• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2001

Many workers in the garlic peeling factory are separating the sound peeled garlics from the unpeeled and defective ones in a manual way. In order to reduce the seasonal labor requirement and operating cost, the mechanized garlic sorting system such as the vision-based garlic sorter should be developed. This study was conducted as one of basic studies on developing quality evaluation technique for peeled garlics, especially to developed the system for acquiring the whole surface images of garlics with a CCD camera. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. The belt-type garlic rotation system was devised to apply for the vision-based garlic sorter and was tested to decide the criteria of design and optimum conveying speed. 2. To evaluate the performance of the developed garlic rotation system, feeding rate and rotating rate were measured under the conditions of four experimental factors such as the inclined angle of rotating belt, the inclined angle of feeding belt, the height of plate arrays on feeding belt and the conveying speed of belts. And the capacity of the system according to mixture ratios of peeled garlics and unpeeled garlics was analyzed as a feasibility test. 3. For the inclined angle of rotating belt 20°and height of plate array on feeding belt 22㎜, the maximum rotating rate for garlic samples including unpeeled ones was 81.1% at the conveying speed of 4.2 garlic/sec. And under these condition, the maximum feeding rate was 85% at the inclined angle of feeding belt 6.5°. 4. The capacity of the developed garlic rotation system was almost constant regardless of mixture ratio of peeled garlics and unpeeled garlics and its range was 2.95∼3.92 garlic/sec. At the conveying speed of 4.2 garlic/sec, the capacity of the garlic rotation system was calculated ad 58∼64 kg/hr. 5. To improve performance of the garlic rotation system, it is recommended to develop a device to slide garlics into feeding belt.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2006

A tape feeder is an important feeding device to supply micro-chips such as 1005 and 0603 components to PCB in SMT process. Traditionally, tape feeding methods using sprocket wheel mechanism has been used for the pickup system of chip-mounters. However, there is growing needs for new feeding mechanism with high accuracy and confidence as electric components are getting much smaller. Thus, recently, a tape feeder using cam-slider mechanism is developed to meet such requirements. The major advantages of developed system are; significantly reduced indexing and backlash errors, slim and compact design, and improved repetitive capacity compared to existing system. In this paper, the performance evaluation criteria for the developed tape feeder are suggested. Stability against induced vibration, positioning accuracy, cycle time, durability and supply error rate are estimated using developed self testers. As a result, the excellence of developed tape feeding mechanism is validated using the effective rating methods.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2016

PURPOSES : The field application and performance of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP), constructed by using the mechanical tube-feeding method, are evaluated in this study. METHODS: The location of the rebar was evaluated by using the MIRA system. The early-age CRCP performance was evaluated via visual survey, in which the crack spacing and crack width were examined. RESULTS: The location of longitudinal reinforcing bars was evaluated via MIRA testing and the results showed that the longitudinal rebars all lie within a given tolerance limit (${\pm}2.5cm$) of the target elevation. In addition, owing to the low temperature when the concrete was pured, the crack spacing in the Dae-Gu direction is slightly wider than that of the Gwang-Ju direction. Almost all of the crack spacings lay within the range of 1.0 m~3.0 m. A crack width of <0.3 mm was measured at the pavement surface. However, as revealed by the field survey, the crack spacing was not correlated with the crack width. CONCLUSIONS : In CRCP constructed by using the mechanical tube-feeding method, almost all of the longitudinal reinforcing bars lay within the tolerance limit (2.5 cm) of the target elevation. The concrete-placing temperature affects the crack spacing, owing to variations in the zero-stress temperature. Crack survey results show that there is no correlation between the crack spacing and crack width in CRCP.

• 에너지공학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.176-187
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• 1997

석탄가스화 복합발전시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위한 방안의 일환으로, 석탄시료의 탄종과 공급방식을 변경하면서 정적 시스템모사방법을 사용하여 생성 석탄가스의 발열량과 발전효율을 비교하였다. 석탄의 탄종은 유연탄 3종과 아역청탄 3종을 비교하였고 공급방식은 분류층 가스화기에서 사용되는 건식과 습식 두 가지에 대하여 비교하였다. 시스템 모사방법의 검증을 위해서는 모사결과를 Shell사와 Texaco사에서 발표된 같은 석탄시료에 대한 실증자료와 비교하여 사용된 모사방법이 적절함을 입증한 후 다른 시료에 대하여 모사방법을 적용하였다. 탄종에 따른 결과를 보면, 석탄내 탄소분이 많을수록 가스화에 의한 생성가스의 발열량과 발전효율 모두 증가하는 경향을 보이며 습식공급방식이 건식방식에 비해 탄종변화에 민감한 결과를 보였다. 특히, 습식공급 방식으로 아역청탄을 사용하는 경우는 생성가스의 발열량과 발전효율의 측면에서 유연탄에 비해 현저히 낮은 수치를 보여주고 있어 이용에 제한적임을 추정할 수 있었다. 발전효율 측면에서는 건식 석탄주입방식이 아역청탄의 경우 최대 3%, 유연탄의 경우 1% 정도의 효율이 습식방식에 비해 높게 모사 되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.222-237
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• 2002

