• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 1995

This paper describes small ruminant production systems in dry areas of Pakistan. Formal and informal surveys had identified that poor feed resources, as a result of harsh climatic conditions, is a major factor responsible for low sheep and goats production. In view of their recommendations, use of approaches like supplemental feeding and pasture production through an introduction of improved forage species in the country, are reviewed. The improvement in sheep production and associated socioeconomic benefits, are discussed.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2006년 창립20주년기념 정기학술대회 및 국제워크샵
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• pp.249-252
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• 2006

This paper introduces a review and literature study of offshore engineering and constructions from 1920s to 2000s. The study was focused on the literature survey and the history of Brown & Root and J. Ray McDermott in the Gulf of Mexico and other offshore areas Understanding the offshore history and background of offshore development is an essential ingredient for the initial conceptual design. This study was motivated to enhance the capacity of conceptual design and Front End Engineering Design (FEED) of offshore structures in Korea.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.187-187
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• 2022

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
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• pp.86-88
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• 2001

본 시험은 broiler performance, litter N농도가 어떻게 유지되며, NH3 gas 농도가 사료에 ammino acid와 Vitamin D를 보충하여 litter에 Alum을 첨가하여 저수준 단백질 수준을 감소시키는지 결정하기 위해 실시하였다. 이 실험은 각각 처리마다 3반복 90마리를 세가지의 다른 단백질 수준을 가지고서 starter period(1-214)와 grower period(22-420)로 나누었다. 단백질처리는 각기 starter에는 평균 23.0(control 71), 20.4(W)와 18.0(73)%로 grower에서는 21.0(control 71), l9.3(n) and 17.o(73)%로 구성된다. control과 비교하면 ammino acid 수준은 비슷하다. Alum은 rice bran kg당 2009에 Control을 제외하고 각 처리구에 혼합했다. 결과는 3wks와 6wks 동안 급여한 사료에서 Control이하인 저수준 단백질은 feed gain은 증가하였으며, feed intake와 weight gain은 감소하였다. 그러나 처리간에는 유의차(P<0.05)가 없었으며 Alum을 litter에 혼합할 때(P<0.05) 저수준 단백질은 NH3 gas농도가 74.8-80.9% 감소되었다. litter에 Alum을 첨가하는 조작은 NH3 gas농도를 감소시킨다는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2005

본 실험은 성게 껍질 분말의 사료적 가치를 구명하기 위하여 첨가수준(0, 1, 3, $5\%$)에 따라 육계의 생산성, 계육의 무기물 및 혈중 콜레스테롤 등에 미치는 영향을 고찰하기 위하여 5주간 사양 시험하였다. 전기 3주간사료내 조단백질은 $21.5\%$, ME는 3,100 kcal/kg 수준으로 공급하였고, 후기에는 조단백질 $19\%$, ME 3,100 kcal/kg 수준으로 급여하였다. 처리구는 대조구(무첨가구) 성게 껍질 분말 $1\%$ 첨가구(T1), $3\%$첨가구(T2), $5\%$ 첨가구(T3)로 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 10수로 총 160수를 공시하였다. 그 결과 증체량은 T1구에서 사육전기에 현저하게 개선되었지만(P<0.05) 사육후기에는 가장 낮게 평가되었으며, 사료효율은 처리구 사이에 유의성이 인정되지 않았다(P>0.05). 총콜레스테롤은 대조구보다 성게 껍질 분말 처리구에서 낮게 나타났으며, HDL-C은 처리구 중T2, T3에서 높았고(P<0.05), LDL-C과 triglyceride는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 성게 껍질 분말 급여 수준에 따른 무기물의 변화는 대조구에 비해 처리구에서 Fe, Zn, Ca함량이 많았으며(P<0.05) 총무기물 함량은 성게 껍질 분말 급여구에서 많은 경향을 보여 주었다. 결론적으로 육계사료 내 성게 껍질 분말의 급여는 Ca, Fe 및 총무기물 함량이 증가된 계육을 생산할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.537-542
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• 2011

Biological or physiological genes that regulate metabolism and energy partitioning have the potential to influence economically important traits such as carcass and meat quality traits in beef cattle. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) functions as a central appetite stimulator and plays a major role in feed intake and energy-balance control. Therefore, the NPY gene is an excellent biological and physiological candidate gene for body weight, feeding, fatness or growth related traits in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NPY gene and to evaluate the association of NPY SNP markers with carcass and meat quality traits in Korean cattle. The genomic region (711 bp) including intron 2 of NPY gene was amplified and sequenced, and five SNPs, g.4389 Del(C), g.4371Del(C), g.4271T>C, g.1899A>G and g.1517A>C, were identified. The PCR-RFLP method was then developed to genotype the individuals examined. The g.4271T>C SNP was significantly associated with M. Longissimus dori area (LDA) value (p<0.027). Animals with the TT ($78.144{\pm}0.950\;cm^2$) genotype had higher LDA than those with the CC ($72.266{\pm}2.039\;cm^2$), and animals with TC genotype showed intermediate value. This SNP genotype also showed a highly significant additive genetic effect for the LDA (p<0.01). No significant associations, however, was detected between any of the SNP genotype and other carcass traits measured in this study. In conclusion, SNP genotype of the NPY gene may be used as DNA markers to select animals that have a higher meat yield.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.660-668
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the chemical composition, mineral status, oxidative stability, and texture attributes of dry-cured ham from pigs fed processed sulfur (S, 1 g/kg feed), and from those fed a basal diet (CON), during the period from weaning to slaughter (174 d). Total collagen content and soluble collagen of the S group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). The pH of the S group was significantly higher than that of the control group, whereas the S group had a lower expressible drip compared to the control group. The S group also showed the lower lightness compared to the control group (p<0.05). In regard to the mineral status, the S group had significantly lower Fe²⁺ and Ca²⁺ content than the control group (p<0.05), whereas the proteolysis index of the S group was significantly increased compared to the control group (p<0.05). The feeding of processed sulfur to pigs led to increased oxidative stability, related to lipids and pigments, in the dry-cured ham (p<0.05). Compared to the dry-cured ham from the control group, that from the S group exhibited lower springiness and gumminess; these results suggest that feeding processed sulfur to pigs can improve the quality of the texture and enhance the oxidative stability of dry-cured ham.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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• pp.119-119
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• 2020

