• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.417-420
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• 2011

In this experiment, we examined the survival, fertilization, hatching times, and hatching rates of Far Eastern catfish Silurus asotus at pH ranging from 2 to 13 under laboratory conditions. Eggs could be fertilized at pH 3-12. In a hatching experiment, mortality was first observed at pH 13, when all fertilized eggs died within 8 min, followed by pH 2 (30 min), pH 12 (60 min), pH 3 (4 h), and pH 11 (5 h). Hatching only occurred at pH 4-10, with the highest hatching rate at pH 7 (52%) and the lowest at pH 10 (24%). Hatching rates in acid solutions were higher than in alkaline solutions, although the difference was not significant. Hatching was first observed at pH 10, beginning 27 h after fertilization and ending at the 31 h. A clear difference was observed between hatching times, ranging from 31 to 64 h and increasing in order with descending pH.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.370-374
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• 2015

Pacific herring Clupea pallasii eggs were attached to the gill net in Korean coastal waters off Busan. To conservation and management the eggs attached to the gill net, we followed the natural hatching in coastal waters from five days after fertilization to the hatching finished, where the temperature was $9^{\circ}C$. The diameter of fertilized eggs was 1.24-1.55 mm (n= 50), and had a segmented pale yellow yolk, no oil globule. Natural hatching had started by 10 days after fertilization. Mass hatching occurred around 11-12 days after fertilization, most of eggs separated from the gill net. Therefore, when the Pacific herring eggs attached in gill net, should be natural hatching-induced in coastal waters during 12-14 days.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

Effects of five polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) constituents (naphthalene, fluorine, fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, pyrene) on fertilization and early development of sea urchin egg, sperm and fertilized egg were investigated. The eggs, sperm and fertilized eggs were exposed to several concentrations of PAHs (1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10000㎍/L). The rate of fertilization and hatching decreased when the eggs and sperm were exposed to aqueous solution of PAHs. Also, Exposure of fertilized eggs with each PAHs did decrease survival and hatching rate. Concentration-dependent toxic effects on the rate of fertilization, hatching, survival and abnormality in A. crassispina were observed following exposure to PAHs (1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10000㎍/L). These data show that PAHs exposure decreased in fertilization success of sea urchin egg and sperm and producted abnormal embryo. It is plausible to suggest that PAHs had the potential to significantly reduce coastal recruitment of sea urchin.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 1992

This stduy was carried out to obtain basic information available on ovulation, spawning, fertilization rate, hatching rate, and deformity rate after hCG injection in cyprinid loach, Misgurnus mizolepis. The results obtained in these experiments were as follows: 1. Ovulation and spawning occurred simultaneously and spawing was completed within 1 hour after ovulation. 2. More than 80% of fertilization rates appeared within 12 hours at 21$^{\circ}C$, 8 hours at $25^{\circ}C$, and 4 hours at 29$^{\circ}C$, respectively, following the onset of spawing. Afterwards, the fertilization rates of released eggs sharply decreased in three different water temperatures. 3. More than 70% of hatching rates appeared within 8 hours at 21$^{\circ}C$, 6 hours at $25^{\circ}C$, and 2 hours at 29$^{\circ}C$, respectively, following the onset of spawing. Afterwards, hatching rates of spawned eggs abruptly decreased in three different water temperatures. 4. The deformity rates of hatched larvae were high at $25^{\circ}C$, 8 hours following the onset of spawing. 5. Based on the developmental ability of oocytes, the optimum time of fertilization was 4 hours (stage 5) following the onset of spawing.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2017

This study was conducted to observe egg and larvae morphological development of carp to obtain basic data for resource conservation and taxonomic research. Brood carp used in the research (total length 67.3-75.5 cm, average $71.0{\pm}3.45cm$) were bred in a circular rearing aquarium ($600{\times}300{\times}100cm$) using a running water system from January to July, 2015. Breeding water temperature was maintained at $23.0-25.0^{\circ}C$(average $24.0^{\circ}C$). Fertilized carp eggs were translucent and globular, and their size was 1.75-1.89 mm (average $1.82{\pm}0.06mm$). Blastoderms formed 10 min after fertilization and reached the two-cell stage 30 min after fertilization. Then, the embryo turned dark and exhibited melanophores, and blood started flowing from the heart across the egg yolk at 42 hrs and 50 min after fertilization. Hatching began 70 hrs and 26 min after fertilization larvae emerged through the egg membrane, starting from the head. The length of prelarvae immediately after hatching was 5.23-5.38 mm (average $5.31{\pm}0.11mm$) the mouth and anus were closed, and the pectoral fin was formed. Postlarvae at 18 days after hatching had a total length of 11.9-13.9 mm (average $12.9{\pm}1.40mm$), separate anal fin and back membranes, and fin ray. Juveniles fish at 35 days after hatching had a total length of 29.9-30.2 mm (average $30.1{\pm}0.13mm$), with the body covered with scales, and the same number of fin rays, color, and shape as their broodstork.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 1997

강원연안에 서식하는 코끼리조개의 인공종묘생산 기술개발을 목적으로 산란유발 방법 및 수정과 부화를 위한 수온과 염분농도의 최적조건 등을 연구한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 코끼리조개의 산란유발은 간출자극과 자외선조사해수자극에서는 전혀 반응이 없었다. 수온자극에서는 5월에 15.0-25.0%의 반응을 보였고, 6월에는 10.0%의 반응을 보였다. 그러나 생식소를 절개한 것은 15.0-45.0%로 가장 높은 반응을 보였다. NH 하(4) OH 용액을 해수에 첨가하는 자극에서는 8/1000N-10/1000N에서 15.0%의 반응율을, 그리고 NH 하(4) OH 용액을 생식소에 주사하는 자극은 5/100N-7/100N에서 5.0-10.0%의 반응율을 보였다. 코끼리조개의 수온에 따른 수정율은 수온 11-17$^{\circ}C$범위에서 74.2-89.2%였고, 부화율은 수온 8-$14^{\circ}C$에서 84.3-90.5%로 가장 높았다. 염분 농도에 의한 수정율은 염분 25-$35tetperthousand$범위에서 72.5-88.5%, 부화율은 염분 30-$35tetperthousand$에서 82.7-86.9%였다. 수정과 부화를 위한 수온과 염분농도의 최적조건은 수온 11-$14^{\circ}C$, 염분농도 30-$35tetperthousand$로 나타났다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.375-382
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• 2021

