• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.113-141
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• 2000

The aim of this paper is to project the state of the labor farce and employment in Korea from 2000 to 2005. The labor market in Korea is experiencing significant changes with the rapid development of Information and Telecommunication Technology (ICT) and the transition of the Korean economy into a knowledge-based economy. On the labor supply side, it is expected that the growth of the labor force will be sluggish; baby boomers will become the middle-aged, while the proportion of senior citizens, the highly educated and the female labor force will grow fast. These changes will alter the human resources management system in business sectors. Moreover, the permanent employment relationship, the hierarchy system and the seniority-based wage system are all expected to change. On the labor demand side, the employment share in highly skilled. knowledge-intensive industries will grow faster than the rest of the economy in tandem with the quickly growing output share of these industries. Especially, more jobs will be created in the ICT industries. The proportion of labor in highly skilled and professional occupations will also grow faster than in other occupations. At the same time, the employment share of female workers will grow more quickly than that of the male workers. These changes, however, may worsen income inequalities and/or increase the unemployment rate when workers do not have the suitable skills or knowledge required by the knowledge-based economy. To avoid this, it is necessary for the government to build up a lifetime learning system for workers.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.84-97
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• 1995

There is a widespread concern that women's increasing involvement in dual role (job plus family role) may harm their physical health. Longevity of women is longer than that of men. By contrast, prevalence rate is higher in women than men, and No. of prevalence days, No. of days in bed and No. of days with treatment are more in women. Generally, women live longer, but women are worse in health status than men. Rate of labor participation in women is increasing gradually in Korea. This study presents an analysis of the relationships between employment. marital status and health for both Korean women and men to examine how women's increasing involvements in dual role affect their physical health. The data used in this analysis were collected by The National Statistical Office in the spring of 1992. Households, which were sampled by using a three-stage stratified cluster sampling method, were interviewed. Response rate was 99.43%. Of these, student or widowed or divorced people were excluded. 47,552 women and men aged 21-50 were available for the analysis. Health status was measured by self-assessed health status (1=excellent, 5=poor), No. of prevalent days, No. of days with treatment, and No. of days in bed in two previous weeks. And control variables are age, and education. Research findings are as follows : 1. Men have better self-rated health, fewer prevalent days, fewer days in bed, and fewer days with treatment than women. 2. The employed are more healthier than the non-employed. 3. Unmarried people are more healthier than married people. 4. Interaction effects of sex, marital status, employment are significant. This finding shows that effects of empolyment, marital status on health status is not same for women and men. 5. For male, employed people are more healthier than non-employed people. Unmarried people are more healthier than married people. This differences are significant. For female, The employed are more healthier than the non-employed. However, no differences are noticed between the married and the unmarried in health status. In conclusion, there is no evidence that women's involvements in dual role affect their physical health negatively.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.21-36
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• 2006

