• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.481-488
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• 1999

This study was conducted to survey some characteristics in growth of perilla by fertilization level organic matter. Corn stalk, acorn and chestnut were used as organic fertilizer in this study. In the height of perilla, chestnut fertilizer with 880kg/10a that R2 is 0.9996 showed the height level, and followed by acorn and corn stalk in order. Number of the harvested leaves was the highest in acorn among the three organic fertilizer by chestnut and corn stalk in order. However, number of the harvested leaves continuously was the highest in chestnut. Weight of a leaf was more effective at three kinds of organic fertilizer than control. There were no difference in the rate of dried leaf weight according to kinds of organic fertilizer. On the other hand, the rate of dried leaf weight by growth period was different. It was found that the rate of dried leaf in 30days or 110days. Diameter of perilla stem at 30cm above the ground according to kinds and fertilizer level of organic fertilizer was surveyed. However, the difference was not detected in this study.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 1998

In order to fad out an efficient way of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer in mulch-cropping system of onion(Allium cepa L.), solid, slow-release, and liquid forms of nitrogen fertilizers were allied to cv. 'Changnyungdaego' various number of times at different time, with 5 topdress applications of solid fertilizer serving as a control. Whole basal application of conventional solid fertilizer and 2 slow-release fertilizers were labor-saving and showed improved storage quality of bulbs, but resulted in poor plant growth and considerably low yield due to fertilizer shortage from early April. This suggests that topdress application is necessary. Liquid form of nitrogen fertilizer was more effective for plant growth and yield and saving labor than the solid form. Early applications was effective for increasing yield and storage quality of onion bulbs harvested. Thus two applications of liquid form of nitrogen fertilizer in February and March at rome month interval are recommended in mulch crowing system of onion.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.246-250
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the effect of controlled-release fertilizer on growth of Oncidium. Leaf and pseudobulb length increased with controlled-release fertilizer from 2 g to 3 g treatment compared to hyponex and controlled-release fertilizer I g treatment, while leaf width and number of leaf was not significant among treatments. Plant weight increased with controlled-release fertilizer from 2 g to 3 g treatment compared to hyponex and controlled-release fertilizer I g treatment. Flowering date(bloomed October early) did not show significant difference among treatments. The number of flowers showed the most in controlled-release fertilizer 3 g treatment as 62.4 ea/plant, but was not different significantly among treatments. Flower stem length and width were also non-significant among treatments. Branching numbers increased in the controlled-release fertilizer 2 g and 3 g treatments. Mineral elements of shoot increased from 2 g to 3 g treatment rather than the controlled-release fertilizer 1g treatment. Especially, K content was higher compared to N and P content. Therefore, appropriate controlled-release fertilizer amount for Oncidium was recommended as 2 g.

• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2016

Field cultivation of corn and microbial cell viability tests using Pseudomonas putida K-5 were performed to assess the toxic effect of kelp seaweed biochar (KBC) and fir wood biochar (FBC) produced by pyrolysis. After 63 days growth, FBC increased corn growth by 4.9% without fertilizer and by 7.6% with fertilizer, while KBC decreased it by 20.2% without fertilizer and by 27.9% with fertilizer. Physico-chemical characterization of the biochars such as ICP, CHON, and proximate analyses showed that KBC contained large amount of metals and ashes which could be responsible for its inhibition to corn growth. Upon exposure of K-5 cells for 1 h to biochar extracts, the cell viability in KBC extracts was 48.2% and quite lower than that (78.6%) in FBC. Washed KBC biochar with water at 1:10 w/v % increased the cell viability to 54.0%. The results indicated that seaweed biochar may be careful to be used for plant growing additives due to its high concentrations of metals and ashes. This toxic effect could be reduced by proper washing method with water.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

Phosphorous remains as one of the most limiting nutrients to plant growth, second only to nitrogen. Research on use of biochar as a soil amendment for available phosphorus in temperate calcareous soils has limited studies compared with to tropical acidic soils. An incubation experiment to assess phosphorous availability in a biochar amended calcareous soil under inorganic (Fused superphosphate, FSP) and organic fertilizer (bone meal, BM) and respectively, at the dose of 40, 80 and $120mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$ was carried out. Soil was incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 70 days. Results show that the rate of increase in available P was proportional to the fertilizer application rate with or without biochar amendment. Biochar did not have a significant effect on soils amended with either fertilizeron the values of available P. However, time had a significant effect (p<0.001) on the amount of available P during the incubation period. Inorganic fertilizer treatments had recorded high amount of available P with time compared to organic fertilizer treatments. Organic fertilizer treatment sample were significantly not different from control and for most of the incubation time biochar acted as a soil conditioner. Further research is required to understand the holistic and long-term effect of biochar.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.565-574
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• 2011

