• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.541-548
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to compare in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics among corn grains imported from America, Brazil, Argentina and Ukraine A and Ukraine B. Two Holstein steers, each surgically fitted with a ruminal cannula, consuming total mixed ration were used as rumen fluid donors. In vitro rumen fermentation experiments were performed in a completely random design which included a control (no corn) and treatments with 3.0 g of corn from different geographical origins, i.e., America, Brazil, Argentina, and Ukraine A and Ukraine B, respectively. Ruminal pH, ammonia-N, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and total gas production were measured at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h post-incubation, respectively. No differences (p > 0.05) in mean ruminal pH appeared among the treated groups, however, ruminal pH patterns differed; i.e. corn treated groups had dramatically lower pH compared with control during the entire incubation period. Similarly, no different patterns between the groups in ammonia-N (p > 0.05) appeared until 6 h post-incubation. Unexpectedly, higher ammonia-N concentration for control than that for the corn treated groups appeared after 12 h post-incubation despite that for all groups increased. Total VFA was similar between the groups until 6 h post-incubation, but VFA after 12 h post-incubation was different (p < 0.05), i.e. VFA for corn from Argentina, Ukraine A, Ukraine B, and Brazil were comparatively higher than for America. Overall, data in this study showed that the corns of different origins may have different feed values to ruminants despite having similar chemical compositions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.396-403
• /
• 2016

The aim was to determine the relative bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in peas for 21-day old broiler chickens using slope-ratio assay. One hundred and sixty eight male Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into 42 groups 4 balanced for body weight and fed 7 diets in a completely randomized design (6 groups/diet) from day 1 to 21 of age. The diets were a corn-soybean meal basal diet, and the corn-soybean meal basal diet to which monosodium phosphate, brown- or yellow-seeded pea was added at the expense of cornstarch to supply 0.5% or 1% total phosphorus. Monosodium phosphate was included as a reference, and hence the estimated bioavailability of P in pea cultivars was relative to that in the monosodium phosphate. Birds and feed were weighed weekly and on d 21 they were killed to obtain tibia. The brown-seeded pea contained 23.4% crude protein, 0.47% P, whereas the yellow-seeded pea contained 24.3% crude protein and 0.38% P. Increasing dietary P supply improved (p<0.05) chick body weight gain and tibia ash and bone density. The estimated relative bioavailability of p values for brown- and yellow-seeded peas obtained using final body weight, average daily gain, tibia ash, and bone mineral density were 31.5% and 36.2%, 35.6% and 37.3%, 23.0% and 5.60%, and 40.3% and 30.3%, respectively. The estimated relative bioavailability of p values for brown- and yellow-seeded peas did not differ within each of the response criteria measured in this study. In conclusion, the relative bioavailability of P in pea did not differ depending on the cultivar (brown- vs yellow-seed). However, the relative bioavailability of P in pea may vary depending on the response criterion used to measure the bioavailability.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.15 no.11
• /
• pp.1108-1115
• /
• 2004

A new type of a Rotman lens is presented in this paper fur millimeter-wave applications, such as collision avoidance radar. A dielectric slab Rotman lens is proposed to reduce the conductor loss and to create an appropriate farm for favorable implementation at millimeter-wave frequency. The proposed lens consists of a dielectric slab and slot lines whereas the conventional lenses are constructed with parallel conducting plates. The dielectric slab Rotman lens excited in TE$\_$0/ mode shows a high degree of confinement for the fields, low dispersion, and has an appropriate feed structure. A prototype lens has been designed and fabricated with 9 beam ports and 9 array ports together with 9 tapered slot antennas. This lens has been tested in the range from 10 GHz to 15 GHz and the measured beam widths are about 15$^{\circ}$ at 13 GHz. The measurements also show low mutual coupling between beam ports and an efficiency of about 34.6 %. The overall performance is comparable to that of conventional Rotman lenses even though the prototype was tested at lower than desired frequencies in the microwave frequency range due to our limited resources for fabrications and measurements. It is expected that at millimeter-wave frequency the dielectric slab Rotman lens will have lower conductor loss and lower mutual coupling than conventional Rotman lenses.an lenses.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.11
• /
• pp.1598-1608
• /
• 2013

