• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.218-227
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to develop dietary change program items that could be used to improve dietary life of the elderly and investigate their validity. Methods: The survey was were analyzed by SPSS program (Ver. 21) and descriptive statistics was performed; a t-test, ${\chi}^2$ test, One-way ANOVA and Friedman test were used to determine the priority. Results: Programs for feeding senior citizens that need to be newly established are largely divided into two fields, namely, application of welfare facilities and application of home care, classified into large, medium and sub-classes. The large class was divided into nutrition management, sanitary control, and other health management. The medium class of nutrition management was divided into nutrition education, nutrition intervention, and menu management and supply. The sub-class was composed of division into application of welfare facilities for the elderly and application of home care for the same age group. Responses showed high rate saying that all the categorized items were necessary and valid. With respect to expectation effect on a community program for old people feeding, 'yes' was 65 people (55.6%) showing very high expectation toward the question whether a community program for old people feeding are newly set up. Conclusions: It is believed that nutrition for the aged will be improved and it will be a help not only to a small facilities without obligation of employing a dietician but also to the aged at home if a community program for old people feeding are newly established.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1355-1364
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• 1999

Mother and infant relationship has a great influence on child's developments. In this study, nursing intervention to increase maternal sensitivity to the infant's cues was applied to 25 primiparas (Experimental Group). Mother and infant interacations of these primiparas were compared with those of 25 primiparas (Control Group) who did not receive the nursing intervention. Fifty primiparas and infants were recruited from a university hospital, a general hospital, and an OBGY clinic located in Taegu city. Mother and infant interactions were assessed at 6 weeks after birth using videotapes. Feeding situations were videotaped and two trained observers analyzed the tapes. Data were collected from March 23rd to July 27th of 1998. Mother and infant interactions during feeding were assessed by the response rating scale which was modified by the author based on NCAST feeding scale (Barnard, 1978a) and AMIS scale (Price, 1983). The validity of the modified rating scale was verified by faculty members and researchers who previously had research experience in the area. Cronbach's Alpha of the modified scale for this study was .90. The data was analyzed by SAS program, using wilcoxon rank sums test, chi square test, Fisher's exact test, and ANOVA. Findings were as follows: 1. Mothers in the experimental group were more likely to have higher scores in mother and infant interactions during feeding than mothers in the control group. 2. Mothers in the experimental group showed better sensitivity to infant's signals or cues, provided growth fostering, and had higher responsibility to the infant's distress than mothers in the control group. 3. Infants in the experimental group showed higher clarity of cues and responsibility to the mother's behaviors than infants in the control group. 4. Mothers and infants in the experimental group showed higher synchronic responses than mothers and infants in the control group. In conclusion, this study has shown that the applied nursing intervention promoted mother and infant interaction among primiparas. Therefore, this study suggests that the nursing interventions to increase maternal sensitivity to the infant's cues should be broadly applied to primiparas, which can be beneficial to the social, affective, and cognitive developments of their children.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to develop and validate Eating Behaviors Test form (EBT) for infants and young children, including eating behaviors of their parents and parental feeding practices. Methods: Draft version of EBT form was developed after a pretest on 83 mothers. It was consisted of 42 questions including 3 components; eating behavior of children, eating behavior of parents, and parental feeding practices. Using these questionnaires, the first survey was conducted on 320 infants and children, 1 to 6 year old, for exploratory factor analysis, and the second survey was collected on 731 infants and children for confirmatory factor analysis. Results: Exploratory factor analysis on 42 questions of EBT form resulted in 3 factor model for children's eating behavior, 3 factor model for parents' eating behavior, and 1 factor model for parental feeding practices. Three factors for children's eating behavior could be explained as follows; factor 1, pickiness (reliability ${\alpha}=0.89$; explanation of variance=27.79), factor 2, over activity (${\alpha}=0.80$, explanation of variance=16.51), and factor 3, irregularity (${\alpha}=0.59$, explanation of variance=10.01). Three factors for mother's eating behavior could be explained as follows; factor 1,irregularities (${\alpha}=0.73$, explanation of variance=21.73), factor 2, pickiness (${\alpha}=0.65$, explanation of variance= 20.16), and factor 3, permissiveness (${\alpha}=0.60$, explanation of variance=19.13). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed an acceptance fit for these models. Internal consistencies for these factors were above 0.6. Conclusions: Our results indicated that EBT form is a valid tool to measure comprehensive eating and feeding behaviors for infants and young children.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the types of breastfeeding visits by mothers twenty-four months after birth and to identify the factors that increased breast feeding rates. Methods: The subjects of this study totaled seven hundred and seventy-four mothers with infants aged 2 years or less who had visited national medical institutions including Sanhujori service facilities, breastfeeding care service facilities, and community health centers. Data was collected from June 22 to July 31, 2009. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, ANOVA with a post hoc Scheffe test, and multiple logistic regression. Results: Major findings of this study were significant differences of planned length of breastfeeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy in relation to the differing types of breast feeding community visits by mothers. In multivariate logistic regression, baby's age, exclusive breastfeeding at hospital, utilization of breastfeeding care service facility, planned length of breastfeeding, and breastfeeding self-efficacy were independent predictors of the feeding type. Conclusion: In order to increase breastfeeding rates, programs provided by public health care services and medical facilities should start education on breast feeding in the hospital before mothers are discharged and then continue through the use of Sanhujori service facilities and workplace at 3 month and 6 month postpartum.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.77-84
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• 2003

