• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.102-105
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• 2002

Seventy-two crossbred pigs weighing an average of 41.5 kg were assigned on the basis of sex, weight and litter to one of four dietary treatments in a factorial (4 treatments${\times}$2 sexes) arrangement. The control diet was based on barley and soybean meal while the experimental treatments consisted of diets in which a portion of the dietary protein was supplied by 20% of a 50:50 blend of extruded ($130^{\circ}C$ for 20 to 25 sec) peas and full-fat canola seed, 20% of a 50:50 blend of unextruded peas and full-fat canola seed or a diet containing 10% peas, 6% canola meal and 4% canola oil (to equal the level of canola oil provided by 10% whole canola seed). Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and gross energy were significantly higher (p<0.05) for the control diet than for the other three diets. Extrusion produced no beneficial effects (p>0.05) on nutrient digestibility and there were no differences in digestibility between the diet based on intact canola seed compared with the diet containing canola meal and oil. Choice of protein supplement had no significant effects on gain, feed intake or feed conversion during the grower or finisher phases and over the entire experimental period. Extrusion of the pea-canola blend produced no beneficial effects on pig performance as the performance of pigs fed either the extruded or unextruded blend of peas and canola seed was similar. In addition, the performance of pigs fed diets containing intact canola seed was similar to that of pigs fed canola meal and oil. Castrates gained faster and consumed more feed than gilts (p<0.05). However, their feed conversion was poorer than that of the gilts during the finisher period. There were no significant differences in carcass traits between pigs fed the control and any of the experimental treatments. Extrusion had no effect on carcass traits and the carcasses of pigs fed canola meal and oil did not differ from those of pigs fed whole canola seed. Castrates had a significantly lower dressing percentage, lower estimated lean yield but greater loin fat depth than gilts (p<0.05). The results of this experiment indicate that peas in combination with canola seed or canola meal are an acceptable alternative to soybean meal as a protein supplement for use in growing-finishing swine diets. Extrusion did not appear to have any beneficial effects on the nutritional value of the canola seed-pea blend as nutrient digestibility, growth performance and carcass traits were similar for pigs fed the unextruded blend of peas and canola seed compared with the extruded product. Since the process adds to the cost of the raw products, its use is unlikely to be economical.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.866-871
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted at the experimental duck farm of Cantho University to determine the effects of feeding duckweed (Lemna minor) that replaced commercial protein supplements in diets for local and Cherry Valley breeding ducks. The experiment included a total of 180 ducks, with five treatments and three replicates and six breeding ducks (one male plus five females together) per replicate, for both local and exotic Cherry Valley ducks. The five diets were fed ad libitum and were based on rice byproducts supplemented with roasted soya bean meal plus dried fishmeal at levels of 100% (SF100, control), 75 (SF75), 50 (SF50), 25 (SF25) or zero (SF0) % of the protein in the control diet, corresponding to 18, 15, 13, 10 and 8% CP in the diets for both breeds, respectively. Fresh duckweed was supplied ad libitum for all treatments. These diets were fed to local breeding ducks from 7 to 12 months of age, and to exotic breeding ducks (Cherry Valley) from 8 to 13 months of age. Total mean daily dry matter (DM) intakes were 183, 178, 176, 177 and 174 g (p<0.05) for the local ducks, and 221, 208, 215, 219 and 210 g (p<0.01) for the exotic ducks for the SF100 (control), SF75, SF50, SF25 and SF0 diets, respectively. Laying rates of the local ducks were 66.5, 65.2, 62.9, 63.1 and 62.3%, and of the Cherry Valley ducks 61.9, 58.4, 58.9, 59.1 and 53.5% (p<0.001) for the control (SF100), SF75, SF50, SF25 and SF0 treatments, respectively. Fertile egg rates were 95.6, 95.6, 97.8, 97.8 and 92.2%, and hatchabilities 89.4, 80.6, 87.2, 88.6 and 77.8% (p<0.05) for the local breed, and 97.8, 97.8, 91.1, 92.2 and 90.0% (p<0.05) and 72.8, 74.7, 75.0, 74.3 and 76.7% for the Cherry Valley ducks for diets SF100, SF75, SF50, SF25 and SF0, respectively. Corresponding feed conversion ratios (dry matter basis) were 3.83, 3.82, 3.89, 4.01 and 3.96 kg feed per kg egg mass for the local ducks and 4.52, 4.56, 4.58, 4.73 and 5.02 kg feed per kg egg mass for the Cherry Valley ducks for the SF100, SF75, SF50, SF25 and SF0 treatments, respectively. Replacement of 100% of the protein supplement by fresh duckweed in the diets of the local laying ducks decreased the feed costs by 25% compared to the control diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1221-1229
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• 2018

