• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.252-265
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• 1997

This study was performed to investigate effect of dietary fibers in rice and barley on glucose, lipid and cadmium (Cd) metabolism in the rat. Fifty-six male Spague-Dawley rats weighing 244.6$\pm$2.7g were blocked into eight groups according to body weight and raised for four weeks with diets containing 0 or 0.04%(w/w) CdCl2 and four different carbohydrate sources, starch, rice flour, barley flour and mixture of rice and barley flour(7 : 3, w/w). Total dietary fibers and $\beta$-glucan contents of barley were about three times higher than those of rice (10.75% vs. 3.94%, 3.11% vs. 1.06%, respectively). Food intake, weight gain, food efficiency ratio, liver and kidney weights were lower in Cd exposed groups, and barley group among Cd exposed animals showed highest weight gain, food efficiency ratio and organ weights. Fasting serum glucose levels were not significantly different among groups, Serum cholesterol level was lowest in Cd exposed barley group. Serum HDL-cholesterol level was higher in none-Cd exposed starch and barley groups, and HDL-cholesterol : total cholesterol ratios were higher in none-Cd rice and mixed flour groups than other groups. Liver total lipid and triglyceride levels were lowest in barley groups regardless of Cd administration. Fecal total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride excretions were high in barley and mixed flour groups. Liver Cd concentrations were low in Cd exposed barley and mixed flour groups. In Cd exposed barley group, fecal weight and Cd excretion were highest and Cd retention ratio was lowest among groups. Small intestine metallothionein(MT) concentration was highest in Cd exposed rice group, and kidney MT concentration was highest in Cd exposed barley group. In conclusion, cereals showed different effects on lipid and Cd metabolism that might be mediated by dietary fibers in cereals. Especially $\beta$-glucan-rich barley group showed greatest lipid and Cd lowering effects by increasing fecal lipids and Cd excretions.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2001

Much attention has been given to the role of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed in preventing and treating osteroporosis recently. Although numerous studies were done on effects of safflower oil, no attention was given to the role of dietary fiber of safflower seeds. This study was aimed at investigating physiological significance of defatted safflower seed as a source of dietary fiber. Sprague Dawley female rats were assigned one of 5 groups: ovariectomized control (Ovx-control) group and ovariectomized rats 15% (Ovx-ss15) and 30% defatted safflower seed (Ovx-SS30), sham-operated (Sham) group and a normal group. Cholesterol was supplemented to all diets at 0.5% except the normal diet. Ovariectomized rats were pair-fed isocalorically to the Sham group. Ovariectomy caused heavier body weight, but feeding 30% safflower seed brought back to the level of Sham group. Activities of disaccharidases of jejunal mucosa were significantly lowered in Ovx-control group compared to those of Sham, and supplementation of safflower seed tended to increase the activities. Fecal weight of Ovx-SS15 and Ovx-SS30 were almost twice as those of Ovx-control Sham. Propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations per g of feces of Ovx-SS15 and daily excretion of these fatty acids were significantly increased as compared to those of Sham and Ovx-control. In concentration defatted safflower seed supplementation significantly increased fecal bulk and short chain fatty acid production in large intestine of rats.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1969

The conventional triolen absorption test has its defect in that the stool collection was cumbersome, time and energy-wasting. In the present study, the triolen absorption test was carried out using double tracer technique with $^{125}I-triolen\;and\;^{51}Cr_2O_3$ to determine if it can overcome the defect of the conventional method also with satisfactory results. Following were the results: 1. The clinical significance of this double tracer method was essentially the same with that previously done by radioactive. triolen alone. With the fractional fecal samples, the equation, y=0.626x+2.010 was substantiated, hence, this method appears to be clinically valuable if the appropriate correction is applied. With the mixed fecal samples, the equation y=0.642x+1.468 was substantiated (p<0.005) which appears to be also clinically valuable. When these two data were compared, the equation y=0.975x+0.090 (P<0.05) was substantiated, hence, $x{\fallingdotseq}y$. 2. The normal ranges of the fecal triolen excretion rate in this double tracer method were $3.46{\pm}1.69%$, namely, less than 6.9%. 3. The samplings were done from the first to third defecation in cases of clinically normal, and from the first to second defecation in cases of diarrhea or malabsorption. 4. The intestinal malabsorption of triolen was not observed in whom the triolen absorption was supposed to be clinically normal, however. a good number of suspicious malabsorptive cases showed the normal values.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.308-314
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• 2012

