• 기본간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.383-392
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess critical care nurses' perception, knowledge, and nursing practices regarding enteral nutrition. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted with 187 nurse participants who worked in one of the eight medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs) from four hospitals in Korea. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Although critical care nurses' perception toward enteral nutrition was high, knowledge was relatively low. The overall perception and knowledge of the nurses did not differ significantly between medical ICU and surgical ICU nurses. Perception of their own knowledge, in particular, 'nutritional goal' was lower for medical ICU nurses compared to surgical ICU nurses. Nurses also had limited knowledge about the significance of enteral nutrition, confirmation of feeding tube location, and nutritional requirements for ICU patients. They inadequately performed the following: changing the feeding tube every 24 hours, inspecting nostrils daily, and adjusting feeding schedule if feeding was stopped. Conclusion: Our results indicate that ICU nurses need up-to-date information about enteral nutrition. Based on the improved perception and knowledge, nursing practice activities with regard to enteral nutrition should be emphasized to enable nurses to provide optimal nutrition for ICU patients.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.28-35
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• 2015

본 연구는 개에서 복강경 위관삽입술(LG)을 시행, 수술시간, 합병증, 유착부를 평가하여 수의분야에서 LG의 유용성을 내시경 유도하 경피 위관삽입술(PEG)에 준하여 확인하였다. 정상 비글견 8마리를 두 군으로 나누어 Tri-Funnel Replacement Gastrostomy tube (Bard Inc., USA, 20 Fr.)와 PEG kit (Ponsky "Pull" PEG Kit$^{(R)}$, Bard Inc., USA, 20 Fr.)를 이용하여 LG 및 PEG를 실시하였다. 위관을 통한 영양 공급은 유지 열량 요구량(MER)을 1일 3회로 나누어 2주간 진행하고 LG와 PEG의 수술 중, 수술 후, 사후로 나누어 평가하였다. 모든 개체에서 위관삽입은 성공적이었고, PEG 군에서의 평균 수술 시간이 LG군에 비해 유의적으로 짧았다(p < 0.05). 위-복막간 유착은 군간 모든 개체에서 양호하게 형성되었으나 평균 유착 길이(AL)와 너비(AW)의 수치가 LG군에서 PEG군에 비해 유의하게 높았다 (p < 0.05). 평균 유착 거리(AD)는 군간 차이를 보이지 않았다(p = 0.182). 본 연구를 통해 개에서 LG는 최소 침습적이면서 쉽고 안전하게, 그리고 효과적으로 장관 영양 공급을 실시할 수 있는 방법임이 확인되었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.48-59
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• 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effect of active nutrition care on feeding and nutritional status of elderly patients receiving long-term enteral tube feeding. Methods: Subjects included 77 elderly patients who had received enteral nutrition more than one week before admission. Nutrition care was provided to patients supplied less calories than required. Feeding intolerance was examined and managed every day and formula was adjusted to meet nutritional requirement during the first 3 months after admission. Patients were classified into under or over 80% of percent ideal body weight (PIBW) and medical records were used to compare changes in weight,, biochemical indices, and nutritional status during the study. Results: Weight, BMI, triglyceride and total cholesterol in blood, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were significantly lower in patients under 80% of the PIBW than in those over 80% of the PIBW at admission. The percentage of supply to required calories was also lower in patients under 80% of the PIBW. After 1 month of nutritional care, supplied volume of formula was significantly increased in patients under 80% of the PIBW. Weight, BMI, and PIBW were increased and there were no differences between groups after 6 months. In addition, the concentrations of triglyceride and total cholesterol in blood, hemoglobin, and hematocrit tended to increase in patients under 80% of the PIBW, leading to no difference between groups after 3 months. Conclusions: Personalized active nutrition care is effective to increase weight and improve feeding and nutritional status in underweight elderly patients receiving long-term enteral nutrition.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.26-29
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• 2008

Recently, the hydroforming of high strength aluminum tubes has many studies and applications in manufacturing industry, especially in automotive industry. But high strength aluminum tube has limited expansion capability at most 15% at normal temperature. New manufacturing process, called hot air forming, is introduced to apply aluminum tube to the automotive sub frame components which have complex shape and require high expansion ratio about 40%. The process is carried out at the elevated temperature above $500^{\circ}C$, so numerous material properties and process parameters related to high temperature should be investigated and determined to get a sound product. In this paper, the hot air forming process of automotive sub frame was investigated. The effect of the forming parameters such as the temperature of tool, axial feeding and gas pressure are analyzes by using explicit finite element method.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.326-335
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• 2016

Purpose: It is crucial to provide adequate enteral nutrition for postoperative recovery, wound healing and normal growth in infants in pediatric cardiac ICUs. This study was done to develop a feeding protocol using the vaso-active inotropic (VAI) score and to evaluate the impact of nutritional outcomes following the new feeding protocol for infants who underwent cardiac surgery. Methods: This study consisted of three phases. First, a feeding protocol was developed based on a literature review. Second, ten experts rated the content validity. Third, a comparison study was conducted to evaluate the impact of the new feeding protocol. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: Twenty-nine infants were enrolled in the pre-protocol group, and 22 infants in the post-protocol group. Patients in the 2 groups were similar. Time to reach feeding goal was significantly decreased from 56.0 (27-210) hours to 28.5 (10-496) hours in the post-protocol group (Z=-4.22, p<.001). Level of enteral feeding knowledge among nurses increased significantly after implementation of the protocol. Conclusion: The feeding protocol using VAI score facilitates the achievement feeding goal to decrease feeding interruptions and help nurses in their practice. Larger studies are necessary to examine clinical outcomes following the implementation of this feeding protocol.

