• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2016

This study showed that on-site ferrate(VI) solution was synthesized by wet oxidation method and applied aqueous 2,4-dichlorophenol(DCP) solution to evaluate the degradation efficiency. On-site ferrate(VI) solution was synthesized by putting $FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ in the strong alkali solution with NaClO and NaOH and applied DCP solution directly. DCP solution was extracted by the liquid-liquid method and analyzed by GC-ECD. The factors such as pH, DCP initial concentration, injected ferrate(VI) dosage, temperature were investigated. The optimum pH and temperature conditions of DCP degradation were obtained in neutral condition and $35^{\circ}C$. And the experimental results showed that DCP removal efficiency also increased with the decrease of DCP initial condition and the injected ferrate(VI) dosage.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2005

The novel behavior of ferrate(VI) has received an increased attention for its possible applications in various purposes particularly in the treatment of waste/effluent waters. It possess relatively high oxidizing capacity and the reduced ferrate(VI) into Fe(III) again an important and useful precipitant, coagulant, flocculants and likely to be a good adsorbent via the formation of ferric hydroxide for various metal cations. Moreover, the non-toxic effect makes it a 'green chemical' and further enhances its widespread uses in various purposes. Here an attempt has been made to review the applications of ferrate(VI) in the treatment of waste waters and also its possible future applications in the wastewater treatment technology.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.685-692
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• 2015

The concern over the risk of environmental exposure to brominated phenols has been increased and has led the researchers to focus their attention on the study of bromophenol treatment. In this study, the effects of pH and ferrate(VI) dose on the degradation of 2-bromophenol were investigated. The results indicated that the oxidation of 2-bromophenol by liquid ferrate(VI) was found to be highly sensitive to the pH condition. Furthermore, the highest removal efficiency was observed at the neutral condition with the removal efficiency of 94.2%. In addition, experimental results showed that 2-bromophenol removal efficiency increased with increasing of ferrate dosage. Ferrate(VI) dose of 0.23 mM was sufficient to remove most of the 2-bromophenol with the efficiency of 99.73% and kapp value of $2982M^{-1}s^{-1}$. Seven compounds were identified as the intermediate products by the GC/MS analysis.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1337-1344
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 산화제, 소독제, 응집제로서 동시에 작용하는 potassium ferrate(VI)를 합성하여 자연유기물질(NOM, HA와 FA)로 오염된 강물을 처리하는 실험을 수행하였다. Ferrate 주입량($2\sim46$ mg/L as Fe)에 따른 낙동강 시료에 포함되어 있는 10 mg/L HA의 제거효율을 $UV_{254}$로 알아본 결과, $20.7\sim73.6%$ 제거효율을 보였고 10 mg/L FA에 대해서는 $52.6\sim77.5%$의 제거효율을 보였다. 하지만 제거효율을 TOC로 분석한 결과는 HA에 대해 $0\sim20.3%$, FA에 대해 $0\sim26.6%$의 낮은 효율을 보였다. pH와 반응온도에 따른 영향을 보면, pH가 낮을수록 ferrate에 한 NOM 제거효율이 높게 나타났고, 온도가 높을수록 HA 제거효율이 높아졌다. 응집제로서 ferrate 효과를 기존 응집제들과 비교해 본 실험에서 ferrate는 $Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}18H_2O$, $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, FeO(OH)와 비슷한 정도의 효율을 보였다. Ferrate와 HA의 반응은 60초 이내에 완결되어 정상상태에 이르렀고 반응시간에 대해 1차 반응을 보였다. 그리고 소량의 ferrate를 주입하여 HA를 전처리한 후 기존 응집제로 처리하였을 때 ferrate로 전처리하지 않았을 때보다 효율이 향상되었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.318-324
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• 2006

