• The Korean Journal of Rheology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 1996

단섬유 강화복합재료의 가공공정에 있어서 유동 중에 일어나는 섬유 배향상태를 정 확히 예측하고 제어하는 일은 대단히 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 섬유현탁액의 거동을 살펴보 기 위하여 뉴톤유체를 매질로하는 섬유현탁액을 대상으로 하여 유변학적 해석을 하였다. 이 를 위해 섬유간 상호계수는 섬유배향상태의 함수의 섬유간 평균거리를 이용하여 계산하였는 데, 섬유간 평균거리는 변형된 Doi-Edwards의 방법을 이용하였다. 축대칭 압출팽창 문제를 예로 수치모사를 하여 본 저자들이 앞서 행한 결과와 비교하였다. 유동장을 축대칭 이차원 으로 하고 섬유배향을 삼차원 모두 고려하여 구한 수치모사의 결과는 실험과 잘 일치하였 다. 진한 섬유현탁액의 경우 섬유간 상호계수는 중요한 인자로서 이것을 섬유 배향상태에 의존하는데 이섬유간 상호계수를 섬유간 거리와 섬유배향상태의 함수로 나타내는 방법을 사 용하여 보다 실제적인 해석을 할수 있었다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.23 no.6 s.165
• /
• pp.1048-1054
• /
• 1999

It is important to study the shielding effectiveness(SE) of reinforcing material of plastic composite materials against the electromagnetic(EM) waves. In this paper, SE of the shielding material of EM waves was investigated with actual experiments. The materials used in this study were made up of film, fiber and powder of conductive materials - Cu, Al, CF etc. Also, The resin film was used as matrix. The experiment was carried out by using a shielding evaluator(Shielding box) TR17302 with an ADVANTEST spectrum analyzer, model R3361C. It was found from the experimental results that copper, aluminum and carbon fiber were good candidates as a shielding material against the EM waves with increasing the SE as the composite was laminated. The characteristics of the SE against the EM waves depended on a mode of preparation of specimen. The effects of interval of wires on the SE were studied when the orientation and the space of Cu wires were changed. The SE strongly depended on the. orientation and the space of the Cu wire. SE decreased as the space of the Cu wires was increasing.

• Fibers and Polymers
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.198-203
• /
• 2004

Composite films were prepared by casting the solution of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and single wall nanotube (SWNT) in DMF subsequent to sonication. The SWNTs in the films are well dispersed as ropes with 20-30 nm thickness. Moreover, AFM surface image of the composite film displays an interwoven fibrous structure of nanotubes which may give rise to conductive passways and lead to high conductivity. The polarized Raman spectroscopy is an ideal characterization technique for identification and the orientation study of SWNT. The well-defined G-peak intensity at 1580 $cm^{-1}$shows a dependency on the draw ratio under cross-Nicol. The degree of nanotube orientation in the drawn film was measurable from the sine curve obtained by rotating the drawn film on the plane of cross-Nicol of polarized Raman microscope. The threshold loading of SWNT for electrical conductivity in PAN is found to be lower than 1 wt% in the composite film. The electrical conductivity of the SWNT/PAN composite film decreased with increasing of draw ratio due to the collapse of the interwoven fibrous network of the nanotubes with uniaxial orientation.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.387-396
• /
• 2019

This paper deals with the effect of ply orientation and control gain on tip transverse displacement of functionally graded beam layer for both active constrained layer damping (ACLD) and passive constrained layer damping (PCLD) system. The functionally graded beam is taken as host beam with a bonded viscoelastic layer in ACLD beam system. Piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) laminate is a constraining layer which acts as actuator through the velocity feedback control system. A finite element model has been developed to study actuation of the smart beam system. Fractional order derivative constitutive model is used for the viscoelastic constitutive equation. The control voltage required for ACLD treatment for various symmetric ply stacking sequences is highest in case of longitudinal orientation of fibers of PFRC laminate over other ply stacking sequences. Performance of symmetric and anti-symmetric ply laminates on damping characteristics has been investigated for smart beam system using time and frequency response plots. Symmetric and anti-symmetric ply laminates significantly reduce the amplitude of the vibration over the longitudinal orientation of fibers of PFRC laminate. The analysis reveals that the PFRC laminate can be used effectively for developing very light weight smart structures.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.107-114
• /
• 2002

