• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.153-156
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• 1986

A pot (1/200a) experiment was conducted to find out the changes of soil and water temperature on the several paddy soil weeds (Duck weed, Algae and Floatin fern) growing condition. The results obtained were shown as follows; 1. Diurnal maximum soil and water temperature were lowered by 2 to $3^{\circ}C$ under duck weed growing condition while minimum soil and water temperature were higher in $0.5^{\circ}C$ and/or similar tendency than that of bare paddy soil condition. 2. The changes of soil and water temperature were lowered by 0.1 to $0.3^{\circ}C$ at sunny day under Duck weed growing condition but was higher in 0.1 ta $0.4^{\circ}C$ at rainy, cloudy and after rainy day than that of bare paddy soil. 3. Soil and water temperature were higher about 0.3 to $1.0^{\circ}C$ under algae growing condition than that of bare paddy condition. 4. The effects of keeping warm efficiency were high in order of Duck weed > Duck weed with algae > algae > bare paddy soil condition.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 2007

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among stroke patients' activities of daily living(ADL), depression, and quality of life(QOL). Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 251 stroke patients at 5 hospitals and 2 public health centers in Seoul and Kyonggi-Do. The following Questionnaires were utilized for this study: Functional independence measure(FIM) from Grange, Hamilton, and Sherwin(1986), the Korean CES-D scale from Randloff(1977), and quality of life scale from Bang, Hwal-Lan(1991). Results: Data were analyzed using the pearson correlation, t-test, and ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 12.0. The results of this study were as follow; The subjects consisted of 110 fern ales and 141 m ales. The mean score of activity of daily living was 87.2(range 18-126). Age, family history, comorbidity, paralysis site, and duration after diagnosis were significantly associated with activity of daily living. The mean score of depression was 23.8(range 11-44). Age, gender, education, and job were significantly associated with depression. The mean score of quality of life scale was 3.0(range 1-5). Gender, religion, education, job, economic status, and duration after diagnosis were significantly associated with quality of life. Relationships among activity daily living, depression, and quality of life scale: The activity of daily living had a negative relationship with depression score. The activity of daily living had a positive relationship with QOL score. The depression had a negative relationship with QOL score. Conclusion: Based on these results, it is necessary to run rehabilitation programs to improve stroke patients' ADL, depression. Also, it research for of identifying stroke patients' quality of life according to rehabilitation program.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.400-406
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine the optimal conditions of growth medium, temperature, and light quality for efficient propagation of Lygodium japonicum spores. The rate of spore germination and prothalium development was high in Knop and 1/8MS and 1/4MS media, which had low mineral content; in particular, the germination rate exceeded 74%, and the germinated spores developed into heart-shaped prothallia. However, in Knop‘s medium with the lowest mineral content, a rapid prothallium senescence was observed; in 1/4MS medium, prothallium development was delayed. Germination rate increased with the increase in temperature and reached its maximum, 86.7%, at 30℃; however, at this temperature, the prothallia were thinner and abnormal development of rhizoids was observed compared to normally developed prothallia and rhizoids at 25℃. Therefore, the results suggested that the optimal temperature for L. japonicum spore germination was 25℃. The rate of germination was also measured under different light conditions, and the highest rate of 90.6% was observed under LED red light compared to fluorescent (77.2%) or LED blue (5.4%) lights. The germinated spores developed into heart-shaped prothallia under LED red light; however, 15 days after seeding, prothallium development decreased and the became elongated. In contrast, a normal and continuous development of heart-shaped prothallia was observed under fluorescent light.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2017

This study was performed to develop the efficient phytoremediation model in the paddy soil contaminated with heavy metals by cultivating Pteris multifida and Artemisia princeps with different mixing ratios (1:0, 8:1, 6:1, 4:1). As a result of investigating the heavy metal accumulation of each plant per dried material (1 kg), content of arsenic and cadmium was the highest in aerial part of P. multifida (169.82, $1.70mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$, each) among the treated group. Lead content was the highest ($12.58mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$) in the aerial part of P. multifida cultivated with 8:1 mixed planting. But the content of copper and zinc was the highest (33.94, $61.78mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$, each) in the aerial part of A. princeps with 8:1 treatment. Regardless of heavy metals, plant uptake from the $1m^2$ soil was the highest in 4:1 mixed planting group, which showed the best yield of A. princeps.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2002

Salvinia natans, an unique water fern having a small rootless body, developed three different types of trichomes throughout the plant. The most peculiar type exhibiting rows of obvious, whitish, multicellular trichome clusters was noticed in the upper surface of the floating leaves. Eight to ten branches within a cluster extended ca. $370{\sim}420{\mu}m$ from the leaf surface. No stalk cell was found, however, four large epidermal cells were discernable at the base of four central branches in the cluster. Each branch consisted of $8{\sim}10$ obliquely-oriented small cells that gradually decreased in size toward the branch tip. The second type was found in the lower surface of the floating leaves, stems, and sporocarps. Multicellular uniseriate trichomes, ca. $430{\sim}980{\mu}m$ long, were distributed all over these structures. The tip of trichome was acicular, but a semi-spheric protuberance of approximately $24{\sim}32{\mu}m$ in diameter occurred at the base of each trichome. The protuberance appeared to be firmly attached to the side of the basal cell, however, internal connection to the trichome cell itself was uncertain. The third type was similar to the second in that multicellur uniseriate trichomes with acicular tip and a protuberance at the base were present. However, the trichomes were considerably long relative to the second type, and only occurred along the surface of highly dissected, submerged leaves. A majority of the trichomes exceeded more than 2 mm in length that hung downward in the water. Regardless of trichome type, all trichomes contained a huge central vacuole with very thin cytoplasm, resulting from the fusion of several vacuoles during early trichome development. The various densely-distributed trichomes formed in Salvinia natans probably play an important role in plant buoyancy.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.480-489
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• 2017