The higher valence state of iron i.e., Fe(VI) was employed for the oxidation of one of an important toxic ion, cyanide in the aqueous medium. Cyanide was oxidized into cyanate, which is 1,000 times less toxic to cyanide and often accepted for its ultimate disposal. It was to be noted that Fe(VI) is a very powerful oxidizing agent and can oxidize most of the cyanide within few minutes i.e., ca 5 mins of contact. The data was obtained by the UV-Visible measurements for the Fe(VI) decomposition. The UV-Visible data was used to evaluate the overall rate constant for second order redox reaction between ferrate(VI) and cyanide. Also the pseudo first order rate constant was calculated as keeping the cyanide concentration in excess.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.454-459
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 다목적으로 사용가능하고 환경친화적인 potassium ferrate를 이용하여 강물의 humic acid와 중금속(Cu, Mn, Zn)을 동시에 제거하고자 하였다. 0.03${\sim}$0.7 mM (as Fe) ferrate를 이용해서 0.1 mM 중금속을 처리한 결과, Cu에 대해 28${\sim}$99%, Mn에 대해 22${\sim}$73%, Zn에 대해18${\sim}$100%의 제거효율을 얻었다. Humic acid와 중금속의 혼합용액에 0.03${\sim}$0.7 mM (as Fe) ferrate를 주입하여 각 물질을 다음과 같이 동시에 효과적으로 제거할 수 있었다: 49${\sim}$81% (humic acid), 93${\sim}$100% (Cu), 22${\sim}$86% (Mn), 20${\sim}$100% (Zn). 혼합용액에서 humic acid와 각 중금속 제거효율이 단일 중금속과 humic acid 용액에서의 결과보다 높은데, 이는 혼합용액에 ferrate를 주입하기 전, humic acid의 음이온 작용기와 중금속 양이온의 반응에 의해 착화합물이 형성되어 일부가 제거되었기 때문이다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.729-734
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• 2008

높은 산화상태를 갖는 철화합물인 ferrate(Fe$^{6+}$)를 Cu(II)-EDTA가 오염된 폐수를 처리하는데 적용하였다. Fe(VI)는 3가 철염에 차아염소산을 가하여 습식 산화시키는 방법을 적용하여 제조하였으며 93% 이상의 순도를 얻을 수 있었다. 용액에서의 Fe(VI)의 안정성은 pH가 낮을수록 자체분해반응이 가속화됨으로써 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 자외선-가시광선 분광광도계를 사용하여 Fe(VI)의 환원정도를 측정하였다. 실험실규모의 연속회분식 반응장치를 Cu(II)-EDTA 함유 폐수처리에 적용함으로서 Cu(II)-EDTA의 산화특성, Fe(III)에 대한 구리이온의 거동 특성 그리고 유기물의 제거능을 조사하였다. 연속처리를 위한 반응조 및 pH 조정조에서 총 구리의 제거는 체류시간 120분에서 각각 69% 및 75%로서 최대 제거율을 보였으며 체류시간 120분 경과 후 Cu(II)-EDTA의 비착물화 정도는 80% 이상을 보였다. 본 연구를 통하여 Fe(VI)를 다기능성 처리제로서 사용하여 Cu(II)와 EDTA가 함께 존재하는 폐수를 연속적으로 처리하는 공정을 개발하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국세라믹학회 2002년도 추계총회 및 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.122.1-122
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• 2002

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2008

In this study, Fe(VI) was employed as a multi-functional agent to treat the simulated industrial wastewater contaminated with Cu(II)-EDTA through oxidation of EDTA, decomplexation of Cu(II)-EDTA and subsequent removal of free copper through precipitation. The decomplexation of $10^{-4}\;M$ Cu(II)-EDTA species was performed as a function of pH at excess concentration of Fe(VI). It was noted that the acidic conditions favor the decomplexation of Cu(II)-EDTA as the decomplxation was almost 100% up to pH 6.5, while it was only 35% at pH 9.9. The enhanced degradation of Cu(II)-EDTA with decreasing the pH could be explained by the different speciation of Fe(VI). $HFeO_4^-$ and $H_2FeO_4$, which are relatively more reactive than the unprotonated species $FeO_4^{2-}$, are predominant species below neutral pH. It was noted that the decomplexation reaction is extremely fast and within 5 to10 min of contact, 100% of Cu(II)-EDTA was decomplexed at pH 4.0. However, at higher pH (i.e., pH 10.0) the decomplexation process was relatively slow and it was observed that even after 180 min of contact, maximum ca 37% of Cu(II)-EDTA was decomplexed. In order to discuss the kinetics of the decomplexation of Cu(II)-EDTA, the data was slightly fitted better for the second order rate reaction than the first order rate reaction in the excess of Fe(VI) concentration. On the other hand, the removal efficiency of free Cu(II) ions was also obtained at pH 4.0 and 10.0. It was probably removed through adsorption/coagulation with the reduced iron i.e., Fe(III). The removal of total Cu(II) was rapid at pH 4.0 whereas, it was slow at pH 10.0. Although the decomplexation was 100% at lower pH, the removal of free Cu(II) was relatively slow. This result may be explicable due to the reason that at lower pH values the adsorption/coagulation capacity of Fe(III) is greatly retarded. On the other hand, at higher pH values the decomplexation of Cu(II)-EDTA was partial, hence, slower Cu(II) removal was occurred.