• 한국인구학
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.51-70
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 개인의 이데올로기, 개인의 경제적 상황에 대한 인식, 그리고 개인의 사회 문화적 특성들이 어떻게 2006년 이후 2008년 까지 출산회복기의 출산에 영향을 미치는지를 출산순위별로 분석하는 것이다. 분석 자료로는 2008년 한국보건사회연구원이 조사한 2007년 전국 출산동향 조사가 사용되었다. 이 자료의 응답자는 2007년도에 출산한 여성 1467명과 2007년도에 출산하지 않은 여성 1,000명으로 구성되어 있다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이데올로기, 경제적 상황, 그리고 사회경제적 특성 요인들이 출산 행위에 미치는 영향은 출산순위에 따라 차이가 났다. 둘째, 출산장려 정책은 육아와 같은 경제적 지원뿐 아니라 부부관계보다 부모와 자녀간의 관계를 중시하는 전통적 가족이데올로기를 강조할 필요성이 있다. 셋째, 혼인연령을 낮추는 정책이 필요하다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.113-136
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• 2010

초저출산에 관한 논의는 장래 인구추이라는 점에서 중요한 의미를 지니고 있으며, 초저출산 추세에 대해서는 다음과 같은 질문이 가능하다. 첫째, 초저출산 경향은 앞으로도 계속될 것인가 혹은 가까운 장래에 사라질 일시적인 현상인가 하는 질문이다. 둘째, 현재의 초저출산은 가장 낮은 수준에 이르렀는지 혹은 앞으로도 더욱 감소할 것인지에 관한 질문이다. 셋째, 초저출산 현상은 세계적으로 널리 확산되고 있는지 혹은 남부 및 동부 유럽과 같은 지역에 한정되어 나타나고 있는지에 대한 질문이다. 이러한 질문들과 연계된 이슈들은 장래의 인구학적 연구에 중요한 실마리를 제공할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구결과를 근거로 앞에서 제기한 질문들에 대한 답은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국사회에서 나타나고 있는 초저출산 추세는 일시적인 추세가 아니라 당분간 계속될 것으로 전망된다. 이는 여성의 경제활동 참여가 지속적으로 증가할 가능성이 높다는 점에서 혼인연령과 출산력에 직 간접적으로 영향을 미칠 것으로 전망되기 때문이다. 노동시장의 불안정성이 쉽게 해소되지 않을 것이라는 예상 역시 초저출산이 계속될 것이라는 전망을 뒷받침한다. 둘째, 초저출산의 수준에 관한 것으로 앞으로 출산수준이 더 낮아질 수 있는 가능성이 높다. 최근 초저출산을 가져온 다양한 요인들이 개선되지 않거나 초저출산 추이를 막기 위한 정책이 미흡하면 현재보다 더 낮은 출산 수준이 나타날 가능성은 높기 때문이다. 셋째, 유럽의 경우와 다르게 한국, 타이완, 홍콩 등 동아시아 국가에서는 초저출산이 지속되고 있는 이유는 아마도 자녀양육 및 교육에 대한 부담이 너무 크기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 높은 교육비 부담과 육아부담을 줄이는 정책적 고려 없이 출산율이 회복되기를 기대하는 것은 난망 하다는 지적에 주목해야 한다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.133-144
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• 1982

One of the primary objectives of Korean family planning program is to assist parents in having the number of children they want, both by providing fertility-en-hancing services to infecund and subfecund women and by providing fertility-limitation services to fecund women. As far as fertility-enhancing services to infecund and subfecund women is concerned, there has been little effort from the national family planning program, So far, there is no any basic data on infertility prevalence rate among the Korean women. Therefore, an attempt has been made to review data of 1976 and 1978 fertility and family planning surveys in order to estimate the level of infertility rate among the Korean women. In the 1978 survey 3. 7 percent of the current married women responded that they were physically infertile while in the 1976 survey physically infer-tile women was calculated as 3 percent of the total ever married women which is similar level of 1978 data of 3.7 percent. Mean age at first marriage of Korean women is 23 and most of the women are married in the high fecund age. Only 0.3 percent of the respondents married age 30. in addition, the rate of women with no children among the ever married women whose married duration is more than 5 year is very low;2. 5 percent among 5-9 years, 1. 4 percent among 10- 14 years; 1.8 precent among 15-19 years; 1.0 percent among 20-24 years; and 0. 7 percent among 25 or more years of marriage duration. If we consider those data shown above, it is manifest that infertility rate of Korean women is less than 5 percent level which is much lower than the 10 percent level of infertility rate in the United States of America. However, this kind of estimation is still not able to show definite data on fertility rate. Therefore, a nationwide planned survey should be carried out as early as possible to figure out the real situation of infertility rate in Korea.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.463-483
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• 2019