We investigated a suitable method for in vitro germination of spores, propagation of prothalli, and the formation of sporophytes in the fern Dryopteris nipponensis Koidz. Spore germination rate was relatively high regardless of culture medium. Prothallus development was faster in Knop medium than in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Prothalli used in all experiments were obtained from germinated spores, and were cultivated in different concentrations of media components. The active formation of sexual organs such as antheridium made 1MS medium suitable for prothallus propagation, although there was a lower propagation ratio compared to Knop medium. Growth and morphogenesis of prothalli were most effective on 1MS medium containing 2% sucrose, and 60 mM of total nitrogen source with 20:40 mM ratio of $NH_4{^+}:NO_3{^-}$. To select a suitable soil composition for sporophyte formation, ground prothalli were cultivated on single and mixed soils using bed soil, peat moss, perlite, and decomposed granite for 14 weeks. Bed soil promoted sporophyte formation and growth regardless of single or mixed use. In particular, a mixture of bed soil and decomposed granite in a 2:1 ratio (v:v) led to accelerated sporophyte formation ($0.83/cm^2$).

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.405-409
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• 2011

Azolla Lam. is a small aquatic fern with deeply bilobed leaves, which are consisted of a thick greenish, with chlorophyll, upper (dorsal) lobe and a thinner, translucent lower (ventral) lobe, without chlorophyll, submerged in the water. Azolla blight was observed at a lotus pond. Mycological characteristics of the fungus associated with Azolla blight was immediately determined as Rhizoctonia sp. by the thickness and branching of hypha at right angles at the point toward the distal end of septa, with branching hypha is constricted. The fungus produced brown mycelia and dark brown sclerotia on PDA. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sclerotia formation were $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The optimum temperature for fungal infection was $30^{\circ}C$, when spray inoculated. Phylogenetic analysis of rDNA-ITS revealed that the fungus was identified as Rhizoctonia solani (AG-1 IA) closest to one causing rice sheath blight disease. This is the first report on the blight disease of Azolla caused by R. solani in Korea.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.448-453
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• 2017

This study was carried out to find culture materials (explant parts) and medium components (medium type, sucrose and $NaH_2PO_4$ concentration) for in vitro propagation of Osmunda cinnamomea var. forkiensis sporophyte. The results of study: chopped segments of leaf blades, stipes, rhizomes and roots were cultured on a 1/2MS medium supplemented with 0.1% activated charcoal. Among these explant types, only the rhizome segments produced young sporophyte, regenerating vigorously on a 1/8MS medium. Adjusting the sucrose concentration to 2% and supplement to $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;NaH_2PO_4$ in the 1/8MS medium proved to be more efficient for plant regeneration. Consequently, the addition of 0.1% activated charcoal to a modified 1/8MS medium (2% sucrose, $50mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;NaH_2PO_4$, pH 5.8 and 0.8% agar) yielded the highest sporophyte regeneration.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1985

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary fiber sources and levels on serum lipids in rats fed a hypercholesterol diet containing 0.5% cholesterol. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 52.7 ${\pm}$ 7.27g were devided into sevel groups by completely randomized block design and fed various dietary fibers which were prepared from Rice bran, Siraegi (The dried green parts of a radish) and Bracken Fern at a level of 5% and 10% respectively. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. Body weight gains were not significantly different among the groups and food intake was significantly higher in rats fed a diet of Siraegi 10% than those fed the control diet. 2. Fecal wet weights were significantly increased in all experimental groups. 3. Levels of serum total cholesterol in all experimental groups were significantly lower than that of the control group except the level in the R 10(Rice bran 10%) group. 4. Free Cholesterol levels in the serum were increased in all experimental groups, especially the levels in the R 10 (Rice bran 10%) and S 10 (Siraegi 10%) groups were significantly higher than that of the control group. 5. Ester Cholesterol levels in the serum were significantly lower in rats fed the experimental diets than those fed the control diet. 6. There was a tendency of higher serum HDL-Cholesterol levels in R5 (Rice bran 5%), R10 (Rice bran 10%) and B5(Bracken 5%) groups compared to the control group however no significant differences were found between the control group and all the experimental groups except in the case of the S5 (Siraegi 5%) group. 7. LDL, VLDL-Cholesterol levels in the serum sere significantly reduced in the S5 (Siraegi 5%), B5 (Bracken 5%) and B10 (Bracken 10%) groups. 8. The HDL-C./Total-C. Ratio was increased in all experimental group especially the Ratios in the S5 and B5 groups were significantly higher than that of the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.6 s.107
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• pp.103-108
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• 2005

It was aimed to promote as a material for interior landscape by validating Rumohra aristata, in an indoor environment, especially irrigation interval, medium composition and drainage at indoor. 1. The result of physico-chemical analysis of medium composition showed that porosity, pH and Ex-Ca, Ex-Mg and Ex-K were high with peatmoss: vermiculite: perlite(1:1:1) and water contents, organic matter content, total nitrogen and cation exchange capacity were high with sand: leaf mold(1:1). 2. Growth and indoor adaptability of Rumohra aristata were better with irrigation at 2 interval per week than irrigation at 7 interval per week regardless of drainage. 3. In the case of medium composition, of growth and indoor adaptability were higher with sud: leaf mold (1:1) than peatmoss: vermiculite: perlite(1:1:1). 4. Fronds fresh weight and dry weight decreased when irrigation interval increased and were higher with sand: leaf mold(1:1) than peatmoss: vermiculite: perlite(1:1:1) treatment.