greenhouse effect and ozone depletion have a causal relationship. Teaching implications of the misconceptions were also discussed.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare head register with chest register of singers acoustically. Fifteen healthy tenor major students were participated. Fifteen healthy untrained adults were chosen as the control group for this study. Long term average (LTA) power spectrum using the Fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm and Linear predictive coding (LPC) filter response were made with /a/ sustained in both head (G4, 392 Hz) and chest registers (C3, 131 Hz). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. In the LTA power spectrum, head register of singers increased in the level of energy gain within the frequency of 2.2-3.4 kHz (p<0.01), and 7.5-8.4 kHz (p<0.01, p<0.05). Chest register of singers increased in the frequency of 2.2-3.1 kHz (p<0.01), 7.8-8.4 kHz (p<0.05) and around 9.6 kHz (p<0.01). The LTA power spectrum revealed a peak of acoustic energy around 2,500 Hz, known as the singer's formant and another peak of acoustic energy around 8,000 Hz in the singer's voice.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.281-286
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• 2005

The goal in facial paralysis treatment is to achieve the normal appearance of the face as well as to reconstruct the natural symmetrical smile. In cases of facial paralysis, a widely accepted procedure is the two stage method, which combines neurovascular free muscle transfer with cross face nerve grafting. Although the results are promising, the two operations of this method, which are about 1 year apart, impose an economic burden on the patients and require a lengthy period before results are obtained. In order to overcome these drawbacks, one stage method, using latissimus dorsi neurovascuular free muscle flap was introduced. Between January 2000 and January 2004, fifteen patients with long standing facial paralysis were treated in the Korea University Anam Hospital. The segmental latissimus dorsi with long nerve and pedicle was transferred to the paralyzed side of the face. The first postoperative movement of the transferred muscle was reported at 8.9 months, faster than that of the two stage method. During the next 24 months, a constant increase in the power of muscle contraction was observed. The fifteen cases were evaluated within an average of 31.7 months following the surgery and satisfactory results including muscle contraction were obtained in eleven of the cases but muscle contraction was not found in three cases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : The etiology and pathophysiology of spasmodic dysphonia is yet unknown. This study was performed to determine if any laryngeal aerodynamic parameter distinguish the voice of patient diagnosed as having adductor spasmodic dysphonia from individuals with normal voice production and to investigate the pathophysiology of spasmodic dysphonia. Materials and Methods : fifteen women diagnosed as having adductor spasmodic dysphonia and fifteen normal control women participitated in this study Maximum phonation time, mean air flow rate, subglottic pressure, vocal efficiency, Vfo, NHR, VTI, FTRI, ATRI, Jitter percent, Shimmer percent were obtained from the participants using 'MDVP(multi-dimensional voice program)' of CSL(Computerized Speech lab, Kay Elemetrics, Co., Model No. 4300), and 'maximum sustained phonation' and 'IPIPI test' of AP II(Aerophone II, Kay Elemetrics, Co., Model 6800). Results : T-test statistical analysis revealed statistically different values for vocal efficiency, Vfo, NHR, MPT, litter percent, Shimmer percent between the spasmodic dysphonia group and the control group. Conclusions : Spasmodic dysphonia affects the ability of the laryngeal mechanism to function effectively. Results from our study demonstrate that certain aerodynamic and acoustic parameters distinguish adductor spasmodic dysphonia from normal voice.