2000년 이후 우리나라 합계출산율은 일본, 독일, 프랑스처럼 출산율이 상승이나 감소기조에 들어서면 쉽게 변하지 않는 비가역적인 상수형태를 보이는 것과는 다른 양상을 보인다. 또한 2005년 1.08명 최저점에서 서서히 증가해 2015년 1.23명을 보이다가 2016년 1.17명, 2017년 1.05명, 2018년 0.98명으로 급락하고 있다. 이는 마치 경기침체의 더블딥(double dip)과 유사한 형태를 보인다. 본 연구는 이러한 TFR 증감 요인을 규명하기 위해 먼저 TFR에 영향력이 높은 출생아수 추이와 예측, TFR 분해법으로 분해되는 유배우율과 유배우출산율의 추이를 살펴본다. 그리고 이들 변화가 TFR 증감 변화에 어떤 영향력을 나타내는지 살펴보았다. 분석결과 출생아수는 2018년 약 32-33만 명, 2020년 30만 명, 2025년은 23-24만 명 수준을 보일 것으로 추정된다. 유배우율은 1981-2025년까지 지속적으로 감소, 유배우출산율은 2002년 이전까지 감소를 보이다가 2003-2016년 증가추세를 보인후 2017-2025년까지 감소추세로 이어질 것으로 예측되었다. 끝으로 출생아수, 출산율 분해와 통계적 모형으로 살펴본 TFR 향후 추이는 2018년 0.98명, 2020년 0.93-1.11명, 2025년에는 0.76-1.08명으로 분석되었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2011

This study was undertaken to determine whether the presence of fertility-associated antigen (FAA) in semen would influence semen characteristics and conception rate of artificial insemination in Hanwoo. The response to FAA of 36 heads of proven bull, 7 heads of young bull, and 27 heads of performance-tested bull was that one proven bull was FAA-negative and the others were FAA-positive, therefore FAA-negative bull was 1.4%. FAA-negative bull was lower in first and second semen concentrations than those of FAA-positive bull in 5,301 semen of 21 heads of proven bull, then FAA-negative bull was fewer as 11.5% in total sperm counts. The estrus of 22 heads was 70d-nonreturned in 36 cows first inseminated with frozen semen of FAA-negative bull, but that of 249 heads in 378 cows first inseminated with frozen semen of FAA-positive bull. Each conception rate was 61.1% and 65.9%, respectively. The difference of conception rates was 4.8%. These results indicate that the response of FAA to semen were influenced semen characteristics and conception rate of artificial insemination, but further investigations are needed to confirm the results.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2016

Objective: This study was conducted to compare the effects of static culture, dynamic culture, and the combination of dynamic culture with specialized surfaces involving co-culture on human embryonic development. Embryos cultured using conventional static culture (SC) techniques served as a control group. We compared dynamic culture using micro-vibration culture (MVC) and micro-vibration with co-culture (MCoC), in which autologous cumulus cells were used as a specialized surface. Methods: We conducted a chart review of patients who were treated between January 2011 and November 2014 in order to compare embryonic development rates and pregnancy rates among the groups. Zygotes were cultured in micro-droplets, and embryos were subsequently selected for transfer. Some surplus embryos were cryopreserved, and the others were cultured for blastocyst development. A micro-vibrator was set at the frequency of 42 Hz for duration of 5 seconds per 60 minutes to facilitate embryo development. Results: No significant differences among the groups were present in patient's characteristics. However, the clinical pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the MVC group and the MCoC group than in the SC group. No significant differences were found in the blastocyst development rate between the SC group and the MVC group, but the blastocyst development rate in the MCoC group was significantly higher than in the SC and MVC groups. Conclusion: The clinical pregnancy rate was significantly increased by the application of micro-vibration to the embryonic cultures of poor responders. The blastocyst development rate was significantly increased by the application of MCoC to surplus embryos.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2016

