• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.293-297
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• 2018

Controlling the residual glucose concentration is important for improving productivity in $\text\tiny{L}$-threonine fermentation. In this study, we developed a procedure to automatically control the feeding quantity of glucose solution as a function of ammonia-water consumption rate. The feeding ratio ($R_{C/N}$) of glucose and ammonia water was predetermined via a stoichiometric approach, on the basis of glucose-ammonia water consumption rates. In a 5-L fermenter, 102 g/l $\text\tiny{L}$-threonine was obtained using our glucose-ammonia water combined feeding strategy, which was then successfully applied in a 500-L fermenter (89 g/l). Therefore, we conclude that an automatic combination feeding strategy is suitable for improving $\text\tiny{L}$-threonine production.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2010

Problems in feeding habits could affect various aspects of children including growth, learning, communication, interaction with other children, etc. Oral consumption was defined as a participant opening his/her mouth, accepting food/liquid, and swallowing. A goal of the study is to find a method of evaluation and intervention of a child's feeding habits. Feeding is an important component in the early development of children and may have later consequences in the child's ability to participate successfully in their activities of daily life. Children show personal difference on the foods which they try first because stimuli from the foods are revealed as a mealtime behavior through sensory registration and processing. Feeding problems in sensory processing consist of tactile oversensitivity, oral refusal, tactile undersensitivity, and oral dyspraxia. In order to identify problems of sensory processing among feeding difficulties and plan intervention, the understanding of neurological processing and sensory processing characteristics related to feeding is necessary. Reviewing intervention for feeding problems related to sensory processing is required for an effective approach for feeding and providing better life for children.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.600-606
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• 2016

The effects of feeding frequency on the growth, food consumption, body composition, and hematological response of the Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii were investigated for 77 days at ambient water temperatures (17.2-24.5℃) in a sea cage in Tongyeong, Korea. Three replicate groups of fish were hand-fed to satiation with a commercial diet in one of four different feeding frequency trials (one meal every 2 days, and one, two and three meals per day). At the end of the experiment, the mean weight gain, specific growth rate, and daily feed intake of fish fed one and two meals per day were significantly higher than those of fish fed one meal every 2 days or three meals per day. The feed efficiency of the fish fed three meals per day was significantly lower than that of the fish in the other groups. The glucose concentration of fish fed one meal every 2 days was significantly higher than that of the other groups. We conclude that the optimum feeding frequency for improving the growth of Korean rockfish weighing 100-200 g reared in sea cages is one meal per day under our experimental conditions.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2007

In 2006, we studied herbivore consumption rate and preference for algal species using laboratory experiments. In the no-choice feeding experiment, three herbivores (two sea urchins, Stronglyocentrotus nudus and Stronglyocentrotus intermedius and an abalone, Haliotis discus hannai) showed significantly (P<0.05) distinct preferences for four algae (Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Costaria costata and Ecklonia stolonifera). The alga preferred by S. nudus was L. japonica followed by U. pinnatifida, C. costata and E. stolonifera with respective daily feeding rates of $5.7{\pm}:0.85\;g,\;4.4{\pm}0.89\;g,\;3.1{\pm}0.39\;g\;and\;2.1{\pm}0.32\;g(mean{\pm}SE)$. A similar trend was found for S. intermedius. Interestingly, the herbivore consumption rates for the algae differed with or without competition. The competition stimulated the feeding activity for S. nudus, but lowered the activity for S. intermedius. The multi-choice feeding experiment confirmed that L. japonica was significantly preferred by two herbivores: S. nudus and H. discus hannai (Duncan's multiple range test, ANOVA, p<0.05).

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.441-448
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• 2014

We examined the effects of dietary nutrient content, feeding period, and feed allowance on compensatory growth, food use, chemical composition, and serum chemistry of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. We placed 720 juvenile fish into 24 400-L flow-through round tanks (30 fish per tank).A $2{\time}2{\time}2$ factorial design (diet: control (C) and high protein and lipid (HPL) ${\time}$ feeding period: 8 and 6 weeks ${\time}$ feed allowance: 100% and 90% of satiation) was applied. Fish were hand-fed twice daily, based on the designated feeding schedule. Weight gain and food consumption were affected by both the feeding period and feed allowance, but not by diet. The food efficiency ratio was not affected by diet, feeding period, or feed allowance, but the protein efficiency ratio and protein retention were affected by diet and feeding period, respectively. We found that the full compensatory growth of fish was not achieved at a restricted feeding allowance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.213-215
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• 1994

Poultry feeding systems are likely to change for increased efficiency of production. An experiment was conducted to compare the response of broilers to choice feeding of corn with a standard broiler ration. The treatments consisted of providing broiler feed as the only feed (SINGLE FEED) and access to corn as a choice to a complete broiler feed (CHOICE FEEDING). Weights and feed consumption were obtained at weekly intervals. Samples at the conclusion of the experiment were taken to determine the weight of abdominal fat. Results showed that there was no significant difference in term of liveweight between the two feeding regimes. However, birds given a choice of the broiler feed and corn had better feed efficiency which is reflected by the lower total feed intake. Corn intake was 23.1% of total feed intake in the choice fed birds. In term of carcass colour, birds fed corn as a choice was observed to have a deeper yellow skin colour than the birds fed with broiler feed only.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.372-379
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• 1998