• 대한병원협회지
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• 제19권6호통권175호
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• pp.45-50
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• 1990

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.186-190
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• 2018

Esophageal atresia (EA) with proximal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF; gross type B) is a rare defect. Although most patients have long-gap EA, there are still no established surgical guidelines. A premature male infant with symmetric intrauterine growth retardation (birth weight, 1,616 g) was born at 35 weeks and 5 days of gestation. The initial diagnosis was pure EA (gross type A) based on failure to pass an orogastric tube and the absence of stomach gas. A "feed and grow" approach was implemented, with gastrostomy performed on postnatal day 2. A fistula was detected during bronchoscopy for recurrent pneumonia; thus, we confirmed type B EA and performed TEF excision and cervical end esophagostomy. As the infant's stomach volume was insufficient for bolus feeding after reaching a body weight of 2.5 kg, continuous tube feeding was provided through a gastrojejunal tube. On the basis of these findings, esophageal reconstruction with gastric pull-up was performed on postnatal day 141 (infant weight, 4.7 kg), and he was discharged 21 days postoperatively. At 12 months after birth, there was no catch-up growth; however, he is currently receiving a baby food diet without any complications. In patients with EA, bronchoscopy is useful for confirming TEF, whereas for those with long-gap EA with a small stomach volume, esophageal reconstruction with gastric pull-up after continuous feeding through a gastrojejunal tube is worth considering.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the guidelines for cleaning the feeding bags by comparing the level of contamination according to cleaning and disinfection methods when feeding tube of Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit patients. Methods: This study was a true-experimental study, with 48 cases in total. The feeding bag of 48 patients were randomly assigned to detergent cleaning method or disinfectant decontamination method. The period of the experiment was January to July 2008, and enteral nutrition was given within 30 minutes for 2 hours, 4 times a day at 7AM, noon, 5PM, and 9PM for seven days. Feeding bags were cleaned after each feeding according to the assigned cleaning and disinfection method followed by microbial cultures on 4th and 8th day before the 7AM feeding. Results: After three and seven days of feeding and cleaning, the level of contamination was significantly lower when bags were cleaned with disinfectant than cleaning with detergent and tepid water. Conclusion: In cases where feeding bags are reused, for example, intensive care unit and home care settings, study findings indicate that cleaning bags with disinfectant is an effective way to prevent contamination of bags.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.236-244
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• 1986

본 연구는 한국 동해 대륙붕에 출현하는 주요 저서 다모류의 서식지 환경에 대한 정보를 얻기 위해 1985년 4월에 수행되었다. 총 95출현종 중 조사 지역에서의 출현빈도, 출현량 또는 개체군 밀도에 있어서 중요한 우점종들로는 Terebellides stroemi, Chaetozone setosa, Magelona japonica, Ampharete arctica, Aglaophamus sinensis, Nothria holobranchiata, Lumbrineris japonica, Myriochele gracilis, Notoproctus pacificus 등 9개 종이다. 이들 우점동의 주된 먹이는 규조류와 기타 유기파편들로 구성되었으며 식이형에 있어서는 표층하 퇴적물 식자(subsurface deposit feeder)와 표층퇴적물 식자(surface deposit feeder)에 속하는 종들이 대부분 이다. 육식자로 간주되는 M. holobranchiata 와 L. japonica 의 경우에도 그들의 내 장 내용물이 세립질 퇴적물로 구성된 경우가 많다. 사질 또는 역질의 조립질 퇴적 물이 우세한 환경에 서식하는 관서 다모류는 내장이 매우 세립질의 퇴적물로 채워 져 있고 , 또한 그들의 서관도서식지 퇴적물에 비해 세립질의 입자들로 구성되어 있다. 이러한 사실들은 이들 다모류가 식이와 서관 형성에 서관의 구조와 지역적인 분포 양상은 동해 대륙붕에서의 서식지 환경 특징인 해저지형 구조 또는 수심, 먹 이의 공급원, 퇴적환경의 에너지 분포에 의한 퇴적물 입도 조성등과 잘 일치됨을 보여준다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.442-451
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• 2004

Protein-calories malnutrition is common among patients in the hospital. In particular, elderly patients with neurologic disorders has more risk of nutritional deficiency due to swallowing difficulty. Enteral tube feeding is more economical, physiological and immunological than parenteral nutrition for patients who have adequate gastrointestinal function. This study was conducted patients with neurologic disorders who received enteral nutrition at Asan Medical Center from February 1 to October 10, 2002. The control group (48 patients) were given traditional feeding methods 4 times a day while the treatment group (45 patients) were given improved feeding methods 3 times a day. We assessed nutritional status of patients and compared to both groups. We investigated body weight, serum albumin, hemoglobin, total lymphocyte count by means of nutrition markers. The objectives of this study is to reduce the time needed for nutritional requirement of patients without an increase in gastrointestinal intolerances. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Nutritional status of many patients in both groups were either malnourished or at risk for malnutrition. 2. The time to arrive to the nutritional requirements were 6.21 $\pm$ 0.35 days for the control group and 4.24 $\pm$ 0.52 days for the treatment group. The treatment group showed a significantly shorter amount of time. 3. The changes of the nutritional marker in the control group showed a significant drop in body weight, serum albumin and serum hemoglobin while the treatment group experienced a significant increase in body weight, serum albumin and total lymphocyte count. 4. Feeding intolerane such as diarrhea, high residual volume, ileus, nausea and vomiting were investigated. Diarrhea found in 25.1% (12 patients) of the control group and 22.2% (10 patients) of the treatment group and these findings are not significant.