This study aims to grasp the general conditions regarding university students in security related majors in Korea. Followings will be covered here: what motivated them to choose those majors, how much are they satisfied with major curriculum course after matriculation, whether they got jobs through the education, what is their consciousness on their majors, jobs, and courses like, and what effects their job preference. And this study also aims at helping the students with their future plans such as admission to a school of higher grade and choosing their job. For this study, we distributed 340 cpoies to the students in security related majors at 4 four-year colleges and 1 two-year college, and collected 298 copies by means of quota sampling method. For collected questionnaires, we used individual T-test verification and one-way ANOVA analysis to grasp the situation. Significance standard for the test results was set as p<0.05. Following are the test results. First, the analysis on students' satisfaction rate resulted in male students' average of 2.42, compared to female students' average of 2.10, which shows female students have higher satisfaction rate in choosing their majors than male students. Secondly, The results on analysis of satisfaction rate on their curriculums, classes, and majors show that students in security-related majors showed different satisfaction rate and different averages according to their sex and the year of the college. The study indicates that males have higher satisfaction rate on curriculum than females, with male students' average of 2.63 and female students' average 2.88. According to the year of the college, there was a significant difference statistically, Statistics show that students at two-year college have higher satisfaction rate than those at four-year college, with two-year college students' average of 2.48 and four-year college students' of 2.74. students have the average of 3.56. The higher year they were in, the more improvement the curriculum required. When it comes to convenience offer for employment, male students expected more from school than female students, with males' average of 2.74 and females' average of 4.07. Male students marked higher than female students in the extent of job information offer, with males' average of 2.96 and females' average of 2.59. Fourthly, when students in security-related majors were surveyed on their consciousness of their future plans such as getting jibs, two-year college students had more certificates of qualification for employment than four-year college students. What they do preponderantly in preparation for employment was studying foreign languages, which took up 40.4%. And when they were asked on their confidence for employment, positive answers were far more than negative ones with the percentage of 39.6%, while negative took up just 14.0%. Fifthly, when it come to the students in security-related students' job preferences, 49.2% preferred safe job conditions in public security area and 34% preferred private guard or private security organizations. And in the public security area, the highest percentage of 28.6 preferred to work in presidential security service. In the area of private security, 21.2% showed interests in private guard and private security organizations.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.852-862
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to investigate differences in health behaviors by job stress level in male and female workers in a large-sized company. Methods: Participants were 576 male and 228 female workers who completed questionnaires. Job stress was measured using the 'Short Form Korean Occupational Stress Scale (SF-KOSS)'. Health behaviors included smoking, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, and diet. Frequency, mean, SD, chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression using SAS version 9.1 were used to analyze data. Results: Smoking, drinking and regular exercise rates were not different by job stress level in male or female workers. Only regular diet was significantly different by job stress level in male and female workers. From multivariate analysis, the alcohol consumption rates for female workers differed by marital status. Regular exercise rate was significantly related to age for male workers and type of employment for female workers. After adjusting for demographic and work-related characteristics, regular diet significantly differed by shift work for male workers and marital status and shift work for female workers. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that nursing interventions should be developed to manage job stress to improve diet habits for male and female workers in large-sized companies.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.52
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• pp.11-40
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• 2017

This study analyzed individual-level and country-level factors affecting justification of domestic violence amid emerging social significance of family violence. For individual-level variables, prejudice against women in economic and social roles were used from the World Value Survey data. As for country-level variables, total of 36 countries were analyzed with indices that represents gender equality such as women's employment rate and democracy index. Women's employment rate was gathered from the Labour Market Database of the World Bank and democracy index was from the Economist Intelligence Unit. Results showed that both individual-level, prejudice against women in economic and social roles and country-level variables such as women's employment rate and democracy index had significant effects on justification of domestic violence. This result implies the importance of creating positive social culture which promotes positive attitudes towards perceptions of gender role and gender equality. As well, country-level endeavors to raise gender equality in employment deem important. Based on these findings, policy implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine how female labor force participation, family policies, and gender equality are related to fertility rate across countries. Multiple measures has been collected from various data sources(such as OECD, UNDP, and WVS) and the panel data set which includes (mostly) OECD countries range from 1990 to 2019 are analyzed. The major findings are as follows. First, based on OECD countries samples, female labor force participation is positively associated with the fertility rate, which implies that women's labor force participation does not lead to a reduction in fertility rate. Second, the length of paternity leave is positively associated with fertility rate whereas the direction is the opposite for the relationship between the length of maternity leave and fertility rate. This is attributed to the possibility that a longer period of maternity leave incurs the a higher opportunity cost of earning income, which leads to a reduced fertility rate. Third, countries with higher gender inequality index tend to have a higher fertility rate. Similarly, countries with higher gender equality value have a lower fertility rate. When the gender equality value is devideed into three sub-categories, education, politics, and employment, the gender equality value in education is the only sub-category which is negatively associated with the fertility rate. This study confirms that female labor force participation may not be a contributing factor in the lowering of fertility rate but instead can be positively associated with the fertility rate. Also, the results show that family policies or gender equality values can be significantly affect fertility rate.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.207-216
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors contributing to the wage inequality between employment of persons with disabilities. Among the raw data provided by the Korea Employment Development institute for persons with disabilities, 3,546 cases were studied, excluding cases in which major variables were missing, in the 『2018 survey on the employment status of the disabled in business』. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25 and STATA 14 to analyze wage inequality among employment companies for persons with disabilities. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 25 and STATA 14 to analyze wage inequality in employment companies for persons with disabilities. The study found that factors contributing to the wage inequality in employment companies for the disabled include 'minimum level of education'12.63%, 'asset level'6.37%, 'level of work required'4.87%, 'ratio of female employment'3.30%, 'sales profit'2.33%, 'education training for employees'1.19%, 'labor union membership rate'0.67%, 'work type'0.42%, 'average working hours'0.41%, 'recognition of work level of disabled people'0.34%, 'recognition that employment of disabled people is helpful to companies'0.23%, 'positive recognition of work cost of disabled people'0.17%. Based on these results, this study proposed access at the level of employment business for the disabled, social level, and worker level for the disabled.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1058-1069
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• 2016

