• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 1986

This study is toidentify what makes people uncomfortable when people wear new shoes and to gain fundamental data for establishing shoe sizes. Data materal from the 16 measurement investigation conducted on 796 college girl students shows the following. 1) More than 96% of the subjects have experienced footache when they wore new shoes. It is significant that 45.76% of the subjects answered shoe width, especially pump-lining part cause them to feel more pain in their feet than any other measurement elements. 2) According to multiple correlation analysis to know which parts of feet determine shoe size, both multiple correlation coefficient of feet length to other parts of foot and joint girth to other parts of foot show the highest of R=0.93. 3) According to the ANOVA-tested result of estimated function when both foot-length-joint girth and foot length-joint girth-foot width are independent variables in each case, the level of α〈0.001 is very significant. 4) The comparision between KS G3116 adult women's shoe size establishment table and my table in this study reveals that the cases of more increased joint girth measurements than standard joint girth measurements in KS G 3116 table are easy to find.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.824-829
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• 2002

Optimum conditions for gelatin extraction from chicken feet subjected to liming and neutralization processes were determined in terms of the effects of extraction temperature and time on the yield and physicochemical properties of gelatin using response surface methodology. The yield of gelatin increased with the increased extraction temperature and time, whereas viscosity and hardness only increased up to certain levels of temperature and time, and decreased thereafter. Based on the physicochemical properties, the optimum conditions for gelatin extraction were determined as $73^{\circ}C$ for 3 h 40 min.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.911-915
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• 2002

This study was conducted to determine optimum levels of flavoring materials for gel-type dessert using chicken feet gelatin. Effects of levels of sucrose, citric acid and strawberry flavoring on the consumer acceptability of gelatin desserts were examined and the optimum levels were determined using response surface methodology. The optimum levels of flavoring materials determined for gelatin dessert containing 2% gelatin powder, were 19, 0.50, and 0.35% for sucrose, citric acid, and strawberry flavoring, respectively.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2004

Cold hypersensitivity is the condition with unusual cold sensitivity at temperature when others don't feel so. It is not disease in itself, but is known as having relationship with infertility, dysmenorrhea, anemia and endocrine disorder. The symptoms of cold hypersensitivity appear on limbs and abdomen especially, and may affect bowel movement such as constipation or diarrhea. We made a research of 86 healthy young girls who took medical examination and examined subjective bowel habit. The patients were divided into three group by defecation type, constipation(42), diarrhea(14) and normal group(30). Temperature differences$({\Delta}Ts)$ measured by DITI on upper and lower abdomen of each group had not statistically significance. Otherwise ${\Delta}Ts$ between upper arm and palm and between upper leg and foot were statistically signigicant. The severity of cold hypersensitivity on hands was in order constipation, normal and diarrhea group, and same as feet. The diarrhea patients had more severe cold hypersensitivity as compared with constipation patients. Correlation between ${\Delta}Ts$ on abdomen and hands or feet didn't exist. ${\Delta}Ts$ on hands and feet, however, had positive relationship. This research showed cold hypersensitivity could be related with diarrhea.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.95-112
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• 2005

We investigate Korean learners' speech-timing of English before and after instruction in comparison with native speech, in an attempt to resolve disagreements in the literature as to whether speech-timing is measurable (Lehiste, 1977; Roach, 1982; Dauer, 1983 vs. Low et al., 2000; Yun 2002; Jian, 2004). We measured the pair-wise variability between the adjacent stressed and unstressed syllables within a foot as well as that among adjacent feet in approximately 555 English sentences, which were read by 29 native speakers and 41 Korean learners in the intermediate proficiency level. The results show that in comparison with native American English, Korean learner speech is before instruction significantly (p<.001) smaller for the pair-wise variability between the adjacent stressed and unstressed syllables within a foot; and significantly (p=.01) bigger for the variability among adjacent feet within the utterance. The learner speech after instruction showed significant (p=.01) improvement in the pair-wise variability of syllable sequence toward native speech values. The variability among adjacent feet was progressively smaller for learner speech before and after instruction and for native speech (p=.03). We thus conclude that the speech timing difference between Korean English and American English is measurable in terms of the duration. of stressed and unstressed syllables and that the latter is stress-timed and the former is syllable-timing interfered.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 1999

The EMG(Electromyography) analysis was used to identify the fact the degree of inclined step was selected as dependent variable and feet muscle fatigue was selected as a independent variable. In a final result from EMG test. the shift in median frequency (MF) with 20, 25, 30, 35 degree of inclined steps indicated that 30 degree step was identified as most effective for a decrease in feet muscle fatigue. In a department store, 80% of the workers are female standing sales workers. They work at standing on average 10 hours per day. They performed heavy duty jobs such as lifting, lowering. packing and carrying heavy materials. Furthermore, even though they have work shoes, they usually use various kind of high heels. Eventually, this situation develops low-back-pain (LBP) problems for female workers. In conclusion, it is recommended that a particular branch in a department store claimed this step can effectively to circulate blood and significantly decrease feet muscle fatigue in lower extremity.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 1998

