• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.135-136
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• 1994

Anionic water dispersible copolyesters were synthesized by the polycon-densation of dimethyl isophathalate/5-sodium sulfo dimethyl isophathalate with ethylene glycol/diethylene glycol. Structrual analyses such as NMR, Irm WAXD analyses were done and copolyesters were found to be correctly synthesized. Relation between feed ratio and composition ratio of EG/DEG in copolyesters was confirmed by NMR analysis. Solubility test was done to find out optimum conditon of DMS feed ration of 10 mol% in dimethyl esters. Water resistance of copolyesters decreased with the increase of DMS or DEG molar feed ratio.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.746-750
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to investigate the water requirement of exercising sheep. Nine Merino ewes were allocated into three groups differing in water supply after exercise, group 1(G1) supplied water ad libitum, group 2 (G2) supplied with water twice a day, and group 3 (G3) supplied with water once a day. The ewes were exercised outdoors using a circular exercising machine at a speed of 5 km/h for 1 hour for 12 consecutive days. Total daily water intake (TDWI) of animals in G3 was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than that of those in G1 and G2. TDWI of the 2 later groups was not different. TDWI of G3 was about 60% of that of G1. Feed intake of G3 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of the other two groups. Immediately after exercise, rectal temperature (RT) of animals in G1 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than those in the other groups. Respiration rate (RR) of animals in all three groups was not significantly different. Faecal moisture of animals in G3 was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in the other groups. The results indicate that for optimum productivity sheep should be given water at least twice a day.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1171-1177
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• 2008

The performance of growing rabbits fed Ruzi grass (Brachiaria ruziziensis), head lettuce (Lactuca sativa) residue, Mimosa pigra and water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) was studied in an experiment using 64 rabbits (4 males and 4 females per treatment) of 2 breeds, New Zealand White and a crossbred between New Zealand White and native breed. The rabbits had an average initial weight of 668 g, were about 6 weeks old and were housed in individual pens. The foliages were fed ad libitum and a commercial concentrate was fed at a restricted level of 2% of body weight on a dry matter (DM) basis. In the digestibility experiment, the rabbits, 4 per foliage and males only, were fed the same foliages as in the growth experiment but without concentrate. Daily weight gain was lower in the group fed Ruzi grass, 14.8 g/d (p<0.001) compared to 17.6, 18.5 and 18.4 g/d for head lettuce, Mimosa pigra and water spinach, respectively. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were lowest for the rabbits fed water spinach, 66 g DM/d and 3.6 kg DM/kg live weight, respectively. The New Zealand White breed had a higher daily gain than the crossbred rabbits (p<0.05), 18.0 and 16.7 g/d, respectively. There were no significant differences in feed intake, growth or feed conversion ratio due to sex. The digestibility coefficients of DM, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were significantly lower (p<0.001) in the rabbits fed Ruzi grass. Breed and sex had no effect on digestibility. In conclusion, feeding head lettuce residue, Mimosa pigra and water spinach resulted in higher growth rate and digestibility than feeding Ruzi grass and can be recommended as alternative feeds.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2014

Corrective thermal performance analysis is required for thermal power plants to determine performance status of turbine cycle. We developed classification method for main feed water flow to make precise correction for performance analysis based on ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) PTC (Performance Test Code). The classification is based on feature identification of status of main water flow. Also we developed predictive algorithms for corrected main feed-water through Support Vector Machine (SVM) Model for each classified feature area. The results was compared to estimations using Neural Network(NN) and Kernel Regression(KR). The feature classification and predictive model of main feed-water flow provides more practical methods for corrective thermal performance analysis of turbine cycle.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.739-745
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• 2013

In this study, we tried to define the erosion-corrosion behavior together with the resulting effects on a pipe that is a part of a feed water circulation system according to the pipe size and hot feed water environment. An erosioncorrosion analysis was performed through the Hayduk and Minhas model based on the chemical reaction between iron and oxygen, an essential corrosive factor. The erosion-corrosion rate against the pipe diameter and feed water temperature was then evaluated by means of finite element analysis using ABAQUS. As shown in the results, the feed water temperature was the main factor influencing the erosion-corrosion rate; in particular, it was expected that the thickness of 316 stainless steel would decrease by $2.59{\mu}m$ every year in a hot water environment at $290^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.24-30
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• 2000