The properties of a machine tool greatly affect machining quality since a machine tool has large variance in its features. Machine tool makers want to find best machining condition with the one that they have built. Machine builders need to develop test specimen since it helps finding characteristics of machine tools when the machining properties of the specimen are analyzed. This paper develops test specimen to identify features of the main spindle, the feeding device, and the frame of a machine tool. The specimen is machined with a high speed machine and the features of the machine are analyzed with test items. They are surface roughness, overshoot in axial movement, errors in circular movement, feeding with small movement and compensational error. This work can improve usability for a machine tool in machining practice.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1858-1863
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• 2003

The properties of a machine tool greatly affect machining quality since a machine tool has large variance in its features. Machine tool makers want to find best machining condition with the one that they have built. Machine builders need to develop test specimen since it helps finding characteristics of machine tools when the machining properties of the specimen are analyzed. This paper develops test specimen to identify features of the main spindle, the feeding device, and the frame of a machine tool. The specimen is machined with a high speed machine and the features of the machine are analyzed with test items. They are surface roughness, overshoot in axial movement, errors in circular movement, feeding with small movement, and compensational error. This work can improve usability for a machine tool in machining practice.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2001

Many workers in the garlic peeling factory are separating the sound peeled garlics from the unpeeled and defective ones in a manual way. In order to reduce the seasonal labor requirement and operating cost, the mechanized garlic sorting system such as the vision-based garlic sorter should be developed. This study was conducted as one of basic studies on developing quality evaluation technique for peeled garlics, especially to developed the system for acquiring the whole surface images of garlics with a CCD camera. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. The belt-type garlic rotation system was devised to apply for the vision-based garlic sorter and was tested to decide the criteria of design and optimum conveying speed. 2. To evaluate the performance of the developed garlic rotation system, feeding rate and rotating rate were measured under the conditions of four experimental factors such as the inclined angle of rotating belt, the inclined angle of feeding belt, the height of plate arrays on feeding belt and the conveying speed of belts. And the capacity of the system according to mixture ratios of peeled garlics and unpeeled garlics was analyzed as a feasibility test. 3. For the inclined angle of rotating belt 20°and height of plate array on feeding belt 22㎜, the maximum rotating rate for garlic samples including unpeeled ones was 81.1% at the conveying speed of 4.2 garlic/sec. And under these condition, the maximum feeding rate was 85% at the inclined angle of feeding belt 6.5°. 4. The capacity of the developed garlic rotation system was almost constant regardless of mixture ratio of peeled garlics and unpeeled garlics and its range was 2.95∼3.92 garlic/sec. At the conveying speed of 4.2 garlic/sec, the capacity of the garlic rotation system was calculated ad 58∼64 kg/hr. 5. To improve performance of the garlic rotation system, it is recommended to develop a device to slide garlics into feeding belt.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.138-152
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• 1995