Effects of high and low levels of feeding with or without protected protein on the performance of lactating goats were studied. Twenty four German Fawn goats either from 1st ($43.37{\pm}3.937$ kg and 2 year old) or 3rd $62.64{\pm}6.783$ kg and 4-5 year old) parity were used for the trial. Feeding levels were 7.2 (I) and 5.2 (II) MJ ME/litre of milk of 3.5% fat in addition to that of the maintenance allowance. At each feeding level, diet had either unprotected (U) or formaldehyde protected (P) soya-meal. Thus, four diets were IU, IP, IIU and IIP, having six animals in each. The diets were composed of hay and pellet (10:4:1 of beet pulp : barley : soya-meal). Effect of feeding level, protein protection, parity, health status and kid number on intake, milk yield, milk composition, growth rate of goats were recorded across the 21 weeks of study. High feeding level resulted increase (p<0.001) in estimated metabolizable energy (ME) and metabolizable protein (MP) availability. Dietary inclusion of protected soya-meal increased (p<0.001) the estimated MP but not the ME availability. Animals in 1st parity ate more (p<0.001) DM (111 vs. 102 g/kg $W^{0.75}$/d) than those in 3rd parity. Animals with twin kids (110 g/kg $W^{0.75}$/d) had higher (p<0.001) DM intake than those with single kid (102 g/kg $W^{0.75}$/d). Fat (4%) corrected milk (FCM) yield was not effected by high (1,924 g/d) or low (1,927 g/d) feeding level but increased (p<0.001) with protected (2,166 g/d) compared with unprotected (1,703 g/d) soya-meal. FCM yield for four dietary combinations were 1,806, 2,078, 1,600 and 2,254 g/d for diets IU, IP, IIU and IIP, respectively. For unit increase (g) in estimated MP availability relative to ME (MJ) intake, FCM yield increased ($1,418{\pm}275.6$) g daily ($r^2$=0.58; p<0.001). Milk fat (3.14 vs. 3.54%; p<0.001) and protein (2.94 vs. 3.04% p<0.05) contents were lower at high than the low feeding level. Protected protein increased (p<0.001) the fat, lactose and net energy (NE) content of milk. Milk urea concentration of 175, 183, 192 and 204 mg/l for diets IU, IP, IIU and IIP, respectively indicated lower RDP content of these diets. The RDP contents were 6.97, 6.70, 7.30 and 6.83 g/MJ of ME for diets IU, IP, IIU and IIP, respectively. Live weight change over the experimental period were 41, 6, 17 and 19 g/d. Absence of any positive response of high feeding was probably due to inefficient rumen fermentation resulting from inadequate RDP supply. Protected protein improved production performance apparently by increasing MP:ME ratio in the absorbed nutrient.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.783-789
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate growth performance of weaned pigs using diets based on ideal protein of the Korea swine feeding standard (KFS) and US the nutrient requirements of swine (NRC). A total of 96 weaned (initial body weight of 6.12 ± 1.21 kg) pigs were randomly allocated into 2 dietary groups with 12 pens per diet (4 pigs·pen-1) in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were corn and soybean meal-based diets formulated by the KFS and NRC nutrient requirements estimates for weaned pigs. Experimental diets were fed for 6 weeks in 2 phases feeding program based on age: 1) Phase 1 = week 1 to 3 (21 days); 2) Phase 2 = week 4 to 6 (21 days). During Phase 1 and 2, there were no differences (p > 0.05) for the initial and final body weights between the KFS and NRC groups. Additionally, the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G : F) during overall experimental period were not different between the groups. In conclusion, weaned pigs fed the diet based on the KFS had a similar body weight and growth performance to those fed the diet based on the NRC. This suggests that the Korea swine feeding standard may be used for the diet formula of weaned pigs in Korea swine production compared with the US nutrient requirements of swine.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.753-760
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• 2013

