• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.347-350
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• 2003

Dialysis and renal transplantation, the current therapies for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), have many limitations including severe complications, organ shortage, and graft failure. To overcome the limitations, the present study investigated the reconstruction of renal tissue in vivo by transplanting isolated fetal renal cells using fibrin gel to the kidney of renal failure rat model. After 4 weeks from the transplantation, blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine were examined from blood samples and histological examination of the implanted tissues revealed formation of renal-like structures and restoration of renal function.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate surface characteristics and biological properties of the dentin -derived hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on titanium substrate. Dentinderived HA was obtained from extracted human teeth using a calcination method at $850^{\circ}C$. The commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti, ASTM Grade II) was used as a metallic substrate and a radio frequency magnetron sputtering method was employed as a coating method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were utilized to investigate the coating aspects and composition. Atomic forced microscopy (AFM) and a surface profiler were used to assess the surface morphology and roughness. Corrosion tests were performed in phosphate-buffered saline at a $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ in order to determine the corrosion behavior of the uncoated and coated specimens. The biocompatibility of dentin-derived HA coated specimens with fetal rat calvarial cells and human gingival fibroblasts was assessed by SEM and cell proliferation analysis. The results showed that the dentin-derived HA coatings appeared to cover thinly and homogeneously the surfaces without changing of the titanium substrate. The EDX analysis of this the coating surface indicated the presence of Ca and P elements. The mean surface roughness of cp-Ti and dentin-derived coating specimens was $0.27{\mu}m$ and, $1.7{\mu}m$, respectively. Corrosion tests indicated a stable passive film of the dentin-derived HA coating specimens. SEM observations of fetal rat calvarial cells and human fibroblast cells on coated surfaces showed that the cells proliferated and developed a network of dense interconnections. The cells on all specimens proliferated actively within the culture period, showing good cell viability. At day 1 and 3, dentin-derived coating specimens showed 89% and 93% cell viability, respectively, when normalized to cp-Ti specimens. These results suggest that dentin-derived HA coating using the RF magnetron sputtering method has good surface characteristics and biocompatibility.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2001

Some of endocrine disruptors with sexual hormone-like effects have been increasingly reported to be immunotoxic in many species in recent several years. Phthalate esters have possible effects on the endocrine system. Prenatal exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) has been reported to impair the androgen-dependent development of the male reproductive tract in rat. Therefore, the immunomodulatory effect of DBP was investigated in the developing immune system of fetal and neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats. Timed-bred pregnant SD rats were given to the doses of 0, 250, 500, and 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$ body weight /day by gavage once a day from gestational day (GD) 5 to 18. On GD19 or GD22/postnatal day one (PD1), the dams were euthanized, and the changes in organ weights and thymus phenotypes were examined for their offsprings. At 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$b.w./day in maternal exposure group, GD19 fetuses showed decreases in body weight. The spleen/body weight ratios were reduced in GD 19 fetuses from the dams exposed to 500 and 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$b.w./day. There were no significant changes in thymus and spleen cellularities though these cellularities showed a tendency to decrease in a dose dependent way. In the DBP-exsposed GD22/PD1 offsprings, the body weights, the relative organ weights and the cellularities did not exhibit alteration. Additionally, the percentages of CD3$^{+}$(CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{+}$, CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{-}$, CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{+}$, and CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{-}$) and CD3$^{-}$(CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{+}$, CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{-}$, CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{+}$, and CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{-}$) thymocyte subsets were not changed in any DBP-treated group. The proliferative responses of splenic T cells to Con A and B cells to LPS were decreased in all DBP-exposed GD22/PD1 offsprings.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.897-901
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• 2008