The condition of nutrition during infancy will greatly affect infants' physical, emotional growth, especially breast feeding is important in their growth and development, and emotional stability, too. Despite such advantages of breast-feeding, its rate has continued to fall year after year in Korea : the 95% rate in 1960's has fallen to 25.4% in 1990. It is known that such a downfall of breast-feeding rate is associated with various factors. The purpose of the study is to examine mother's and nurses' in nursery perception of the impediment factors of breast-feeding : to compare those between of breast-feeding : to compare those between two groups : to provide fundamental data for developing strategies for increasing breast-feeding. The subjects were 45 new mothers from one hospital and the same number of nurses sampled from 3 university hospitals, in Seoul. The data were collected for 11 days from April 12 to April 23, 1994 and a questionnaire was developed based on the interview with 14 nurses and 10 mothers and the literature reviews. Liker's Five-Point Scale was used as measurement. The Data were analyzed using SPSS / PC and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA. The results of study are as follows : 1) Most new mothers get the information about breast-feeding from their mothers, books or newspaper, and relatives in rank than professionals(nurses or doctors). 2) The impediment factors the breast-feeding are categorized as mothers, hospital system, medical personnels and social factors. The most frequently mentioned impediment factors from mothers are 'Difficulty by operational wounds'(3.13), 'Lack of will for breast-feeding'(3.47), 'Insufficient rest and sleep'(3.52) and 'Opposition from husband or his family members'(4.77)in rank. On the other hand those factors from nurses are 'Inadequate nipple condition'(2.37), 'Decreasing milk secretion given medicine after operation'(2.63), 'Mothers knowledge deficit by poorly prepared education'(2.79) and 'Mothers abhorance of breast-feeing'(3.87) in rank. 3) As for the hospital system, the highly perceived impediment factors by mothers are 'Seperation of baby from mother after birth'(2.78), 'Lack of space for breast-feeding in the hospital'(2.93), 'Lack of facility for informing the time for breast-feeding'(3.18) and 'Because of babys' preference artificial nipple by being accustomed to it in hospital(3.97), in rank. Meanwhile, those from nurses are "Seperation of baby from mother after birth",(1.92), "Inconsistency between hospital's nursing time and mother's breast secretion time" scretion time(2.97), "Lack of space for breast-feeding in the hospital"(3.39), and "Lack of facility for informing the time for breast-feeding"(3.74) 4) As for the medical personnels, the highestly perceived Impediment factor from mothers in "Lack of professional nurses for breast-feeding"(2.96), and the lowestly perceived one is "Doctors' reluctance"(4.75). Nurses perceived same as mothers, too. 5) As for the social factors, the highestly perceived impediment factor by mothers and nurses is "Inconvience of social activities"(2.83) and the lowestly ones are "The sense of self-sacrifice"(4.22) by mothers, and "The sense of old fashioned"(4.13) by nurses. 6) The difference of the perception of impediment factors between mothers and nurses is statistically significant only in mother factor.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 1998

This study was conducted to compare the meat characteristics Korean Native Commercial Chicken(KNCC) by feeding system Feeding system of T$_1$ and T$_2$were same types from hatch to 8 weeks, starter diets( 0~4 weeks, mash, ME 3,l00kcal, CP 22.94%), grower diets(4~8 weeks, crumble, ME 3,l00kcal, CP 19.31%). Nutrient contents of finisher diets of T$_1$(pellet, M.E 3, 200kcal, CP 20.44%) was higher than T$_2$(mash, ME 3,l00kcal, CP 14.88%). Breast and legs meat of KNCC were used to analyze chemical composition, physicochemical characteristics, textural traits and sensory evaluation test. Live weight(L.W) /abdominal fat accumulation(A.F.A) was significantly different(P<0.05), but live weight(L.W) /dressed weight(D.W), percentage of cutted meat, chemical composition(moisture, CF, EE, CA), meat color(CIE), physicochemical properties, sensory evaluation score were not significantly by feeding systerns, at 12 ar'd 16 weeks of age.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.34-37
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• 2007

Propellant filling and holding test was carried out using liquid oxygen as a working fluid. The feeding line system has a filter at propellant tank outlet. Vaporization of liquid oxygen during holding after completion of filling and effect of vaporization to recirculation performance in this system was observed. Filling rate and pressure of tank ullage had the effect on state of liquid oxygen in feeding line. There was no geysering in feeding line during holding because of the position of filter.