Objective: A study was conducted to evaluate the varietal differences among faba bean straws and also to assess the potentials of faba bean straws supplemented with concentrate fed at the rate 70% straws and 30% concentrate mixture on feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain and carcass characteristics of the animals. Methods: Forty yearling Arsi-Bale sheep with initial body weight of $19.85{\pm}0.29kg$ (mean${\pm}$standard deviation) were grouped in a randomized complete block design into eight blocks of five animals each based on their initial body weight. Straws included in the study were from Mosisa (T1M), Walki (T2W), Degaga (T3D), Shallo (T4S), and local (T5L) varieties of faba bean and concentrate (2:1 ratio of wheat bran to "noug" seed cake). The experiment consisted of seven days of digestibility and 90 days of feeding trials followed by evaluation of carcass parameters at the end. Results: Local variety had lower (p<0.05) in grain and straw yield compared to improved varieties but higher in crude protein, metabolizable energy contents and in vitro organic matter digestibility. The apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein of sheep fed Walki and Mosisa straws were higher than (p<0.05) straws from Shallo varieties. Sheep fed Walki straw had greater (p<0.05) dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed conversion efficiency than sheep fed local and Shallo straws. Slaughter body weight and empty body weight were higher (p<0.05) for sheep fed Mosisa and Walki straws as compared to sheep fed Shallo straws. Apart from this, the other carcass components were not affected (p>0.05) by variety of the faba bean straws. Conclusion: There is significant varietal differences between faba bean straws both in quality and quantity. Similarly, significant variation was observed in feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency among sheep fed different straws of faba bean varieties with concentrate supplement. Based on these results, Walki and Mosisa varieties could be recommended as pulse crop rotation with cereals in the study area.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 1996

본 시험은 산란계에 대한 오전사료와 오후사료의 별도 급여가 산란능력과 경제성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 ISA Brown 산란계 480수를 공시하여 32~36주령, 52~56주령 및 72~76주령에 각각 4주간씩 실시되었다. 대조구(C)는 관행적인 산란계 단일 배합사료를 급여하였고 시험구들(T$_1$, T$_2$, T$_3$, T$_4$ 및 T$_{5}$)은 고에너지-고단백질-저Ca의 오전사료와 저에너지-저단백질-고C3의 오후사료를 별도로 급여하였다. 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 평균난중은 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 산란율과 1일 산란량은 대조구(C)에 비해 오전사료와 오후사료를 별도로 급여한 시험구(T$_{1}$~T$_{5}$)들이 유의하게 높았고(P<0.05), 그 중에서도 관행적인 산란계 배합사료에서 Ca 공급제를 제외한 사료를 오전에 급여하고 Ca 공급제를 두 배로 첨가한 사료를 오후에 급여하는 T$_2$ 처리가 가장 높았다. 2. 1일 1수당 사료, ME 및 CP 섭취량은 대조구(C)에 비해 시험구들(7,~Ts)이 유의하게 적었다. 3. 산란 kg당 소요된 사료, ME 및 CP 요구량도 대조구(C) 에 비해 시험구들(T$_1$ ~T$_{5}$)이 적었다(p<0.05). 4. 1일 1수당 사료비는 대조구(C)에 비해 시험구(T$_1$ ~T$_{5}$) 들이 낮았으며(P<0.05), 산란 kg당 사료비도 시험구들이 대조구보다 낮았고(P<0.05), 시험구들 중에서는 T$_2$ 가 가장 낮았다. 결론적으로 관행적인 산란계 배합사료에서 Ca공급제를 제외한 사료를 오전에 급여하고 Ca공급제를 두배로 첨가한 사료를 오후에 급여하는 T$_2$ 처리로 사양하면 난중에는 차이가 없으나 산란율이 4.3% 향상되고, 1일 1수당 사료 ME 및 CP 섭취량을 각각 6.2%, 5.0%, 5.5% 감소시킬 수 있으며, 산란 kg당 사료, ME및 CP 요구량은 각각 11.5%, 10.3%, 10.3%가 감소되어, 1일 1수당 사료비와 산란 kg 당 사료비를 각각 5.2% 와 10.5% 씩 절감할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.936-941
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• 2004