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a cruciferous vegetable, and its leaves have antioxidant and anticancer properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ethyl acetate extracts from radish leaves on hypertension in 11-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The SHRs were randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each on the basis of initial systolic blood pressure (SBP) and were treated with oral administration of radish leaf extract (0, 30, or 90 mg/kg body weight [bw], respectively) for 5 weeks. Six Wistar rats were used as normotensive controls. The amount of the radish leaf extract had no effect on body weight. The SBP of the SHRs showed a decreasing trend with the consumption of the radish leaf extract. In the third week, the SBP of the group fed 90 mg extract/kg bw reduced from 214 mmHg to 166 mmHg and was significantly lower than that of the normotensive and hypertensive controls. The extract did not show a significant effect on the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in the serum, kidney, and lung. The extract increased the concentration of NO in serum and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and catalase in red blood cells (RBCs). The serum concentrations of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ were not significantly different between all groups. However, the fecal concentrations of $Na^+$ and $K^+$ increased; the fecal concentrations of $Na^+$ and$K^+$for the normotensive and hypertensive controls were not different. Urinary excretion of $Na^+$ was higher in the normotensive Wistar rats than in the SHRs, while that of $K^+$ was not significantly different. These findings indicate that consumption of radish leaves might have had antihypertensive effects in SHRs by increasing the serum concentration of NO and fecal concentration of $Na^+$ and enhancing antioxidant activities.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.207-217
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of fascioliasis of slaughtered and farmed cattle in Gwangju area from February to November in 2007. A total of 1,000 cattle fecal samples were collected from slaughter houses (n=805) and farms (n=185). Twelve (1.2%) were found as positive cases with excretion of the egg of Fasciola spp in the fecal specimens, and 128 (12.8%) were positive in intestinal parasitism using the flotation and sedimentation procedures. The infection rate of fluke larvae from the slaughtered cattle at abattoirs in Gwangju was 0.75% (6 out of 805 heads). In histopathology, there were several liver lesions such as inflammation with infiltration of eosinophil, polymorphonuclear cells, mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells, proliferation of connective tissue, calcification and abscess formation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.525-534
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• 2001

