• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2009

Codonopsis lanceolatae have been used as one of the traditional remedies as well as food source. We previously reported that in vitro supplementation of Codonopsis lanceolatae water extracts enhanced the splenocytes proliferation compared to the control group. This study, the combined immunomodulative effect of water extract Codonopsis lanceolatae was Seven to eight weeks old mice(balb/c) was fed ad libitum on chow diet and water extract of Codonopsis lanceolatae was orally administrated every other day for four weeks at two different concentrations(50 and 500 mg/kg B.W.). The production of cytokine(IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$), secreted by macrophages stimulated with LPS or not, were detected by ELISA assay using the cytokine kit. The result of ex vivo study showed that the IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$ was detected at 500 mg/kg B.W. supplementation group with LPS stimulation in all cases. Also, ratio of IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-10 was the range of 3${\sim}$7 with mitogen stimulation such as Con A and LPS. In conclusion, this study suggests that Codonopsis lanceolatae extracts may enhance the immune function by regulating the cytokine(IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$) prodution capacity by activated macrophages in mice.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2016

Purpose - This study investigates whether corporate social responsibility(hereafter CSR) management activities affect companies' performance. Depending on the CSR management activities and companies' type (national and multinational), we examined whether there is any difference in their CSR activities on Corporate Performance. Research design, data, and methodology - Data were collected from 230 surveys with a sample group consisting of employees in multinational corporations located in Seoul and Gyeonggi and 224 copies were used from 3 May 2016 to 17 May 2016. The data was analyzed by SPSS 21.0. Results - The empirical results show that CSR management activities positively influence on financial and non-financial corporate achievement and CSR may be interpreted as a strategic method to improve corporate value. But the impacts of CSR activities on performance were different between domestic and multinational corporations. The reason that the legal responsibility was overruled as a factor for financial and non-financial achievement in domestic company may be that CSR management activity is perceived as an indulgence to hide or beautify negative behavior regarding corporate illegal behavior, thus it does not deliver value. Conclusions - CSR activities can be delivered differently between domestic and multinational corporations, and further study should be done why there are differences between corporations.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.397-408
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• 2015

Purpose: Express mail service(EMS) supplied by 'Korea POST'is an international postal service which brings letters, documents and parcels to a destination abroad in the fastest and safest way. This service is in a tough competition with global companies such as TNT, FedEx, DHL or UPS. To build an effective strategy for being competitive, an intensive study on EMS service quality should be accomplished from a customer's perspective. Methods: Kano model and improvement gap analysis are used to categorize and prioritize EMS service quality attributes. A 5-point Lickert scale is employed to apply the Kano model and improvement gap analysis. Each quality attribute can be classified as weak in comparison with competitors, critical for improvement, or potentially competitive. Results: Price, on-time delivery and delivery quality are to be kept as is; fast delivery, parking convenience and staff expertise can be potentially competitive; and the other attributes are considered to be critical for improvement. Conclusions: Fast reimbursement and proper compensation when shipping items are lost or damaged are to be improved with high priority. Efforts to secure fast delivery, parking convenience and staff expertise are needed to be competitive in the future.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.362-367
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• 2012

Corn has been used for a long time as a traditional remedy, as well as a food source. We previously reported that in vitro supplementation of corn water extracts enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes, compared to the control group. In this study, we examined the immunomodulative effect of a water extract of corn. Seven to eight weeks old mice(Balb/c) were fed an ad libitum chow diet, and were orally administrated a water extract of corn every other day, for four weeks, at two different concentrations(50 and 500 mg/kg B.W). Cytokine production(IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$) by macrophages stimulated with LPS or not stimulated with LPS was detected by ELISA assay using the cytokine kit. In an ex vivo study, the cytokines IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$ were detected at 500 mg/kg b.w. supplementation group with LPS stimulation in all cases. Also, the ratio of IFN-${\gamma}$ to IL-10 was in the range of 0~3 with mitogen stimulation, such as con A and LPS. In conclusion, this study suggests that in mice, corn extracts may enhance immune function by regulating the cytokine production(IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$) of the activated macrophages.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권6_3호
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• pp.1215-1221
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• 2023