This study is intended to research workers' health, diet and the demand of nutrition education service in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do province. We implemented the survey from September 2012 through August 2013, and analyzed the data from 589 workers' questionnaires out of 890. For the analysis of the compiled data, we utilized the SPSS version 18.0 statistical package program. The study showed that majority of the workers participated in the survey consisted of 447 male (75.9%) and 142 female (24.1%). BMI showed that these men were overweight ($24.5{\pm}2.72$) and women were normal weight ($22.2{\pm}2.70$). Participants often diagnosed with hypertension or hyperlipidemia. In terms of health status, 34.5% answered satisfactory, the most concerned illness was high blood pressure, and the bad eating habits were often associated with general overeating and excessive intake of salt. 65.5% of participants had a meal three times per day. 49.4% of male participants had a meal less than 15 minutes and 66.2% of female participants had a meal between 15 and 30 minutes. The average of workers who needed to nutrition education is 3.74+0.85. The most desired way of learning was through counseling (36.7%), with overweight and weight management identified as the most interested topics. A relatively high portion (80%) passed the nutrition knowledge assessment test. According to the survey the highest rate of full-time employment is 85.2% which showed in small work places (the number of people on meal plan was 100~300), however the lowest rate of full-time employment showed 70.0% in large workplaces (the number of people on meal plan was within 1,000).

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.269-295
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• 2011

This paper is about the part-time work and related polices in Netherland, which increased the employment rate for the past 30 years with part-time job creation. Netherland has been successful in making part-time 'good' jobs. There were many factors which contributed to increaing part-time jobs such as market, institution, policies, and industrial relations. There was virtuous cycle between increase in the supply of female labor power and increase in the demand for part-time worker in the labor market. The policies were reinforced which protect part-time workers, introduced the incentive system which was favorable to part-time wokres, guaranteed the right to select working hours to workers. Particularly, the labor market, institutions and policies were created in the midst of the social dialogue. As the polder model has been persisted for almost 30 years, the switch to full-time work or long working-hour model would not be possible. As the poler model is a very specific model based on the Netherland's own social conditions, it is not easy to copy and transplant in other countries.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.3
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• pp.31-40
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• 1993

The objective of this study was examine sick leave rates of hospital employees. The sick leave data of 2,123 employees in three(3) general hospitals located in Seoul during the period from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 1992 was analyzed to achieve the study objective. The sick leave rates were computed in compliance with the standards recommended by the International Association on Occupational Health. Univariate analysis methods($X^2$-test and ANOVA) were used to assess the sourse of variance in the rates. The results were as follows : 1. The total annual rates of sick leave were 4.8% in frequency(persons), 0.23% in lost time, 0.68 days in duration and 14.0 days in severity. 2. The sick leave rates of frequency(person). duration and lost time were significantly higher in female than male, in groups of 40-49 years than in the other age group, the married than the unmarried and in the long employment of 8 years or above than the short employment. But there was no significant difference in the rate of severity. Only the sick leave rate of frequency(person) was significantly related to the educatial status, but there was no significant difference in other analytical factors of sick leave rate. 3. The main causes of sick leave were injury and poisoning(24.3%), and disease of the digestive system, disease of the nervous system and sense organs, and complications of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium(respectively 11.6%). The severity rate was the highest in neoplasms(32.2 days), and followed by endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disease and immunity disorders, injury and poisoning, and infections and parasitic disease in descending order. 4. The sick leave rates of frequency(person), duration and lost time were the highest in nutritional workers followed by registered nurses. However, severity rate was the highest in doctors and pharmacists and followed by in nutritional works. 5. The main cause of sick leave was complication of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium in registered nurses(26.3%), injury and poisoning in nutritional workers(78.6%) and disease of respiratory system and digestive system in other workers.