Objective: To study the clinical outcomes of single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles according to the hatching status of frozen-thawed blastocysts. Methods: Frozen-thawed blastocysts were divided into three groups according to their hatching status as follows: less-than-expanded blastocyst (${\leq}EdB$), hatching blastocyst (HgB), and hatched blastocyst (HdB). The female age and infertility factors of each group were evaluated. The quality of the single frozen-thawed blastocyst was also graded as grade A, tightly packed inner cell mass (ICM) and many cells organized in the trophectoderm epithelium (TE); grade B, several and loose ICM and TE; and grade C, very few ICM and a few cells in the TE. The clinical pregnancy and implantation rate were compared between each group. The data were analyzed by either t-test or chi-square analysis. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in average female ages, infertility factors, or the distribution of blastocyst grades A, B, and C in each group. There was no significant difference in the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate of each group according to their blastocyst grade. However, there was a significant difference in the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate between each group. In the HdB group, the clinical pregnancy and implantation rate were similar regardless of the blastocyst quality. Conclusion: There was an effect on the clinical outcomes depending on whether the blastocyst hatched during single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer. When performing single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer, the hatching status of the frozen-thawed blastocyst may be a more important parameter for clinical outcomes than the quality of the frozen-thawed blastocyst.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2018

A rapid decrease of total fertility rate to 1.08 in 2005 prompted the Korean government to plan and implement a '5-year plan for ageing society and population policy' starting from 2006. The 1st and 2nd 5-year plans had not shown any discernible impact on the fertility and the 3rd 5-year plan was launched in 2016. However, the fertility rate is going down further. The author reviewed the contents and assessment reports of the fertility promotion plan to suggest ideas for complementing the shortcomings of it. Author defined the major determinants of marriage and child birth as philosophy, politics, sense of value, social norm, culture, healthcare, and education. The plan was examined in view of these determinants. Transformation of Korea from an agricultural society to an industrialized society in a short period of time had brought about changes in most of the determinants of marriage and child birth; in particular philosophy and sense of value. These aspects were not put into consideration in the plan. Author suggested to launch a social education program for the general public to establish a sound philosophy of life, reform the sense of value on family, child birth and education, and cultivate the skill to draw a consensus through discussions on the social issues. A special program to promote marriage of women at the optimum age for child birth was proposed. The government should implement well balanced policy for economic development and labor. Multidisciplinary approach was recommended for these tasks.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 국가의 주요 정책인 저출산 대응전략 모색을 통해 국민들이 출산율의 중요성을 인지하기 위한 정부정책의 효과적인 홍보방안 제안이다. 본 연구는 광고홍보 학계와 실무자들 중에서 정부의 정책광고와 홍보에 전문성이 높은 6명의 전문가를 대상으로 초점집단면접을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 정부의 저출산 홍보전략은 통합홍보와 예산 편성의 문제점이 제기되었고, 홍보메시지 전략은 일관성 높고 타깃에 적합한 창의적인 접근이 부족하였으며, 매체전략은 젊은 세대의 특성을 반영하지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 저출산 대책 정부홍보의 개선방안을 제안하였고, 향후 정책입안에 활용될 것이 기대된다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.468-474
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• 2016

Korean government enacted the 1st Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Population Ageing in 2005 due to the long-lasting ultra-low birth rate. Based on the Act, Korean government set up a step-by-step strategic goal and establish a basic plan, every five years, to achieve the sustainable development of society corresponding to low fertility and aging society. Over the past decade, the 1st Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Population Ageing (2006-2010) and the 2nd Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Population Ageing (2011-2015) was executed. This year, based on the achievements and limitations of the 1st and 2nd Basic Plan, the 3rd Basic Plan for Low Fertility and Population Ageing begins. In this manuscript, I discuss the background of the 3rd Basic Plan and its significance in oral health area.