According to the study and experiments performed on the Improvement of Maintaining Temperature of Aviation Dangerous Goods, a conclusion was drawn that clear technical guidelines should be established from the design and assembly stage of temperature-controlled packaging, taking into account actual transportation environment. In particular, profiles consisting of only two types of summer and winter are difficult to adjust flexibly in transportation process with severe weather and temperature changes such as spring and fall. To this end, there is a need to establish a compromise profile configuration for summer and winter. It was also found that the condition of the refrigerant, temperature control, and the speed of the packaging operation have a significant impact on maintaining constant temperature. Therefore, all packing operations need to be completed within a short period of time in the environment close to the target temperature. The current packing instructions provided by packaging manufacturers do not provide precise instructions on post-conditioning, but the experiments in this study confirmed that post-conditioning is very important for maintaining the target temperature, so it is necessary to provide precise legal packing technical instructions.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권7호
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• pp.963-971
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 4주간의 고지방식이와 지구성 운동이 골격근의 PGC-$1{\alpha}$, PPAR-${\gamma}$ 및 인슐린 저항성(glucose uptake, GLUT-4)에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 인슐린 민감도 지표인 혈당내성검사에서는 일반식이와 비교하여 고지방식이에서 포도당 투여 후 30분과 60분에서 유의하게 증가하였으며, 운동집단에서는 일반식이와 고지방식이집단에 비해 유의하게 감소한 것을 알 수 있었다. 골격근의 포도당 운반률, PGC-$1{\alpha}$, GLUT-4, PPAR-${\gamma}$의 결과에서는 일반식이에 비해 고지방식이집단에서 감소하는 경향이 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 운동집단(저/중/고강도운동)에서는 일반/고지방식이집단과 비교하여 유의하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 운동집단의 운동강도 차이에서 GLUT-4와 PPAR-${\gamma}$는 집단 간 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 골격근의 포도당 운반률과 PGC-$1{\alpha}$ 단백질 발현은 저/중강도 운동과 비교하여 고강도 운동이 유의하게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 4주간의 고지방식이는 whole body의 인슐린 저항성을 발생시켰으나 근육 내 인슐린 저항에는 영향을 미치는 못한 것으로 사료된다. 그러므로 추후 고지방식이의 함량, 섭취 기간 등을 고려한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 4주간의 지속적인 지구성 운동이 고지방식이로 인해 발생된 골격근 인슐린 저항성을 감소시키는데 효과적인으로 나타났으나 운동 강도에 따른 골격근의 포도당 운반률, PGC-$1{\alpha}$, GLUT-4, PPAR-${\gamma}$의 변화가 인슐린 저항성이 개선시켰다고 설명하기는 부족한 것으로 판단된다. 그러므로 추후 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 운동 형태(운동 기간, 운동강도)에 따른 골격근의 PGC-$1{\alpha}$와 insulin signalling pathway에 대한 세부적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2005

Natural products are increasingly appreciated as a lead for drug discovery and development. A number of investigators have studied various activities of natural products and have found that they have not only nutritional effects but also beneficial properties to cure various diseases and to maintain good health. Job's Tear(Yul-Moo) is a grass crop that have long been used in traditional medicine and a nourishing food. Job's Tear has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, stomachic, antiallergic activity, and antispastic effects and has been used in China for the treatment of warts, rheumatism, and neuralgia although its mechanism remains unclear. Previous results in our laboratory demonstrated that the ethanol extract and water extract of Job's Tear exerted an immune regulatory function on mice cells in vitro. The present study was performed to investigate the ex vivo effect of Job's Tear on immune function. Seven to eight weeks old mices(Balb/c) were fed ad libitum on chow diet and water extract of Job's Tear were orally administrated every other day for two or four weeks at two different concentrations (50 and 500mg/kg B.W.). Proliferation of mice spenocytes and antibody production to sheep red blood cells(SRBC) using hemolytic plague forming cell assay were used to indicate the immune activity. Splenocytes proliferation of Job's Tear with mitogen stimulation such as Con A and LPS was enhanced at 50 mg/kg B.W. concentrations compared to those of control group. In case of antibody production to sheep red blood cells, the number of antibody- secreting cells was increased by administration of 50mg/kg B.W. concentration in mice immunized as a T-dependent antigen. From the present study, Job's Tear water extracts may be suggested to stimulate the mice immune response by enhancing the splenocytes proliferation and the number of plague forming cells.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.346-353
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• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the effects of cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum on the lipid accumulation and body weight reduction in C57BL/6J mice. Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups and assigned to one of these groups; normal chew diet(Nor) group, high-fat diet(HFD) group, HFD plus spores of Ganoderma lucidum 800 mg/kg/day (HFD + GS/B) group, HFD plus cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum 400 mg/kg/day (HFD + BGS/A) group and finally HFD plus cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum 800mg/kg/day (HFD + BGS/B). The experimental groups which were treated oral co-administration with cell-wall broken(or original) spores of Ganoderma lucidum and HFD significantly attenuated accumulative body weight gain, compared with HFD group. Administration of these experimental materials also resulted in significant reduction not only the serum levels of total cholesterol, homocysteine but also the lipid accumulation in liver tissue. But in the almost of results the cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum were evaluated superior than the original one. These results indicate that cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum may inhibit the lipid accumulation in blood as well as liver tissue. Therefore it may be a valuable candidate for the therapy preventing obese induced hyperlipidemic symptoms.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2005