A total of 120 pigs were used to investigate the effects of yucca extracts on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nutrient excretion and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs fed different levels of dietary protein. Pigs were allotted into $2{\times}3$ factorial design by the supplementation of yucca extracts (YE, 0 and 120 mg/kg) and 3 levels of dietary protein (14, 16, 18% for early finisher and 12, 14, 16% for late finisher for low, medium and high protein diet, respectively). During the early finishing period (51~76 kg BW), no significant difference was found in growth performance regardless of the YE supplementation or dietary protein levels. Growth performance of late finishing pigs (76~101 kg BW) was also not significantly different among treatments. However, ADG of pigs fed YE diet was significantly improved (p<0.05) regardless of the dietary protein levels. For the overall period (51~101 kg BW), although adding YE to the diet and elevating the protein level showed better ADG, there were no significant differences on growth performance among treatments. Early finishers showed significantly higher crude protein, crude ash and crude fat digestibilities when they were fed diets supplemented with YE. Digestibilities of amino acids were not affected by YE. Late finishers did not show any significant differences in proximate nutrient digestibilities regardless of YE supplementation or dietary protein levels. YE tended to slightly improve the CP digestibility, however no significant difference was found with increased dietary protein levels. There was no significant difference in amino acid digestibilities with YE supplementation or dietary CP levels during the late finishing period. Dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) excretion in feces did not show any significant difference among treatments. Early finishing pigs also did not respond to the inclusion of YE or dietary protein levels (p<0.05). Fecal N excretion of early finishing pigs seemed to be lowered in pigs fed YE. Pigs fed medium dietary protein diet tended to excrete a higher amount of N during the early finishing period, but not statistically different. A slight increase in fecal N excretion was found with the increased level of dietary protein during the late finishing period. For ammonia nitrogen excretion, although there was no significance, the NH3-N content tended to be increased by the increased dietary protein levels and with YE supplementation. The NH3-N content in manure increased by 24.5% with YE supplementation. There were no significant differences in carcass weight, backfat thickness, carcass grade and loin eye area among treatments. However, pigs fed non-YE with low protein diet showed a significantly (p<0.05) low carcass ratio among treatments and there was significant (p<0.05) difference between the YE-added treatment and non YE treatment in carcass ratio. As for the feed cost, the cost of feeding high level protein was higher than that of medium level protein by 5% and low level protein by 9% (p<0.05). Therefore, based on this study, it could be concluded that environmentally friendly agents might play a role to some extent in finishing pigs from the aspect of pollution control, and that more than 14 and 12% of dietary protein for early finishing and late finishing pigs respectively do not necessarily guarantee high growth performance.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 16주령 암컷 흰쥐를 대상으로 이소플라본의 함량이 다른 세 종류의 식이를 6주간 공급한 후 뇨와 변에서 daidzein과 genistein의 배설량을 측정하여 생체 이용성을 살펴보고 난소절제 여부에 따른 차이가 있는지도 알아보고자 하였다. 식이 내 이소플라본의 첨가량이 많을수록 변 중 daidzein 배설량은 유의적으로 증가하여 섭취량에 따른 반응의존성을 나타내었다. 그러나 난소절제여부에 따른 차이는 없었다. 변 중 genistein의 배설량도 이 소플라본의 첨가량이 많을수록 유의적으로 증가하였으나, HI군에서 비교해보면 난소절제시 sham수술보다 변 중 배설량이 유의적으로 낮았다. 변 중 회수율의 경우에는 배설량과 같은 섭취량에 비례적인 관계는 나타나지 않았으며 난소절제 여부에 따른 차이도 뚜렷하지 않았다. 뇨 중 daidzein의 배설량은 변 중 배설량과 마찬가지로 sham과 난소절제 모두에서 이소플라본의 첨가량이 많을수록 유의적으로 증가되었다. 난소절제 여부에 따른 뇨 중 이소플라본의 배설량을 보면 LI, MI, HI군에서 daidEein의 배설량은 sham에 비해 난소절제에서 유의적으로 낮았으며 genistein의 배설량도 LI군에서는 유의적으로 낮았다. 또한 뇨 중 회수율을 보면 sham에서 LI군에 비해 Ml와 Hl군에서 회수율이 유의적으로 낮았는데, 난소절제의 경우에는 이소플라본의 수준에 따른 회수율의 차이가 없었다. 그리고 회수율은 난소절제에서 sham에 비해 LI와 MI군에서 유의적으로 낮았다. 그러므로 이소플라본의 섭취수준이 증가하면 뇨와 변을 통한 이소플라본의 배설은 한국인의 일상적 섭취수준의 10배 범위에서는 섭취량에 의존적임을 알 수 있으며, 난소절제를 하였을 경우 뇨와 변을 통한 배설량을 감소시켜서 더 많이 체내에서 이용함을 알 수 있었다. 섭취량이 증가하면 sham수술의 경우에는 뇨 중 회수율이 감소함에 비해 난소절제에서는 회수율이 동일하고 LI와 MI군에서는 유의적으로 sham에 비해 회수율이 낮으므로 난소절제모델에서는 이소플라본의 생체이용성이 매우 높음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 점으로 미루어볼 때 난소호르몬의 분비가 없는 폐경 후 여성에게는 이소플라본의 섭취가 호르몬으로서의 효과가 뚜렷할 것으로 짐작되며 이소플라본의 보충섭취를 권장한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1616-1620
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• 2001