In this study, the reproductive behavior and embryonic and larval development of the short ninespine stickleback Pungitius kaibarae was described and illustrated based on observations during spawning, hatching, and larval rearing trials. Adult P. kaibarae were collected downstream in Jinhae during the reproductive season (April-May). Males had nuptial coloration on their entire black bodies, with blue dorsal spines and yellow eyes, whereas females had a brown spotted pattern on their bodies. Males built nests on the stems of water weeds and attracted females. Fertilization occurred in the nest immediately after spawning, and males guarded the eggs until hatching. The fertilized eggs of P. kaibarae were spherical, demersal, adhesive, and transparent, and each egg measured 1.43 ± 0.07 mm in diameter. The morula, blastula, and gastrula stages, as well as hatching began at 5, 18.5, 21.5, and 96 post fertilization (HPF), respectively, at 20.0 ± 0.5℃. The newly hatched larvae had a total length (TL) of 5.67 ± 0.50 mm, with a yolk volume of 0.583 ± 0.059 mm³. Their mouths and anuses had not yet opened. At 2 days posthatching (days post hatching, DPH), the yolk was completely absorbed and the larvae began to feed exogenously. Pigmentation was observed in freshly hatched larvae 4 h after hatching, with the presence of eight areas with a dotted pattern on the dorsal surface of the larvae and dispersed spots on the head and yolk sac. At 30 DPH, the TL of the juveniles was 21.34 ± 1.70 mm. The nest area and number of eggs were 259.56 ± 101.39 mm² (75.18-506.04) and 155.33 ± 114.12 (0-437), respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.477-486
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• 1996

The freshwater goby, Micropercops swinhonis ($G\"{u}nther$) was studied on the spawning behavior and egg develeopment at the two areas of Chollabukdo, Korea from March to May 1995. Egg mass attached to a layer under stones and the inner wall of waterplant, Cyperus. Spawning behavior was divided in to 1) premating stage: selecting spawning sites and formation of territory by male, 2) mating stage: enticement with zigzag-like dance and intermittant shaking of head by male and fertilization, 3) postmating stage: fanning, guarding and cleaning the nest by male. The eggs were transparent and spherical in shape, measuring $0.9\times1.4mm$ with yellowish yolk sac and many oil globules. Hatching began in about ten days after fertilization at water temperature $16~20^{\circ}C$. The newly hatched larvae were 3.8~4.0 mm in total length with 30 myomeres and their mouths and anuses were opened. Melanophores appeared at the air-bladder and the ventral side of caudal region.gion.

• 환경생물
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2006

본 연구는 민어의 자원조성을 위한 양식생물학적 기초자료를 얻고자 산란 특성과 부화에 미치는 염분의 영향을 조사하였다. 실험에 사용된 어미는 5년동안 자연산 암컷 39마리, 수컷 24마리로서, 암컷의 크기는 평균 전장 $72.3\sim89.6\;cm$, 평균 체중의 경우 $3,736\sim8,818\;g$이었으며, 수컷의 크기는 평균 전장 $47.1\sim81.2\;cm$, 평균 체중은 $716.6\sim6,853\;g$이었다. 안정적인 채란을 위한 민어친어의 적정크기는 전장 $97.9\sim110.2\;cm$, 체중 $9,657\sim13,200\;g$였다. 유구는 $1\sim5$ 개가 존재하며, 유구수가 1개일때 가장 높은 부화율(96.7%)을 나타내었다. 염분농도별 부화율은 30.0 ppt일때 87.0%로 가장 높았으며, 부화시간의 경우 28.0 ppt일때 17시간 24분으로 가장 짧았다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2012

The effects of ovulation induction in ussurian bullhead, Leiocassis ussuriensis, were investigated by treating ussurian bullhead with hCG, LHRHa, GnRHa, ovaprim, and pimozide. hCG was injected to ussurian bullhead at 0.75% NaCl, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 IU, respectively. The ovulation inducement rates were 100% in 20,000 and 30,000 IU. Fertilization rates were 82.7% and 79.8%. Hatching rates were 59.4% and 57.2%. Ovulation time was between 16-19 hr The concentrations of LHRHa injected were 0.75 NaCl, 50, 100, 200, 300, and $300{\mu}g/kg$. The ovulation inducement rates were 100% in 300 and $400{\mu}g/kg$. Fertilization and hatching rates were 84.9% and 68.4% at $200{\mu}g/kg$. The times to ovulation were between 23 hr and 34 hr. Ovaprim of 0.75% NaCl, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 ml/kg were injected to the abdominal cavity. The ovulation inducement rate was highest at 2.0 and 3.0 ml/kg to 92% and ovulation time was between 27-38 hr. LHRHa concentrations of 0.75% NaCl, 50, 100, 200, 300 and $400{\mu}g$ were injected with pimozide ($1,000{\mu}g$). Ovulation inducement rate was 100% from 200 to 400 IU with pimozide. Ovulation time was 22-36 h. Fertilization and hatching rates were 88.9% and 70.4% in $200{\mu}g/kg$ with pimozide.