In this study, to determine the optimum fermentation process for the feed production of food wastes and estimate the practical value of fermented feed using kudzu creeper and sawdust as bulking agent. This study considered initial C/N ratio control as the fermentation process variables. The result are summarized as follows. Minimum water contents of byproducts in the fermentation feed production showed 39%(kudzu), 37%(sawdust) at the C/N ratio 25 and 45%(kudzu, sawdust) at the C/N ratio 35. Temperature variations in the fermentation feed production at the C/N ratio 25 indicated $68^{\circ}C$(kudzu), $70^{\circ}C$(sawdust). Optimum condition of fermentation process of water content, C/N ratio and permeability (porous structure of the mixture). For optimum fermentation gravitationally dewatered garbage, the proper mixing ratios of kudzu(moisture contents : 17.3%) and sawdust(moisture contents : 13.2%) were 41% and 39%, respectively. Major biological reaction in the aerobic fermentation feed production occurred during 12~24hrs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.149-150
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• 2001

A fish feed being used most widely in aquacultural farm is a moist pellet (MP) feed which has been being prepared by mixing of commercial dry feed and nutritional oil to raw fish ky. The two major problems in the use of MP feed is to be readily dispersed in water of an aquacultural farm, and to cause lipid oxidation and bacteria infection during storage. The former induce an environmental pollution of the farm and the latter lower nutritional values and develop fish diseasees. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.379-382
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• 2001

To confirm the effect of food and water deprivation prior to Newcastle disease(ND) virus vaccination, three hundred chicks were divided into five groups with three replications. ND vaccine were sprayed to at 1 -day old chicks at commercial hatchery. Secondary and third vaccination was conducted at 2-week old and 24-day old chicks by LaSota strain. Control was conventionally vaccinated without withdrawing the food and water before or after vaccination. In group 2(G2) and 3(G3), LaSota strain was vaccinated to chicks before and after fasting the food and water for 3 and 2 hours, respectively. Group 4(G4) has the same fasting time of group 2, but supplemented the skim milk in vaccin dilution water. In group 5(G5), skim milk was added into group 3. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were weekly measured for 5 weeks. Blood was collected from wing vein at 24 and 35 days of age. Each serum antibody level were measured by hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test. The average weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion of all group were not significantly different. Weight gain of each groups was 1910.30(control), 1875.28(G2), 1952.12(G4) and 1896.05(G5), respectively. Feed intake of all group was recorded at 3160.67(control), 3167.07(G2), 3189.48(G3), 3157.85(G4) and 3178.16(G5), respectively. The feed conversion of each groups was 1.655(control), 1.688(G2), 1.633(G3), 1.699(G4) and 1.676(G5), respectively. The HI titer of G4 was $ 5.50{\Pm}$1.40 and significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05)(control : $4.36{\Pm}$1.87 , G2 : $5.18{\Pm}$2.14, G3 : $4.51{\Pm}$2.19, G : $5.28{\Pm}$1.58 at 35 days old. The results of this experiment indicated that two or three hours of fasting time before or after vaccination would be able to show the higher antibody level against ND virus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.130-130
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• 2003

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feed intake and water consumption on milk yield and manure production in milking cows. The average feed intake(dry matter) of milking cows were 19.5kg/hd/d. Spring(23.9kg) and fall(22.1kg) feed intake rates when higher than in the summer(17.0kg) and winter(15.3kg/hd/d). The average water consumption of milking cows were $77.2\ell/hd/d$. Summer showed the highest value$(85.5\ell/hd/d)$ and winter showed the lowest value$(62.2\ell/hd/d)$. The average milk yield during spring, summer, fall, and winter was 30.8, 24.0, 25.4, and 23.7kg/hd/d, respectively. Milk yield during spring was found to be statiscally greater than for the other seasons. Manure production of milking cows during spring, summer, fall, and winter was 64.4, 63.5, 60.4, and 51.0kg/hd/d, respectively. Consequently, a relatively high correlation between milk yield and water consumption$(R^2=0.7742)$, milk yield and feed intake$(R^2=0.7459)$, water, consumption and urine production$(R^2=0.7422)$, feed intake and feces production$(R^2=0.6044)$, and milk yield and feces production$(R^2=0.6920)$ were observed in milking cows. The other hand, correlation between water consumption and feces production$(R^2=0.2950)$, feed intake and urine production $(R^2=0.1985)$, and milk yield and urine production$(R^2=0.2335)$ were found to be relatively low. Therefore, correlation equation between milk yield and feed intake, milk yield and water consumption can be estimated from : $Y=0.1919X_1+11.181(R^2=0.7742),\;Y=0.8568X_2+9.3067(R^2=0.7459)$(Y=milk yield $X_1=water$ consumption, $X_2=feed$ intake).