Deep seawater (DSW; deep ocean water) is pure, rich in inorganic materials which have attracted attention for various applications. In this study we investigated the effects of the DSW upwelled from the East Sea, offshore Yang Yang (Korea) on the morphological differentiation of cultured rat hippocampal neurons, which were grown in the minimal essential medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum and 25% (v/v) DSW with various hardness. DSW had no effect on initial morphological differentiation (17 hr post-plating). When observed on DIV3, 7, 14, and 17, low hardness (0 and 200) DSW reduced dendritic branching. However, dendritic branches within $80\;{\mu}m$ diameter from the center of soma nearly doubled in neurons grown in hardness 1,000 DSW-containing media. DSW with hardness 600 was more or less same as control groups. These results indicate that DSW with appropriate hardness ameliorates neuronal health.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.50-58
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to test that motor skill training enhance motor function and cerebellar development. Using an animal model of fetal alcohol syndrome-which equates peak blood alcohol concentrations across developmental period-critifical periods for the effect of alcohol on body and cerebellar weigh was examined. The effect of motor skill training on motor function and cerebellar development of rat exposed alcohol on postnatal days 4 through 10 were studied. Newborn rats were assigned to one of two groups: (1) Control group (CG), via artificial rearing to milk formula and (2) experimental groups (EG), via 4.5g/kg/day of ethanol in a milk solution. After completion of the treatments, the pups were fostered back to lactating dams, and wearing they were raised in standard caged until they were postnatal 48 days. Rats from experimental group of postnatal treatment then spent 10 days in one of two groups: Experimental group II (EGII) was had got motor skill training (training traverse a set of 6 elevated obstacles) for 4 weeks. Experimental group I (EGI) was not trained. Before sacrificing, the rat got examined two behavioral test, body weigh and cerebellar weigh, then coronal sections were processed. The section was investigated the Purkije cell in the cerebellum using light microscope. The results of this study were as follows. 1. In body weight test, the outcome of alcohol groups were significantly lower than the normal group. 2. In cerebellar weight test, the outcome of EGI were significantly lower than CG and EGII. 3. In motor behavioral test, the outcome of EGI was significantly lower than NG and EGII. 4. In Purkinje cells counting test, the outcome of EGI was significantly lower than the NG and EGII. These result suggest that improved motor function induced by motor skill training after postnatal exposure is associated with dynamically altered expression of Purkinje cells and that is related with cerebellar function. Also, these data can potentially serve as a model for therapeutic intervention.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1595-1599
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• 2012

Cell cycle activation and progression in vascular proliferative disease represent potent therapeutic targets. Luteolin, which occurs as glycosylated forms in celery, green pepper, perilla leaf, and camomile tea, has demonstrated antimutagenic, antitumorigenic, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of luteolin on the proliferation of primary cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells induced by 5% fetal bovine serum. Luteolin at concentrations of 5, 20, and $50{\mu}M$ significantly inhibited this proliferation by 29.6, 50.8, and 83.1%, respectively. The incorporation of $[^3H]$-thymidine into DNA was also inhibited by 25.8, 57.6, and 81.0%, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis of DNA content revealed that FBS-inducible cell cycle progression was blocked by luteolin. Luteolin showed no cytotoxicity in VSMCs in this experimental condition according to WST-1 assays. Luteolin may represent a potential anti-proliferative agent for treatment of angioplasty restenosis and atherosclerosis.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.71-83
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• 2001

Laminin, a kind of multidomain glycoproteins, is mainly localized in the basement membranes of various tissues. It is known that laminin plays an important part in mammalian lung morphogenesis. The authors have undertaken this study to investigate the changes in the distribution of laminin, and to find out cells which synthesize laminin during the organogenesis and differentiation of the lung. The fetal and neoantal rats (Sprague-Dawley strain) were used as experimental animals. The immunohisto-chemical methods were employed for detection of laminin within the developing lung tissue and the immunegold cytochemical methods were performed for detection of cells which synthesize laminin according to each stage of development. The results are as follows; 1. During fetal life, strong immunoreactivity for laminin is maintained in the basement membranes of the blood vessels and the bronchioles, the extracellular matrix of the mesenchyme, and basal lamina of the alveolar septum in the fetal rat lung. 2. After birth, laminin immunoreactivity at the alveolar septum is gradually reduced. 3. During fetal life, laminin is mainly detected within the cytoplasm of the mesenchymal cells, the endothelial cells of blood vessels and the fibroblasts in fetal rat lung. 4. According to the differentiation of type I and type II pneumocyte after birth, laminin is detected within cytoplasm of the type I pneumocytes, type II pneumocytes and fibroblasts. It is consequently suggested that laminin is largely expressed in the developing lung and laminin may be also synthesized by the type II pneumonocytes at early newborn stages.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.6 s.67
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• pp.975-985
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• 2004

