• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.12a
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• pp.567-571
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• 2004

The 2-dimensional unsteady flows on and around the cambered airfoils were computed by applying LES with the deductive dynamic SGS model. The unsteady flow field were used as inputs to compute the far-field sounds and directivity patterns from rotating blades by a hybrid approach that exploits Farassat's formula. The BEM (Boundary Element Method) was applied to predict the frequency characteristics from the rotating blades for the cases of even- and uneven-pitched fans. The BEM results suggested that the unevenly pitched fan have less pronounced discrete peaks at BEF frequencies, which was confirmed by the experiment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.701-713
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• 2003

The BEM is a highly efficient method in the sense of economical computation. However, boundary integration is not easy for the complex geometry and moving surface, e.g. a rotating blade. Thus, Kirchhoff surface is designed in an effort to overcome the difficulty resulting from complex boundary conditions. A Kirchhoff surface is a fictitious surface which envelopes acoustic sources of main concern. Acoustic sources may be distributed on each Kirchhoff surface element according to their acoustic characteristics. In this study, an axial fan is assumed to have unsteady loading noise as a dominant source. Dipole sources can be modeled to solve the FW-H equation. Acoustic field is then computed by determining Kirchhoff surface on which near-field is implemented, to analyze the effect of Kirchhoff surface on it. The optimal shape and the location of Kirchhoff surface are discussed by comparing with experimental data acquired in an anechoic chamber.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2003

Pantograph design Process must be considered in terms of stability of aerodynamics and reduction of aeroacoustics. Furthermore pantograph needs to be insensible to severe circumstance condition like typhoon, tunnel, a change of season. In this paper, robust design of panhead sections is conducted based on the Taguchi's design of experiment method. In the aeroacoustic noise analysis, an acoustic analogy using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings(FW-H) equation is used to calculate the flow induced sound pressure level in aeroacoustics. From the near-field CFD analysis data, the far-field noise is predicted at the positions of 25 m away from Pantograph. Based on aerodynamic(CFD) and aeroacoustic(FW-H) analysis data, the optimal sizing and Positioning of panhead elements are determined using robust design optimization method. Design parameters such as thickness, length and radius are controllable factors, while outdoor air temperature and atmospheric pressure are considered as uncontrollable factors in the context of Taguchi's approach. A number of CFD simulation and aeroacoustic analysis are performed based on orthogonal arrays. In this paper, two-step optimization method is used as a parameter design procedure. It is executed using signal to noise(S/N) ratio and analysis of means(ANOM) method. So Thus, an optimal level of design parameters Is extracted to minimize the disconnection ration between contact strips and catenary system, and reduce the far-field aeroacoustic noise.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.1235-1241
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• 2001

Pantograph design process must be considered in terms of stability of aerodynamics and reduction of aeroacoustics. Furthermore Pantograph needs to be insensible to severe circumstance condition like typhoon, tunnel, a change of season. In this paper, robust design of panhead sections is conducted based on the Taguchi's design of experiment method. In the aeroacoustic noise analysis, an acoustic analogy using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) equation is used to calculate the flow induced sound pressure level. From the near-field CFD analysis data, the far-field noise is predicted at the positions of 25m away from panhead contact strips. Based on aerodynamic (CFD) and aeroacoustic (FW-H) analysis data, the optimal sizing and positioning ofpanhead elements are determined using robust design optimization method. Design parameters such as thickness, length and radius are controllable factors, while outdoor air temperature and atmospheric pressure are considered as uncontrollable factors in the context of Taguchi's approach. A number of CFD simulation and aeroacoustic analysis are performed based on orthogonal arrays. Using a parameter design procedure associated with signal-to-noise (SIN) ratio and sensitivity analysis, an optimal level of design parameters are extracted to minimize the disconnection ratio between contact strips and catenary system, and reduce the far-field aeroacoustic noise.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.759-764
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• 2000

The accurate prediction of aeroacoustic analysis is necessary for designers to control and reduce airflow-induced sound pressure levels in high speed rotating DVD drives. This paper focuses on the numerical prediction of airflow-induced sound in DVD drives. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) is first conducted to evaluate flow field characteristics due to the high-speed disk rotation, and to support the acoustic analysis. The acoustic analogy based on Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H) equation is adopted to predict aeroacoustic noise patterns. The integral solution for quadrupole volume source is included to identify the turbulence noise generated inside the DVD tray. The strength of sound pressure level with respect to rotating speed is discussed to meet upfront demand on the high fidelity product development. The present study also focuses on the noise directivity and examines how much the sound noise is sensitive to change in rotating speed. Near-field noise is strongly affected by the flow field characteristic, which is caused by the complex shape of the tray. For a mid-field, the quadrupole noise play as a counterpart of thickness noise or loading noise, so it generates different sound noise patterns compared with those in the near field.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.515-523
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• 2020