Globally, the demand for food and water resources are increasing rapidly with the growing concerns of meeting the projected population upsurge, specifically by 2050. The global population is projected to hit 9.8 billion in 2050 while the food demand is expected to increase by 77% from the 2007 base year. Moreover, the already scarce water resources, especially in the food-producing regions, expected to be significantly affected as food production already accounts for over 70% of the global water resources. However, the estimated food demand encapsulated the actual demand for both human consumption and animal feed in addition to the exuberant food waste at the consumption stage of the supply chain, notably in the developed countries. Managing the food consumption demand and food waste can have across-the-board benefits on water resources and other associated food production impacts. This study assessed the water-saving potentials through food waste in Korean households using the food waste data obtained from the direct weighing analysis. The household food waste collection and characterization were carried out during the summer (July), fall (September), and winter (December) seasons of 2019. The water footprint related to the food waste within Korean households was based on the water footprint concept, i.e. indirect water use. The results of our estimation showed that an average Korean household wasted 6.15 ± 4.36 kg daily, amounting to 12.53 ± 11.10 m3 of water resources associated with the waste. On the per capita basis, an average of 0.024 ± 0.017 kg/capita/day of food was wasted resulting to 0.049 ± 0.044 m3/capital/day of water resources wasted. The food waste types that accounted for the principal share in the water footprint were beef, soybean, rice and pork with values 30.7, 10.1, 9.6, and 7.5%, respectively. Considering that the production of meat and meat products are water intensive and the agricultural water use in Korea is largely for rice production, addressing the food waste of these two important agricultural products can be a hotspot for water saving potential in the country. This study therefore provides an insight to addressing the water scarcity in the country through reducing household food waste.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1757-1768
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• 2023

Objective: The number of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) is closely associated with the quantity of milk production in dairy cows; however, the optimal levels and the combined effects of hormones and essential amino acids (EAAs) on cell proliferation are not completely understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the optimal combination of individual hormones and EAAs for cell proliferation and related signaling pathways in BMECs. Methods: Immortalized BMECs (MAC-T) were treated with six hormones (insulin, cortisol, progesterone, estrone, 17β-estradiol, and epidermal growth factor) and ten EAAs (arginine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, tryptophan, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, and valine) for 24 h. Results: Cells were cultured in a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) as FBS supplemented at a concentration of 10% to 50% showed a comparable increase in cell proliferation rate. The optimized combination of four hormones (insulin, cortisol, progesterone, and 17β-estradiol) and 20% of a mixture of ten EAAs led to the highest cell proliferation rate, which led to a significant increase in cell cycle progression at the S and G2/M phases, in the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin B1, cell nucleus staining, and in cell numbers. Conclusion: The optimal combination of hormones and EAAs increased BMEC proliferation by enhancing cell cycle progression in the S and G/2M phases. Our findings indicate that optimizing hormone and amino acid levels has the potential to enhance milk production, both in cell culture settings by promoting increased cell numbers, and in dairy cows by regulating feed intake.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.849-856
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• 2018

설사는 경제동물의 이유시기 폐사율을 일으키는 가장 높은 요인이다. 크레오소트는 전통 의약품으로 오랜 세월동안 지사제로 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구는 흰 쥐 모델에서 크레오소트 급여가 동물의 성장 효율 및 장내 미생물에 미치는 영향을 구명할 목적으로 수행되었다. 4주령의 수컷 흰쥐 24마리를 임의로 대조구, 항생제 그룹, 크레오소트 0.4% 그룹, 크레오소트 0.8% 그룹으로 배치하였다. 대조구는 기초사료, 항생제 그룹은 apramycin 0.5%, 크레오소트 그룹은 크레오소트 0.4%와 0.8% 수준으로 하여 예비시험 기간 1주일, 본시험 기간 4주일 동안 급여하였다. 일당증체량은 실험구간 차이가 없었으나, 사료 섭취량은 Creo 0.8 그룹에서 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 장내 미생물에 대한 문(phylum) 수준 분석 결과 Creo 0.8 그룹에서 Firmicutes가 감소하고 Bacteroidetes가 증가하여 F/B비율을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 과(family) 수준에서는 Lachnospiraceae가 크레오소트 0.8% 수준에서 증가되었으며(p<0.01), 속(genus) 수준에서는 Turicibacter가 감소되었다(p<0.01). 종(species) 수준에서는 Clostridium disporicum이 감소되었다(p<0.01). 이상의 결과는 쥐에 크레오소트 급여는 사료 섭취량을 증가시키고 장내 미생물의 변화에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.