• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 2011

This study determined the effects of the dietary moisture level and feeding rate on the growth and gastric evacuation of young olive flounder. Four experimental diets with different moisture levels (9%, 21%, 30%, and 40%) were prepared through the addition of water to the commercial extruded pellet. Three replicate groups of fish (initial weight: $106{\pm}1.4\;g$) were fed diets containing 9%, 21%, 30%, and 40% moisture to satiation or a moisture level of 9% and 30% at a restricted feeding rate (95% of satiation) for 15 weeks. The mean water temperature was $22{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$ during the feeding trial. Gastric evacuation rates were determined post-feeding. The dietary moisture levels did not significantly affect weight gain, but the weight of the fish receiving 9% and 30% moisture diets to 95% satiation were significantly lower than those of the fish fed 9-40% moisture diets to 100% satiation (P<0.05). The feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, viscerosomatic index, and survival were not significantly affected by the dietary moisture levels and feeding rates. The daily feed intake of the fish fed to 100% satiation did not significantly differ among the treatment groups. The stomach contents that peaked within 3 h of feeding gradually decreased, and the stomachs of fish were completely evacuated within 18 h. The contents of the intestine peaked at 3-12 h post-feeding, and then declined with the intestine being mostly evacuated at 30 h. The moisture of the stomach contents reached approximately 70% within 3 h post-feeding and gradually increased to approximately 75% within 12 h. No considerable differences were observed in the gastric evacuation and moisture levels of the stomach contents in the fish fed the different diets. The results of this study suggest that the gastric evacuation of olive flounder was not affected by the dietary moisture level and that the addition of water into the diet displayed no beneficial effects on the growth of young olive flounder.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.718-724
• /
• 2015

To survey the most feeding frequence of formulated diet as food for cultured puffer in winter season, we performed a rearing test using juveniles of river puffer, Takifugu obscurus (body weight 15.0 g) for 120 days. The feeding frequencies were set up as 2times/1day, 2times/2days, 2times/3days and 2times/4days. We tested triplicately the experiment and investigated survival rate, daily food intake (DFI), feed efficiency (FE), condition factor (CF), daily growth rate (DGR). Consequently, growth was increased following to an increasing of feeding frequency, was the fast in 2times/1day of feeding frequency, and was the slowest in 2times/4days (p<0.05). DFI and CF were increased following to an decreasing of feeding frequency and was the highest in 2times/4days of feeding frequency. FE was decreased following to an decreasing of feeding frequency, and was the highest in 2times/1day of feeding frequency. In a proximate carcass composition at the final day, moisture and crude lipid contents were the lowest in 2times/4days, and in survival, there was not any significant difference among experimental groups. Therefore, we concluded that the 2times/2days are the best of feeding frequency for economical benefit of river puffer culture in winter season.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2022

This investigation aimed to assess the appetite response changes of olive flounder to starving and re-feeding conditions. Three different feeding groups (2 weeks feeding, fed; 2 weeks starving, starved; and 1 week starving and 1 week feeding, re-fed) were established to examine the changes in appetite-related genes for each group. The weight gain of the fish was highest for the fed group and lowest for the starving group. Based on the daily feed intake (DFI) and cumulative feed intake (CFI), overall food intake was found to increase in the re-fed group more than in the fed group from week 1 to week 2 of the experiment. Hypocretin neuropeptide precursor (HCRT) and galanin receptor 1 (GAL-R1) mRNA expression in the brain of olive flounder were decreased in the starved group. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) was decreased in all experimental groups, except for the fed group. However, overall leptin concentrations in the plasma did not change across groups. Considering the differences between this study and previous studies on starving and feeding, various factors (except the production and expression mechanisms of appetite-related factors in response to starving) are likely acting on the appetite responses of the fish. In this study, a 1-week re-feeding period induced substantial effects on appetite response when compared to a 2-week feeding period. These findings show that even if re-feeding is performed after starving, the unbalance caused by the re-feeding can affect various physiological changes in fish by feed intake efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제56권5호
• /
• pp.734-740
• /
• 2023

The effect of feeding frequency on growth performance, body nutrient composition, and hematological parameters of juvenile chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta was investigated. The juveniles (10.9±0.3 g) were fed commercial feed for 30 days with feeding frequencies of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 meal (s)/day (n=2 tanks per treatment) in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Fish were fed to satiation at each of the feeding frequencies. At the end of the feeding trial, final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate of fish fed 2 meals/day were significantly higher than those of fish fed 1 meal/day(P<0.05); however, no difference was detected among the other feeding frequencies. Daily feed intake significantly increased with increasing feeding frequency, whereas feed and protein utilization efficiencies continuously decreased with increase in the feeding frequency. Among the treatments, fish fed 1 meal/day showed the lowest value in whole-body lipid content and total protein concentration in plasma. Taken together, the optimal feeding frequency for growth performance and feed utilization efficiency in chum salmon juveniles reared in the RAS was determined to be 2 meals/day.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.26-30
• /
• 2005