This study aims to improve the flow and noise performances of an axial-flow fan for cooling the machine room in a refrigerator by using airfoil-cascade analysis and surface ridge shape. First, the experimental evaluations using a fan performance tester and an anechoic chamber are performed to analyze the flow and noise performances of the existing fan system. Then, the corresponding flow and noise performances are numerically assessed using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques and the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) equation, and the validity of numerical results are confirmed through their comparisons with the experimental results. The analysis for the flow of a cascade of airfoils constructed from the existing fan blades is performed, and the pitch angles for the maximum lift-to-drag ratio are determined. The improved flow performance of the new fan applied with the optimum pitch angles is confirmed. Then, the fan blades with surface ridges on their pressure sides are devised, and the reduction of aerodynamic noise of the ridged fan is numerically confirmed. Finally, the prototype of the final fan model is manufactured, and improvements in the flow and noise performances of the prototype are experimentally confirmed.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.524-532
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• 2020

In this study, noise radiated from a high-speed fan-motor unit for a cordless vacuum cleaner is reduced by designing splitter blades on the existing impeller. First of all, in order to investigate the flow field through a fan-motor unit, especially impeller, the unsteady incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are numerically solved by using computational fluid dynamic technique. With predicted flow field results as input, the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) integral equation is solved to predict aerodynamic noise radiated from the impeller. The validity of the numerical methods is confirmed by comparing the predicted sound pressure spectrum with the measured one. Further analysis of the predicted flow field shows that the strong vortex is formed between the impeller blades. As the vortex induces the loss of the flow field and acts as an aerodynamic noise source, supplementary splitter blades are designed to the existing impeller to suppress the identified vortex. The length and position of splitter are selected as design factors and the effect of each design factor on aerodynamic noise is numerically analyzed by using the Taguchi method. From this results, the optimum location and length of splitter for minimum radiated noise is determined. The finally selected design shows lower noise than the existing one.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.379-389
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• 2020

In this study, the flow and noise performances of high-speed fan motor unit for cordless vacuum cleaner is improved by optimizing the impeller which drives the suction air through flow passage of the cordless vacuum cleaner. Firstly, the unsteady incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are solved to investigate the flow through the fan motor unit using the computational fluid dynamics techniques. Based on flow field results, the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) integral equation is used to predict flow noise radiated from the impeller. Predicted results are compared to the measured ones, which confirms the validity of the numerical method used. It is found that the strong vortex is formed around the mid-chord region of the main blades where the blade curvature change rapidly. Given that vortex acts as a loss for flow and a noise source for noise, impeller blade is redesigned to suppress the identified vortex. The response surface method using two factors is employed to determine the optimum inlet and outlet sweep angles for maximum flow rate and minimum noise. Further analysis of finally selected design confirms the improved flow and noise performance.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.261-269
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• 2021

Without any validation of the incompressible assumption, most of previous studies on cavitation flow and its noise have utilized numerical methods based on the incompressible Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations because of advantage of its efficiency. In this study, to investigate the effects of the flow compressibility on the Tip Vortex Cavitation (TVC) flow and noise, both the incompressible and compressible simulations are performed to simulate the TVC flow, and the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) integral equation is utilized to predict the TVC noise. The DARPA Suboff submarine body with an underwater propeller of a skew angle of 17 degree is targeted to account for the effects of upstream disturbance. The computation domain is set to be same as the test-section of the large cavitation tunnel in Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering to compare the prediction results with the measured ones. To predict the TVC accurately, the Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation (DDES) technique is used in combination with the adaptive grid techniques. The acoustic spectrum obtained using the compressible flow solver shows closer agreement with the measured one.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.250-261
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• 2023

In this study, the noise contributions by the duct, stator and rotor, which are the propulsor components, are evaluated to identify the flow noise source in cavitation and non-cavitation conditions on pumpjet propulsion and the noise levels in both conditions are compared. The unsteady incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation based on the homogeneous mixture assumption is applied on the suboff submarine hull and pumpjet propeller in the cavitation tunnel, and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model are used to describe the two-phase flow. Based on the flow simulation results, the acoustic analogy formulated by Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) equation is applied to predict the underwater radiated noise. The noise contributions are evaluated by using the three types of impermeable integral surface on the duct, stator and rotor, and the two types of permeable integral surface surrounding the propulsor. As a result of noise prediction, the contribution by the stator is insignificant, but it affects the generation of flow noise source due to flow separation in the duct and rotor, and the noise is predominantly radiated into the upward and right where the flow separations are. Also, the noise is radiated into the thrust direction due to pressure fluctuation between suction and pressure sides on the rotor blades, and the it can be seen that the cavitation effect into the noise can be considered through the permeable integral surface.