The conventional surgical treatment for deformed foot has always consisted of massive soft tissue releases combined with varying methods of osteotomies and fusions to plantigrade functional foot. But, the resulting feet have often been foreshortened, stiff, and nothing more than a cosmetically acceptable but functionally poor foot. Now the techniques of distraction histogenesis has been given a new tool to apply to the complex foot deformity. We have recently experienced two cases of severe deformed feet and treated with Ilizarov technique. One patient had postcompartmental severe rigid equinocavovarus foot. And the other had traumatic severe rigid metatarsus abductus. The follow up periods were 14 and 28 months respectively. The feet were aesthetically pleasing. So, we believed that the Jlizarov technique is an excellent treating method for severe deformed foot.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.572-578
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• 2022

An organism's physiological processes and behaviors are regulated by neuropeptides and hormone peptides. The first neuropeptide identified from echinoderms is SALMFamide. The two most well-studied SALMFamide neuropeptides are S1 and S2, which possess myoactivity on apical muscle, tube feet, and the cardiac stomach of starfishes. However, neuropeptide candidates identified from SALMFamide's precursor protein sequence have not been investigated. This study aims to compare the bioactivity of SALMFamide neuropeptides from the starfish Asterias rubens using various starfish muscle preparations. In this study, the bioactivity of the L-type SALMFamide neuropeptides from the starfish A. rubens, AYHTGLPFamide (SALMFa-A) and the derivative AYHSALMFamide (SALMFa-B) was investigated. The neuropeptides were applied on Asterias amurensis apical muscle, tube feet, which revealed that the neuropeptides exhibit relaxing activity on apical muscle but no activity on tube feet. The native SALMFa-A peptide had lower relaxing activity on the apical muscle compared to the derivative peptide SALMFa-B. The relaxing activity of two neuropeptides also was compared with those on the apical muscle of Patiria pectinifera, which revealed relaxing activity as well as SALMFamide-S1 and S2 neuropeptides. Moreover, the investigation of SALMFa-A and SALMFa-B peptides' bioactivity on P. pectinifera cardiac stomach muscle also showed slight relaxing activity.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.288-292
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• 2023

In the foot, the lumbricals flex the metatarsophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints. The lumbricals are known to be affected in neuropathies. It is not known whether they may degenerate in normal individuals. Here, we report our findings of isolated degenerated lumbricals in seemingly normal feet of two cadavers. We explored lumbricals in 20 male and 8 female cadavers that were 60-80 years of age at the time of death. As part of routine dissection, we exposed the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and the lumbricals. From the degenerated lumbricals, we took some tissue for paraffin-embedding, sectioning, and staining by hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson's trichrome technique. Of the 224 lumbricals studied, we found four apparently degenerated lumbricals in two male cadavers. In the first, the 2nd and 4th lumbricals in the left foot and the 2nd in the right foot were degenerated. In the second, the right 4th lumbrical was degenerated. Microscopically, the degenerated tissue was made of bundles of collagen. The lumbricals may have degenerated due to compression of their nerve supply. We cannot comment on whether the functionality of the feet were affected by these isolated degeneration of the lumbricals.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2007

Proper weight shifting is essential for a successful shot in golf swing and this could be described by means of the ground forces between the feet and ground. It is assumed that the ground forces would different according to the club used because the length and swing weight of each club is different. But, in present, it is not clear what changes are made by the change of clubs and this affect the swing motion. Therefore this study focused on the investigation of the changes of the ground forces and ground reaction forces (GRF) by the change of club length. The subjects were three professional male golfers. Four swings (driver, iron 3, iron 5, and iron 7) for each subject were taken by two high speed video cameras and two AMTI force platforms were used to measure the GRF simultaneously. Kwon GRF 2.0 and Mathcad 13 software were used to post processing the data. Changes of the three major component of GRF (Vertical, lateral, anterior-posterior force) at 10 predefined events were analyzed including the maximum. Major findings of this study were as follows. 1. Vertical forces; - There were no significant changes until the top of backswing. - Maximum was occurred at the club horizontal position in the downswing for both feet. The shorter club produced more maximum forces than longer ones in the left foot, but reverse were true for the right foot. - Maximum forces at impact shows the same patterns. 2. Lateral forces; Maximum was occurred at the club horizontal position for both feet, but there were no lateral forces because the direction of two forces was different. Maximum force pattern by different clubs was same as the vertical component. 3. Anterior-posterior forces; - This component made a counter-clock wise moment about a vertical axis located between two foot until the club vertical position was reached during the backswing, and reverse moment were produced when the club reached horizontal at the downswing. - Also this component made a forward moment about a horizontal axis located in the CG during the fore half of the downswing, and a reverse moment until the club reached vertical at the follow through phase. Maximum was occurred at the club vertical in the downswing for both feet. The longer club produced more maximum forces than shorter ones for both feet.