This study attempts to investigate the developmental alterations of rat cerebral cortex, and the effects of EGEE on the developmental cerebral cortex in the prenatal, postnatal and adults were examined by morphological methods and H-E staining was used for the histological changes. In the case of injection of EGEE, at 14 day of fetal phase, parietal cortex was thickest $(95{\pm}12.7\;{\mu}m)$ but, it was thinner than in the control group $(102{\pm}14.0\;{\mu}m)$ and, occipital cortex $(57{\pm}10.5\;{\mu}m)$ compared with other cortexes was the thinnest in fetal phase. In the suckling phase, each cortex grew thick quickly but, after weanning phase, the growth of the cortex slowed and the thickness of cortex was similar to that of cortex in the adult phase. At 105 day after birth, the parietal cortex was thickest $(934{\pm}21.6\;{\mu}m)$ but, decreased compared with control group $(1113{\pm}19.0\;{\mu}m)$. When EGEE was injected in intraperitoneal of rat, the number of neuroblasts per unit area was largest $(207.7{\pm}11.4/10^{-2}\;mm$ at the mantle layer of parietal cortex at 14 day of fetal phase but, decreased compared with control group $(224.2{\pm}13.8/10^{-2}\;mm$ , and the size was largest $(7.5{\pm}1.3\;{\mu}m)$ at the ependymal cell layer of occipital cortex at 3 day after birth but, decreased compared with control group $(9.0{\pm}1.2\;{\mu}m)$. Simillar to control group, the number of granular cells and pyramidal cells were largest at the II and III layer of parietal cortex, but decreased during developmental phase. The size was largest at the IV and V layer of occipital cortex but it was decreased compared with control group. When EGEE was injected in intraperitoneal of rat, the cerebral cortex from fetal phase to 3 day after birth has differentiated into the 3 layers; ependymal, mantle and marginal layer, but empty cisternaes or vacoules in the cerebral cortexes and the condensed phases of neuroblasts were appeared. From 5 day after birth, it has differentiated into the 4 layers; molecular, external granular, mixed layer of internal granular, external and internal pyramidal cells and multiformal layer but, empty cisternaes or vacoules in the granular and pyramidal cell layers were appeared and the number per unit area of neuron was decreased. In the cerebral cortex of the weaning and adult phases, division of cell layers was not clear and empty cisternae was formed in the cortex with the cells in external granular and pyramidal cell layers, was magnified or condensed around blood vessels of neurons.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2003

Purpose : Pulmonary vascular hypertension is a common problem in congenital heart disease, the most common cardiac condition in childhood. However, the mechanisms responsible for this pathologic change, treatment, and prevention are poorly understood. Therefore, we studied the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) by using a hypoxic model of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Methods : The main pulmonary artery and its proximal branches of a 6 wk old Fischer rat were excised. They were cut into multiple small pieces and suspended in DMEM medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum and incubated in 5% $CO_2$-95% air atmosphere. The smooth muscle cells were confirmed by immunostaining with smooth muscle myosin and ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin antibodies. The VEGF gene expression in the hypoxic group was compared with the one in control the group as well as the one in the starved group by RT-PCR and Northern blot hybridization. Results : There was no statistically significant difference among the control, hypoxic and starved groups. Conclusion : There are few studies of pulmonary vascular hypertension at the molecular level in Korea. Therefore, we studied the expression of VEGF gene in hypoxic pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells. Further studies will be needed to find the difference between newly born and adult rats, or human and rat pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in gene expression. We hope that the study will lead to a better understanding of pulmonary vascular hypertension.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.923-939
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• 1997

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of mixed culture of rat's calvaria cells and periodontal ligament cells on calcification. These cells have been known to do important role on the periodontal tissue regeneration, especially alveolar bone and cementum. Experimental groups were made which based on the different rate of rat's calvaria cells and periodontal ligament cells, and then these cells were cultured with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium contained with 10% fetal bovine serum, $50{\mu}g/ml$ ascorbic acid, and 10mM/ ml $Na-{\beta}-glycerophosphate$. Each group was characterized by examining the cell proliferation rate, amount of total protein synthesis, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the number of calcified nodules in vitro. In cell proliferation rate , the cells of control groups were cultured Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium contained with 10 % fetal bovine serum. The results were as follows : 1. The cell proliferation rate in control groups decreased stastically significantly along with the decrease of the rate of bone cells at 7 day and 20 day(P < 0.01). 2. The cell proliferation rate in experimental groups decreased stastically significantly along with decrease of the rate of bone cells at 3 day and 14 day(P < 0.01). 3. The amount of total protein synthesis was significantly decreased along with decrease of the rate of bone cells at 3 day and 6 day(p < 0.01). 4. Alkaline phosphatase activity showed reverse time dependent pattern and was significantly decreased along with decrease of the rate of bone cells during the experimental periods (P < 0.01). 5. Calcified nodules were observed in group 1 (Rat calvaria cells alone) for the first time, and the number of calcified nodule decreased stastically significantly along with the decrease of the rate of bone cells at 12 day(P < 0.01). From the above results, When bone cells and periodontal ligament cells were mixed cultured, the cell proliferation rate was mostly dependent on the actual rate of bone cells and same pattern was showed in amount of total protein synthesis, alkalinephosphatase activity, and the number of calcified nodules. And the calcified nodule forming capacity of bone cells was inhibited by periodontal ligament cells