An optimum dietary carbohydrate content is important for maximum fish growth. In this study, we fed Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) with either control diet (30.42%) or high carbohydrate diet (52.92%) for 90 d. Fish were fed to apparent satiation three times daily in an aquarium with automatic temperature control and circulated water. Growth performance, plasma biochemical parameters, hepatic morphology and enzyme activities were determined. It was shown that compared to fish fed control diet, fish fed high carbohydrate diet had higher plasma triglyceride and cortisol levels for d 90, and lower alkaline phosphatase level for d 45, lower hepatic superoxide dismutase and total antioxidative capacity for d 90, higher malondialdehyde for d 45 and glycogen content for d 45 and 90 (p<0.05). Histological and transmission electron microscopy studies showed that hepatocytes of fish fed high carbohydrate diet contained large lipid droplets, causing displacement of cellular organelles to periphery of hepatocytes. The relative level of hepatic heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) mRNA of Wuchang bream fed high carbohydrate diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed the control diet for 90 d (p<0.05). These changes led to decreased specific growth rate and increased feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). Upon hypoxia challenge, fish fed high carbohydrate diet had higher cumulative mortality than those fed the control diet (p<0.05). These results suggested that high dietary carbohydrate (52.92%) was detrimental to the growth performance and health of Wuchang bream.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.145-147
• /
• 2004

The ethyl acetate extracts from the liquid cultures of Coriolus versicolor, Phellinus linteus, and Hericium erinaceus showed significant antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli K88, E. coli K99, E. coli 987P, and Salmonella typhimurium 14058 causing bacterial diarrhea in Korean house pigs and chicken. Of these extracts, Coriolus versicolor extract showed the highest antibacterial activity. In addition, these extracts also showed significant growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus CARM3230 and E. coli CARM1381 which are known as kanamycin and ampicillin-resistant strains. These results showed that the mushroom extracts could be developed as a livestock feed additives that can replace commercial antibiotics, and also could be good resources for the development of a new antibacterial agent.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.167-170
• /
• 2002

Agromonia pilosa L. has been used as a medicinal plant in traditional folk remedy, and it shows increasing tendency at various sections such as medicine-making material, functional food, and agricultural chemicals using plant or extract. Dosage effect of extract from Agrimonia pilosa L. plant on rat performance experiments were summarized as follows : Body weight was increased with 0.02% dosage treated-rat by 5% as compared to non-treated one, however, decreasing tendency was observed with 0.04% extract of Agrimonia pilosa L. plant fed rat to control Considering feed efficiency was similar result between extract dosage with 0.02% and non-treated rat. The number of leucocyte was increased by dosage-treated level except 0.02% dosage-treated rat. Number of erythrocyte was increased with 0.06% extract dosage-treated rat by 20% as compared to non-treated one.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2018

Saccharina japonica was introduced to both Korea and China from Hokkaido, Japan, and it has become an economically important species in both nations. After a long period of cultivation, several varieties of S. japonica have been developed in Korea and China. In this study, we conducted aquacultural research on the persistence of thalli from two kelp cultivars, one from China (Huangguan No. 1) and one from Korea (Sugwawon No. 301), between December 2015 and November 2016 in Haenam, Korea. The maximum length was $247.8{\pm}13.0$ and $227.5{\pm}42.0cm$, respectively, which were significantly longer in Sugwawon No. 301 than in Huangguan No. 1. The maximum width was $29.9{\pm}5.4$ and $23.2{\pm}1.9cm$, respectively, which were significantly wider in Huangguan No. 1 than in Sugwawon No. 301. The mean biomass obtained from the culture ropes was for Sugwawon No. 301 was $3.5{\pm}0.3kg\;wet\;wt\;m^{-1}$ and for while Huangguan No. 1 was $3.1{\pm}1.0kg\;wet\;wt\;m^{-1}$ of culture rope. After August, the persistence of the thalli of Sugwawon No. 301 was two months longer than that of Huangguan No. 1. We found that the Sugwawon No. 301 performed as well as the Huangguan No. 1 in Korean waters possibly due to increased flexibility as a result of the different cell arrangements of the two cultivars. Overall, the use of the Sugwawon No. 301 cultivar rather than the Huangguan No. 1 cultivar of S. japonica appears the best alternative to help to ensure a stable year round algal feed supply for the Korean abalone industry.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.6
• /
• pp.449-454
• /
• 2012