The development of satisfactory alternatives for supplying the nutrients needed by crops could decrease the problems associated with conventional NPK chemical fertilizers. In this study, the effects of bacterial and fungal effective microorganisms (EM) on the growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa) were evaluated. This investigation was carried out parrallel with conventional NPK chemical fertilizer and a commercial sold microbial fertilizer to compare between each of their effect. Sterile water and molasses were served as controls. Azotobacter chroococcum effect also was studied either alone or in combination with the effective microorganisms on the growth parameters. In contrast to the bacterial EM, the fungal EM alone without A. chroococcum had a more stimulating effect than fungal EM combined with A. chroococcum. Results showed that seedling inoculation significantly enhanced B. rapa growth. Shoot dry and fresh weight, and leaf length and width significantly were increased by both bacterial and fungal inoculation. The results indicated that the NPK chemical fertilizer deteriorates the microflora inhabiting the soil, while the effective microorganisms either fungal or bacterial ones increased the microbial density significantly. This study implies that both of fungal and bacterial EM are effective for the improvement of the Chinese cabbage growth and enhance the microorganisms in soil. The results showed antagonism occurred between A. chroococcum and each of Penicillium sp and Trichoderma sp in both agar and plant assays. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett test.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage system and fertilizer type on the forage yield, quality, and production cost of winter rye. This experiment was a 2×2 factorial arrangement for two tillage system (Tillage and No-tillage) and two fertilizer type (Chemical and Manure compost). There was no difference in dry matter (DM) content, TDN (total digestible nutrients) yield, and CP (crude protein) yield of rye, but the DM yield was significantly higher for rye in tillage compared to the no-tillage system. The use of chemical fertilizer type also showed significant increase in DM, TDN and CP yields compared to the use of manure compost as fertilizer. The CP content for rye was significantly higher in no-tillage compared to tillage system, but the type of fertilizer used has no significant effect. No significant effects were observed for NDF (neutral detergent fiber), ADF (acid detergent fiber), and TDN in tillage system and fertilizer type of rye. The total cost to prepare 1 ha is lower in no-tillage compared to tillage, but production cost in rye per kg of fresh, DM and TDN were almost the same as tillage system because of lower forage production. The total cost to prepare 1 ha with the use of chemical fertilizer was higher than using manure compost as fertilizer, however, the cost to produce 1 kg of fresh, DM and TDN were lower when using chemical as fertilizer because of higher yield. Based on the results of this study, tillage system and fertilizer type affected forage yield more than forage quality. Production cost per 1 kg of tillage was lower compared to no-tillage, and that of chemical was lower than manure because of higher forage yield.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.203-214
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• 2017

Environmental toxicity due to cadmium (Cd) pollution in croplands causes critical problems worldwide. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important crop in Asia, including South Korea, and numerous studies have evaluated the relationship between Cd and antioxidants to alleviate Cd uptake from the soil into plants. However, information about the relationship between phosphorus (P) and antioxidants in rice seedlings is still limited with regard to Cd phytotoxicity. We therefore investigated the physiological responses of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv 'Dongjin') seedlings to Cd toxicity and the effect of P application on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant changes. The exposure of rice seedlings to $30{\mu}M$ Cd inhibited plant growth; increased the contents of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde; and induced Cd uptake by the roots and leaves. Application of P to Cd-exposed seedlings decreased Cd-induced oxidative stress by enhancing the capacity of ascorbate (AsA) production and ROS-scavenging, and decreased Cd transfer from the roots to the leaves. These results suggest that P application alleviated Cd-induced growth inhibition and oxidative damage by restricting Cd translocation from the roots to the leaves and maintaining sufficient levels of AsA.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.81-85
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer(OM-1 : $300kgha^{-1}$, OM-2 : $600kgha^{-1}$), microorganism(ML : liquid form, MP : powder form) and seaweed extract ; ascophyllum nodosum(AF : foliar application, AI ; irrigation) on the growth and yield of the chinese cabbage. At the treatment of organic fertilizer OM-2 have appeared the best yield. According to the application of microorganism appeared certainly increasing yield of cabbage by application of powder form. The excess application of organic fertilizer OM-2 should not be occurred fertilizer damages and increased on the growth and yield by use of microorganism, In application of sewweed extract treatment, the cabbage yield increased by irrigation method.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2013

The cultivation methods of Acanthopanax in Korea need to be optimized. Hence, this study investigated the effect of different fertilizer ratios and planting dates on the growth and acanthoside D content of two (2) Acanthopanax species. The current recommended fertilizer rate of 10.5-8.5-8.5 $kg/ha^-$ ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O$, respectively) produced the best plant growth of Acanthopanax. For the first year, the acanthoside D content resulting from the 2P (2x phosphate) rate was higher than that from the other fertilizer ratios, yet there were no significant differences resulting from the various treatments for either Acanthopanax divaricatus or Acanthopanax koreanum. Similarly, for the second year, there were no significant differences in the acanthoside D content resulting from the various fertilizer ratios, although for both species the acanthoside D content resulting from the 2P rate was slightly higher than that from the other treatments. Therefore, the results indicated that doubling the amount of phosphate increased the acanthoside D content. Plus, the optimum planting date with respect to growth and productivity for Acanthopanax divaricatus was identified as April 15.