The effects of different concentrations of estrogen supplementation to mature female rats or estrogen supplementation to ovariectomized rats on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, PGE$_2$ production and mapkinases expression were investigated in experimentally induced atherogenic rats with feeding a high fat. high cholesterol diet. In the first experiment using 48-week old mature rats, the supplementation of three different levels of estrogen was compared to the basal diet. The high concentration of estrogen supplementation induced the marked up-regulation of COX-2 protein and the increase in plasma PGE$_2$ production and this seems to be followed by the up-regulation of p38 among mapkinases. The regulation of bax showed in a reverse trend of COX-2 in heart tissues of mature female rats. In the second ex-perimental system, female Sprague-Dawley rats were bilaterally ovariectomized; sham-operated animals were used as controls. Three weeks later, the animals were supplied with basal diet to sham-operated control group and ovariectomized control group, and estrogen supplemented diet to ovariectomized group for an eight-week experimental period. In a group supplemented with a medium dose of estrogen, COX-2 expression was up-regulated. This up-regulation was accompanied by the elevated expression of pERK1/2. Bax was increased in estrogen-fed animals indicating bax might be involved in estrogen feeding state in ovariectomized rats. Further investigations on the relationship between COX-2 and biological activities such as vasodilation by estrogen are required in in vivo system of female rats at the various physiological states.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표논문집
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• pp.64-84
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• 2002

본 연구는 가금맹장에서 유래된 유산균의 생균제적 가치를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 시험 I에서는 가금 맹장 유산균의 특성을 구명하고자 산란계 및 육계 맹장 유산균을 각각 12주와 11주를 분리하여 내산성, 내담즙산성, 효소분비력, 항병원성 및 항생제 감수성을 조사하였다. 분리된 균주들은 PH 3부터 점차적으로 사멸하는 균주와 일정하게 유지되는 균주로 구분되었으며, PH 4에서 모든 유산균의 성장은 양호하였다. 본 실험에서 분리된 대부분의 유산균은 bile salt에 의해 성장이 저해되는 것으로 나타났는데 몇몇 균주는 저항성이 높게 나타났다. 선발된 맹장유산균과 다른 균주와 비교하였는데, 가금 맹장유래 유산균은 다른 유산균과 Bacillus에 비하여 효소분비성이 우수한 것으로 나타났으며 효소별 분비능력에서 amylase와 lipase 활성은 강한 것으로 나타났지만 cellulase와 protease의 활성은 약한 것으로 나타났다. 항병성 조사에서 유산균 배양액은 균종에 관계없이 병원성 E. coli에 대하여 억제성이 높았으며 억제요인으로는 유기산 분비에 의한 pH 저하가 주 요인으로 나타났다. 그러나 병원성 Salmonella에 대해서는 유산균 배양액의 억제성이 낮았다. 유산균은 페니실린 계통의 항생제에 의하여 생존율은 저하되었지만 이외의 다른 항생제는 유산균의 생존에 미치는 영향이 없었다. 본 실험에서 선발된 유산균은 각각 target animal에 급여하여 host specific effect를 구명하기 위하여 사양실험을 실행하였다. 시험II는 유산균의 급여가 육계의 생산성, 영양소 이용성, 장내미생물, 계사내 환경, 혈청 콜레스테롤, 응모의 발달에 미치는 영향 및 육계에 대한 유산균의 적정 급여수준을 구명하고자 시행하였다. 육계 초생추에 육계ㆍ산란계의 맹장에서 유래한 Lactobacillus crispatus avibrol(LCB), L. reuteri avibro2(LRB) L. crispatus avihen1(LCH), L. vaginalis avihen2(LVH) 각각을 사료 g당 $10^4$/cfu 및 $10^{7}$ cfu의 수준으로 급여하였다. 유산균의 급여에 의한 육계의 체중은 대조구에 비하여 증체량은 50~100g이 높았다. 사료섭취량 및 사료요구율은 대조구와 모든 유산균 급여구간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 영양소 이용율에서 건물소화율은 유산균 급여구가 대조구에 비하여 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 단백질, Ca 이용율도 유산균 급여구가 대조구에 비하여 전체적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 유산균 급여구에서 조지방, 조회분 소화율은 대조구에 비하여 개선되는 경향을 보였지만 인의 이용율은 처리구간에 일정한 경향이 없었다. 유산균 종류별 영양소 이용율은 LCH 급여구가 모든 일반성분 및 Ca, p의 이용율이 가장 높았다(P〈0.05). 회장내 유산균 수는 시험 전기간 현저하게 증가하였으며 (P〈0.05), 맹장에서는 5주령에 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. Yeast는 회장에서 1주령까지는 장내에 완전히 정착하지 못하는 것으로 생각되며, 맹장 및 3주령 이후의 회장에서는 대부분의 유산균 급여구에서 Yeast의 수가 증가하였다(P〈0.05).