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of the plane of nutrition on growth performance and meat quality traits, especially marbling and PSE (pale, soft, and exudative), in finishing pigs. One hundred and four barrows and 102 gilts born to Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace dams and Duroc sires were randomly allocated to 16 pens at approximately 80-kg body weight, with 13 animals housed per pen except for two pens. Each eight pens received a diet containing either 3.4 Mcal ME/kg and 0.98% total lysine (high plane) or 3.1 Mcal ME/kg and 0.81% total lysine (medium plane). All animals were slaughtered at approximately 112 kg BW on an average, after which the Longissimus muscle (LM) was analyzed physicochemically. The ADG, ADFI, gain:feed as well as marbling score did not differ between the two dietary groups, whereas backfat thickness was greater in the high-plane group than in the medium-plane group (24.1 vs. 22.5 mm P<0.05). No LM exhibited PSE, i.e. $L^*$ (lightness) > 50, pH < 6.0 and drip loss > 5.0%, nor were these PSE-related variables influenced by the dietary treatment. Contents of crude protein and fat in LM did not differ between the two dietary groups. In conclusion, the present results suggest that growth performance and the occurrence of the PSE or 'watery' carcass are not influenced significantly by increasing the plane of nutrition in finishing pigs when the finisher is adequate nutritionally for supporting maximal lean growth. However, increasing the plane of nutrition is likely to result in an increase in fat deposition.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.277-296
• /
• 2016

The aim of this research was to investigate the ability of nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes as a filtration unit for groundwater treatment for drinking water resources. Commercial membranes denoted as TS40, TFC-SR3 and GHSP were used to study the performance based on rejections and fluxes. The investigation has been conducted using natural groundwater obtained from a deep tube well with initial concentration of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) at 7.15 mg/L and 0.87 mg/L, respectively. Experimental results showed that NF membranes exhibited higher fluxes than UF membrane with pure water permeability at 4.68, 3.99 and $3.15L.m^{-2}.h^{-1}.bar^{-1}$, respectively. For metal rejection, these membranes have performed higher removal on Fe with TS40, TFC-SR3 and GHSP membranes having more than 82%, 92% and 86% respectively. Whereas, removal on Mn only achieved up to 60%, 80% and 30%, for TS40, TFC-SR3 and GHSP membranes respectively. In order to achieve drinking water standard, the membranes were efficient in removing Fe ion at 1 and 2 bar in contrast with Mn ion at 4 and 5 bar. Higher rejection of Fe and Mn were achieved when pH of feed solution was increased to more than 7 as TFC-SR3 membrane was negatively charged in basic solution. This effect could be attributed to the electrostatic effect interaction between membrane material and rejected ions. In conclusion, this study proved that NF membrane especially the TFC-SR3 membrane successfully treated local groundwater sources for public drinking water supply in line with the WHO standard.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.644-649
• /
• 2003

The effects of housing and nutrition on the performance of first lactation sows of the Nepalese Pakhribas breed were investigated. A total of 36 sows, from a previous experiment on nutrition during gilt rearing, were allocated according to a factorial design with 2 levels of nutrition, 60 or 80% of the calculated lactation requirement, and two types of housing, traditional or improved. The mean live weight loss of sows during lactation was reduced to a slightly greater extent by improved housing (p<0.05) than by better nutrition (p<0.10). There was also a significantly lower loss of $P_2$ backfat thickness (p<0.05) and mean body condition score (p<0.05) for sows on the higher plane of nutrition. Piglet weight gain in early and mid lactation was influenced by gestation feeding of the gilt (p<0.10) and by housing (p<0.05). Late lactation gain was influenced only by lactation feeding (p<0.05). In consequence, piglet weight at 42 day weaning was increased to a similar extent by improved housing (p<0.05) and better lactation nutrition (p<0.01). Significantly more sows were remated by day 10 after weaning from a higher level of rearing nutrition ($x^2=13.57$, p=0.001), and from improved housing and improved lactation (both $x^2=4.57$, p=0.033). It is concluded that, under Nepalese village conditions, improvements in housing may be a more cost effective way of improving sow performance than expenditure on additional feed resources.