A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum feeding rate of two extruded pellets (EP1 and EP2) and raw fish-based moist pellet (MP) for juvenile flounder. Two replicate groups of the fish (average weight of 27 g) were fed EP and MP three times daily at different feeding rate (satiation and $85\%$ satiation). Weight gain of fish was not affected by diet, but affected by feeding rate. Weight gain with satiation feeding group showed :t tendency to higher compared to that of fish with $85\%$ satiation feeding at the same diet. Feed efficiency of fish was affected by diet, but not feeding rate. Feed efficiency of fish fed the EP1 and EP2 was higher than that of fish fed the MP at the same feeding rate. Daily feed intake was affected by diet and feeding rate. Daily feed intake of fish fed with satiation was higher than that of fish with $85\%$ satiation at same diet, and this variable of fish fed the MP was higher than that of fish fed the EP 1 and EP2. Protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the MP was significantly lower than that of fish fed the EP1 and EP2 regardless of feeding rate. Lipid content of whole body was affected by diet, and that of fish fed the EP2 and MP at satiation feeding was the highest. It can be concluded that satiation feeding will be good and EP is better than MP for growth of juvenile flounder grown from 27 g to 51 g.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.91-96
• /
• 2006

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of choice feeding on growth performance, carcass quality, gastrointestinal development and feed utilization of 22-49 days old broilers. One hundred and forty four 22-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 3 treatments with 4 replicates per treatment and 12 birds per replicate. Three feeding regimes are complete diet (control), ground corn and protein concentrate (treatment I), and soybean meal and balancer (treatment II). Protein concentrate is the residue part of complete diet without corn, and balancer is the residue part of complete diet without soybean meal. Treatment I and II are designed for the broilers to freely choose the two parts of diet. The results showed that: (1) broilers under choice feeding (treatment I and II) had lower performances compared with the control; (2) gastrointestinal development and the efficiency ratios that broilers converted dietary crude protein and lysine to body weight gain were improved in treatment I (p<0.05); (3) there were no significant differences in the apparent metabolizabilities of dietary dry matter, crude protein and gross energy, and deposition ratios of dietary nitrogen and energy, and carcass quality among three feeding regimes (p>0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.126-131
• /
• 1998

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of yellow and black soybeans on plasma and hepatic lipid composition and fecal lipid excretion in Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were fed with diets containing 52% yellow soybean, 50% black soybean, or 20% casein for 7 weeks. Feeding efficiency was significantly increased in the animals fed soybeans(p<0.05). Plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly lowered in the group fed yellow soybean compared with black soybean and casein-fed control (p<0.05). Hepatic triglyceride concentration was significantly lowered in soybean groups compared with casein-fed control(p<0.05), whereas hepatic cholesterol concentration was not affected by diet treatments. Soybean feeding significantly increased fecal weight, triglyceride and bile acid contents compared with casein feeding(p<0.05). It is concluded that soybean feeding in rats affects plasma and hepatic lipid levels by increasing the excretion of triglyceride and bile acids.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
• /
• 고려인삼학회 1978년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 1978

Ginseng jellies and candies were prepared by adding ginseng extracts as final concentration of $0.5\%\;and\;1\%$ for jellies and $0.7\%$ for candies. Feeding experiments of the diets containing ginseng extract were carried out for evaluation in respects of growth rate, feed efficiency ratio, organ weight change, hematocrit value, and blood cholesterol content by feeding rats for 6 week. The results of ginseng supplemented diets were not significantly different from those for the control. Liver, spleen and kidney cells of ginseng products feeding rats appeared no abnormalities in comparison with the control rats.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.257-262
• /
• 2001

In this paper, a linear ultrasonic motor using piezoelectric ceramics was fabricated, and its operation characteristics were investigated. A linear ultrasonic motor using L$_1$-B$_4$model was composed of a stator and a rotor, and a stator was composed of piezoelectric ceramics and a elastic body. When applied frequency and voltage were 58.4kHz and 56V respectively, the feeding speed of the motor was 19.8 cm/s. A linear ultrasonic motor could be moved in left and right directions by the phase difference. Feeding speed and feeding force of a linear ultrasonic motor could be controlled by applied voltage. A linear ultrasonic motor had a droping torque-speed characteristic. The maximum efficiency of linear ultrasonic motor was 2.14%. Therefore, this linear ultrasonic motor can be expected to be used for a card-forwarding device, such as a card reader device and so on.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.185-191
• /
• 1996

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of skip-a-day feeding program in early growing stage of male broiler chicks on the compensatory growth, and development of visceral organs during the later realimentation period. Day-old 328 male broiler chickens( Avian x Avian) were divided into control(ad libitum feeding) and skip-a-day feeding(limited feeding) treatments. Each treatment was consisted of 4 pens( replicates) of 41 birds each. Chickens on the skip-a-day program were fasted every other day during the second wk of age(8~15 d of age). During the starter period(0~4 wk), chickens were fed a commercial crumble diet. A commercial pellet diet was fed to chickens during the finishing period( 5~8 wk). Chickens were group-weighed every week, and one bird was selected from each pen to measure carcass characteristics. The skip-a-day program delayed the growth rate of male broilers up to 4 wk of age(P