Two feeding trials were conducted to investigate the effects of feeding rate and frequency on growth performance and body composition of juvenile Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli reared at $15.0{\pm}0.3^{\circ}C$. In the first trial, three replicate fish groups averaging $2.07{\pm}0.03g$ were fed a commercial diet with one of seven different daily feeding rates: 1.00%, 2.00%, 2.50%, 2.75%, 3.00%, 3.25%, and satiation (3.34%) based on body weight (BW). After four weeks of feeding, fish fed the 3% diet showed significantly higher weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) than fish that received the other feeding rates. In the second trial, the optimum feeding frequency was evaluated with three replicate fish groups averaging $2.04{\pm}0.03g$. Fish were fed a commercial diet at 2.87% BW with six different daily feeding frequencies: 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, or 9 meals. After four weeks of feeding, WG, specific growth rate, FE, and protein efficiency rate in fish fed 3 meals $d^{-1}$ were significantly higher than those of fish fed 7 or 9 meals $d^{-1}$. In both feeding trials, proximate composition of the entire body changed depending on the feeding rate or frequency. A broken-line regression analysis based on weight gain suggested that the optimum daily feeding rate and frequency for juvenile Korean rockfish at $15^{\circ}C$ was 2.9% BW $d^{-1}$ and 2-3 meals $d^{-1}$, respectively.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.681-685
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• 2004

A media-feeding (or media-transport) system is a key component in daily consumer systems such as printers, copiers and ATM's. The role of the media-transport system is to feed a medium, which is usually in the form of a thin film, to the main process in a uniform and repeatable manner. Even small slippage between the media and the feeding rollers could significantly degrade the performance of the entire system. The slippage between the medium and the feeding rollers is determined by many parameters which include the friction coefficient between the feeding rollers and the medium material, the angular velocity of the feeding rollers, and the normal force applied by feeding rollers on the medium. This paper investigates the effect of the normal force and the angular velocity of feeding rollers on the slippage of the medium. Authors have constructed a test bed for experiments, which consists of a feeding module and various measuring devices. Using regular paper as media being fed, the authors experimentally measured the slippage of the medium under various normal forces and angular velocities of driving feeding roller. Also the authors developed a novel two-dimensional simulation model for the media-transport system. The paper medium is modeled as a set of multiple rigid bodies interconnected by revolute joints and rotational springs and dampers. Simulations were executed using a multi-body dynamic analysis tool called RecurDy $n^{ⓡ}$. The slippage obtained by the simulation is compared to experimental results.ults.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1998

The effects of dietary levels and feeding period of Korean hot pepper (Capsicum annum) seed on the performance and egg quality were investigated. Rhode Island Red layers of 84 wk of age were fed the experimental diets containing O.O(Control), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0% of HPS, respectively, in individual cages during 10 wk of the feeding period. The dietary hot pepper seed significantly(P<0.05) improved hen-day egg production and daily egg rnass, but reduced egg weight(P<0.05). During the 10 wk of the feeding period, the egg production and daily egg mass improved after 6 or 7 wk of feeding 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0% hot pepper seed diets. When the layers were fed the 3.0% HPS diet, it only took 1 wk to improve the egg production and daily egg mass. In addition, the birds fed 3.0% hot pepper seed diet showed relatively constant egg weight while those of the Control increased gradually as the feeding period passed. The dietary hot pepper seed significantly improved the eggshell thickness, and redness and whole color of egg yolk. The results indicate that dietary hot pepper seed( $\geq$2.0%) may improve the egg production and egg shell thickness, and increase the redness of egg yolk in layers.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.203-211
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• 1995

In order to investigate the effect of feeding live yeast on growth performance, nutrients utilization, tibia mineral deposit and intestinal microorganism changes, a growth assay was conducted with 360 broiler chicks. Treatments were four levels of yeast as 0, 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1% in 1.83% tricalcium phosphate and two levels of yeast as 0 and 0.05% in 1.15% tricalcium phosphate. The crude protein content of live yeast was 45%, and 97% of it was in the pure protein form, with 46.6% of essential amino acids and 53.4% of non-essential amino acids. Growth performance was tended to increase by feeding the yeast but there was no significant difference(P>.05). The protein digestibility was increased as the feeding level of yeast increased. However, digestibilities of fat, fiber, calcium and phosphorus were not affected by the yeast. Ash and calcium content of tibia were increased as the level of yeast increased. Total number of E. coli in small intestine was significantly decreased(P<.05) in chicks fed yeast. Total number of Lactobaci1lus was significantly increased by the yeast feeding. The changes of microorganism in cecum had the same trend with the changes of microorganism in small intestine.