Feeding habits of Favonigobius gymnauchen collected from the eelgrass bed in Kwangyang Bay from January 1994 to December 1994 were studied. Favonigobius gymnauchen was a carnivore which consumed mainly gammarid amphipods, polychaetes, crabs and copepods. Its diets included minor Quantities of gastropods, tanaids and isopods. It showed ontogenetic changes in feeding habits. Small individuals (1$\~$2 cm) fed mainly on gammarid amphipods, polychaetes, and copepods. While the portion of the stomach contents attributable to polychaetes and crabs increased steadily with incensing fish size, consumption of copepods decreased progressively. Gammarid amphipods were the most selected prey item for all size classes. Although gammarid amphipods, polychaetes, crabs and copepods were major prey organisms for all seasons, the relative proportion of these food items changed with season. Consumption of copepods was relatively high in spring and fall and consumption of gammarid amphipods, polychaetes and crabs was relatively high in summer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 1999

Feeding Habits of Acanthogobius flavimanus collected from the eelgrass bed in Kwangyang Bay from January to December 1994 were studied. A. flavimanus was a carnivore which consumed mainly polychaetes, crabs, shrimps, gammarid amphipods and fishes. Its diets included small quantities of ophiuroids, gastropods, bivalves, caprellid amphipods, isopods and tanaids. It showed ontogenetic changes in feeding habits. Small individuals fed mainly on polychaetes and amphipods. While the consumption of polychaetes and amphipods decreased with increasing fish sin, the consumption of shrimps, crabs and fishes increased. A. flavimanus fed diverse prey organisms in adult stage. The relative proportion of the major prey items changed with season. Although the consumption of polychaetes, shrimps and gammarid amphipods was relatively high in spring and autumn, A. flavimanus fed various prey organisms in nearly equal proportions in the other seasons.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.58-60
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• 2001

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of nutrient level and feeding method of split diets for a.m. and p.m. on laying hen performance. In both studies, ISA Brown layers were kept in laying hen cages and treatments were represented by three or four replicates each containing 25 or 34 birds. In Experiment 1, the control group(C) was fed a conventional single diet throughout the day and split diet groups(T1, T2 and T3) were offered high energy/protein - low Ca diet and low energy/protein - high Ca diets in a.m. and p.m., respectively. In split diet groups, ME and CP consumption, and feed cost required per day and per kg egg mass were significantly reduced(P＜0.05) compared to C group, while the hen-day egg production, average egg weight and daily feed intake were not different among treatments. In the second study, C and T1 groups were fed the diets same to the C and T2 groups in Experiment 1, respectively. And T2 group was fed the diet mixed with the split diets for a.m. in mash and p.m. in pellet used in T1 group. In T1 and T2 groups, daily feed intake and average egg weight were significantly reduced(P＜0.05), while the hen-day egg production was not influenced by the feeding system. Daily ME and CP consumption, and feed cost were reduced(P＜0.05) in T1 and T2, while the ME, CP and feed cost required per kg egg mass were not different to the C group. In both study, eggshell qualities were improved(P＜0.05) by split diet feeding. It was concluded the feed and nutrients consumption, feed cost per day or per kg egg mass could be spared by introducing split diets for a.m. and p.m., and the feeding method of mixed diet of split diets was also convenient and effective for sparing feed cost and improvement of eggshell quality.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.512-520
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The 6-23 months for infants is the longest period in the "first 1,000 days" of life. This period is very important for child development, so complementary feeding (CF) practices should be optimized to maximize children's potential for growth and development. The aim of this study was to analyze the CF practices and nutritional status of children aged 6-23 months. SUBJECTS/METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, 392 children aged 6-23 months were selected using stratified random sampling. Socio-demographic data were collected through interviews. CF practices, collected by interviews and repeated 24-hour food recall method, were the timely introduction of CF, minimum meal frequency, dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet, consumption food rich in proteins and vitamin A. Nutritional status was assessed using the indicators of underweight, wasting and stunting. To analyze the association between socio-demographic indicators and CF with nutritional status, the chi-square test with a confidence interval of 95% was used. RESULTS: Results showed that 39% were exclusively breastfed, only 61% received prolonged breastfeeding and 50% received timely introduction of CF. Minimum meal frequency was met by 74% of subjects, but dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet were only realized in 50% and 40% of the children, respectively. The prevalence of underweight, wasting, and stunting were 26%, 23%, and 28%, respectively. Age of the child, birth order, birth weight, parents' education level, family size and incidence of fever and diarrhea during the previous two weeks were associated with underweight, while child's birth order, fathers' education level, mother's age, family size, completion of the age-appropriate vaccination and fish consumption frequency were associated with wasting. Age of the child, incidence of fever and acute respiratory infection, and fortified food consumption were associated with stunting. CONCLUSIONS: Suboptimal CF practices and high prevalence of underweight, wasting and stunting were found among children aged 6-23 months old in Aceh. These results highlight the need to improve CF and nutritional status.