Four rumen-cannulated cows (330 kg average weight at 4 years) were used to evaluate the supplement of ensiled cassava tops (ECT) (variety KM 94, 39% DM) on rumen functions, thyroid hormones and liver enzymes. The treatments, arranged in a 4 $\times$4 Latin square design, were ECT at 0, 50, 100 and 150 g CP 100 kg$^{-1}$ body weight (BW), and a basal diet of urea-treated fresh rice straw (UFRS) ad libitum and 1.1 kg dry matter (DM) cassava root meal (CRM) in each 30 day study period. The results showed a continuous decrease in dry matter intake (DMI) of UFRS with increasing level of ECT supplement (p<0.001). The highest total DMI was observed for treatment ECT$_{150}$ (2.68 kg DM 100 kg$^{-1}$ BW day$^{-1}$) followed by treatments ECT$_{100}$, ECT$_{50}$ and ECT$_{0}$, with 2.47, 2.24 and 2.06 kg DM 100 kg$^{-1}$ BW⋅day$^{-1}$, respectively. Increasing levels of ECT supplement increased the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (p<0.05) and ammonia nitrogen (p<0.05) and resulted in a decrease in pH (p<0.05). Overall average plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations were 0.80, 0.82, 0.85 and 0.69 ng ml$^{-1}$ (p>0.05), and 50.9, 49.5, 50.7 and 42.4 ng ml-1 (p>0.05) for treatments ECT$_{0}$, ECT$_{50}$, ECT$_{100}$ and ECT$_{150}$, respectively. There were non-significant differences in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase among treatments. It is concluded that ECT is a valuable protein-rich feed supplement to cattle, and the highest level of on average 2.48 kg DM ECT per cow and day (28% of total DMI) did not significantly affect thyroid gland hormones and liver enzymes in cows.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.309-316
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to study on the benificial effects of administration of Medilac-F as a feed supplement for piglets and broiler. It is hoped that the information will be use for reference in future endeavors of study in the field of animal

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.717-726
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• 1995

This study was to investigate the validity of energy measurement system by using different body size and sex of rats and feed supplementation methods. There appeared no statistical differences in energy(AME, AMEn) utilization between male and female rats with average 200g body weight, and between male rat of 200g and 300g body weight. Glucose replacing corn in the basal diet or replacing diet itself at a level of 30% by weight appeared to have the same metabolizable energy value, suggesting that either methods to supplement test ingredient brought about the same results. Consequently, following suggestions could be made from results of present study : first, Sprague-Dawley rate of either sex weighing 200-300g may be used as an animal model to obtain in vivo metabolizable energy from dietary carbo-hydrates or sea foods. Second, the testing ingredients may be added at the expence of corn in the basal diet at 30% level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.233-239
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• 1988

The base of Indian milk production is the millions of nondescript cows and buffaloes in rural areas, fed mainly on crop residues and agro-industrial wastes. The mainstay of the feeding system is straws and stovers. Therefore the approach to increase the fibrous residues utilisation for animal production was ideal and useful. The methods available for the above purpose were not found acceptable in rural areas owing to certain practical problems. The development of urea molasses block was, therefore aimed at solving the practical field problems. Urea Molasses Block has been developed as a feed supplement that can bring forth an effect of rumen manipulation thereby increase the conversion rate of feeds. The formula and process technology were thus developed. Before starting the mass production and popularisation the product was tested in controlled condition in farms and also in villages. Encouraged with the results the feed is now commercially manufactured under Indian Patent No. 156047.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1984

The protective effects of high levels of dietary iron, copper, zinc or protein on lead toxicity were studied In chicks. Growth retardation, reduction of feed intake, anemia and accumulation of lead in the bone and kidney were observed in chicks fed a diet containing 500mg lead as chloride per kg of feed for 42 days. Early changes due to ingested lead were inhibition of red blood cell ${\delta}$-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase at all doses and no effect of iron, copper, zinc or protein addition were observed. Tibia lead accumulation was reduced in chicks receiving additional dietary iron or zinc compared to the lead only group but increased in chicks given supplementary protein. Decreased body weight gain was overcome by supplementary zinc or protein in chicks fed lead but not by supplementary iron. Overall the results of this study show that lead poisoning can be partly reduced by providing supplementary iron, zinc or protein, but the interaction of these element remained to be elucidated.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 2005년도 제36차 추계 학술발표대회
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• pp.324-328
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• 2005

Lactic acid bacteria are dominant microflora in fermented kimchi. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from 5 kinds of fermented kimchi and determined their physiologic property. Total 64 of LAB were isolated from kimch samples. In this study, 8 strains of them were selected by pH and bile salt tolerance test. HFI 58, HFI 40, and Yeulmu E strain had significant cholesterol lowering effect in vitro test. These were made of special feed of chicken by WooJin B&G. A Diet was tested for 5 weeks. The feed of special material supplement HFI58 groups had significant lower cholesterol concentration in egg yolk.