Residual stress distribution in injection molded short fiber composites is determined by using the layer-removal method. Polystyrene is mixed with carbon fibers of 3% volume fraction (4.5% weight fraction) in an extruder and the tensile specimen is injection-molded. The layer-removal process, in which removing successive thin uniform layers of the material from the surface of the specimen by a milling machine, is employed and the resulting curvature is acquired by means of an image processing. The isotropic elastic analysis proposed by Treuting and Read which assumes a constant Yaung’s modulus in the thickness direction is one of the most frequently used methods to determine residual stresses. However, injection molded short fiber composites experience complex fiber orientation during molding and variation of Yaung’s modulus distribution occurs in the specimen. In this study, variation of Yaung’s modulus with respect to the thickness direction is considered for calculation of the residual stresses as proposed by White and the result is compared with that by assuming constant modulus. Residual stress distribution obtained from this study shows a typical stress profile of injection-molded products as reported in many literatures. Young’s modulus distribution is predicted by using numerical methods instead of experimental results. For the numerical analysis of injection molding process, a hybrid FEM/FDM method is used in order to predict velocity, temperature field, fiber orientation, and resulting mechanical properties of the specimen at the end of molding.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.407-412
• /
• 2010

The objective of this study is the estimation of the mechanical properties of HIP-treated MMCs by an optimized manufacturing process. The Ti-MMCs were fabricated by HIP and rotary swaging (RS) for secondary processing. The Ti-MMCs with different tungsten fiber contents of 0, 6, 9, and 12 vol% were subjected to tensile tests, fatigue tests, and hardness tests. The results show that the hardness values of Ti-MMCs increased with the increasing volume percent of tungsten fibers, the tensile strength increased by approximately 50% (specific strength: 38%) at the 9 vol%. The value of tungsten-fiber orientation F affects the tensile strength. The fatigue strengths of the Ti-MMCs did not improve. HIP is a useful manufacturing method for Ti-MMCs and RS is an important process for improving fiber orientation during secondary processing.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.203-220
• /
• 2014

Stress intensity factors are numerically investigated for interfacial edge crack between two dissimilar composite plates jointed with single side composite patch. Variation of stress intensity factor under Mode I loading condition is examined for different material models and fiber orientation angles of composite plates and patch. ANSYS 12.1 finite element analysis software is used to obtain displacements of crack surfaces in the numerical solution and repaired plates are modeled in three dimensions. Obtained results are presented in the form of graphs. It is found that fiber orientation angle of composites is an effective parameter on interfacial stress intensity factor.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.560-565
• /
• 2007

Motivated by needs such as those in the aerospace industry, this paper demonstrates ability to significantly increase buckling loads of perforated composite laminated plates by synergizing FEM and a genetic optimization algorithm (GA). Plate geometry is discretized into specially-developed 3D degenerated eight-node shell isoparametric layered composite elements. General shell theory, involving incremental nonlinear finite element equilibrium equation, is employed. Fiber orientation within individual plies of each element is controlled independently by the genetic algorithm. Eigen buckling analysis is performed using the subspace iteration method. Available results demonstrate the approach is superior to more conventional methodologies such as modifying ply thickness or the stacking sequence of individual rectilinear plies having common fiber orientation through the plate.

• Fibers and Polymers
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.225-229
• /
• 2004

The effect of UV and $^60{Co}$ gamma radiations on the physical and mechanical properties of nylon 6 mono-filaments with different draw ratios has been studied. Specimens were exposed to either up to 25 Mrad of gamma or up to 168 hrs of intense UV irradiation. The results show that nylon mono-filaments exposed to gamma rays, with much higher quantum energy than UV, undergo a larger extent of molecular chain scission. Higher irradiation dose also results in the production of insoluble, macroscopic three-dimensional cross-linked network structure. The amorphous regions with a lower density of cohesive energy (lower molecular orientation) show a higher extent of cross linking reaction whereas amorphous regions with a higher density of cohesive energy (higher orientation) show higher extent of chain scission reaction, irrespective of UV ray or gamma ray irradiation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.9
• /
• pp.2396-2403
• /
• 1994

An experimental study on material characterization and mechanical properties of SMC(Sheet Molding Compounds) compression method parts was carried out. Simple compression test using grease oil as a lubricant was carried out to characterize flow stress of SMC at elevated temperatures. Two different mold temperatures, $130^{\circ}C{\;}and{\;}150^{\circ}C$ and two different mold speeds, 15, 45 mm/min were used for preparing the specimen of SMC compression molded parts. Surface roughness, tensile, and 3-point bending tests were used to determine the effects of molding temperatures and speeds on mechanical properties of compression molded SMC parts. Orientation and distribution of glass fiber in the compression molded SMC parts were also investigated by photographing the burnt flat specimen and taking SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) of cross-sectional T-specimen.