Two feeding trials were conducted to study the effects of different chelated copper and zinc compounds on the performance and fecal excretions of weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, 150 weanling pigs ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$, $12.30{\pm}2.07kg$) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: 170 ppm Cu from $CuSO_4$, 85 ppm Cu from Cu amino-chelate (CAC), 170 ppm Cu from CAC, 85 ppm Cu from Cu-Lysine (CL), and 170 ppm Cu from CL. In Exp. 2, 150 weanling pigs ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$, $12.52{\pm}1.80kg$) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: 120 ppm Zn from $ZnSO_4$, 60 ppm Zn from Zn-amino-chelate (ZAC), 120 ppm Zn from ZAC, 60 ppm Zn from Zn-Methionine (ZM), and 120 ppm Zn from ZM. In both experiments, pigs were randomly distributed to the treatments following a randomized complete block design on the basis of body weight as the blocking variable. Each experiment was conducted for 28 days. Blood and fecal samples were collected to determine mineral contents as affected by the dietary treatments. There was no difference (p>0.05) in ADG and ADFI among treatments, but F/G was improved (p<0.05) in pigs fed diet with 170 ppm CAC than 85 ppm CL but not different (p>0.05) to the control (170 ppm $CuSO_4$). Regardless of copper source, concentration of Cu in serum and feces were higher in pigs fed diet with 170 ppm Cu than pigs fed diet with 85 ppm Cu (Exp 1). In Exp 2 the ADG was higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed diet with 120 ppm ZM than in pigs fed diets with 120 ppm $ZnSO_4$ and 60 ppm ZAC and ZM. The serum zinc concentration was generally higher (p<0.05) in pigs fed diet with organic source than the control group ($ZnSO_4$). Also, there was a trend towards a decrease in fecal excretions of zinc when dietary zinc level was low. The efficacy of the two chelated copper and zinc sources is similar in terms of growth performance. The fecal excretions for Cu and Zn could be reduced in pigs fed low level of these minerals using organic sources.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1965

Glycyrrhizin, an active constituent of Glycyrrhiza, was chemically extracted and its hypocholesterolemic activities were studied in rats. Following were the results: 1. The Sprague Dowley rats fed with the standard diet were divided into 4 groups, $50{\sim}60$ in each, and glycyrrhizin was given in doses of 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0mg per 100gm body weight daily for 10, 20, 30, and 60 days. Glycyrrhizin showed more or less the hypocholesterolemic activities in all animals. All of the animal groups to which 1. 0mg and 2.0mg of glycyrrhizin were given died before 60 days, while no mortality cases was noted in the group to which 0.5mg of glycyrrhizin was given. 2. Cholesterol administration induced hypercholesterolemia in all experimental animals, however, simultaneous administration of cholesterol with 0.5mg of glycyrrhizin suppressed the rise of the total serum cholesterol levels. The former group did not survive until 56 days, while the latter did. 3. Glycyrrhizin also Suppressed the cholesterol biosynthesis and incorporation of cholesterol in the liver tissues. 4. Glycyrrhizin induced the increase of the fecal excretion of the sterol compounds.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1993

This study was performed observe the effect of vegetable oil on the liver of 0.5% cholesterol-fed rats. In this experiment, male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. The rats were divided into 5groups which were fed differently either for 8 weeks: basal diet, 20% sunflower oil diet, 20% soybean oil diet, 20% rapeseed oil diet.,20% coconut oil diet. The total cholesterol, triglyceride level in the liver were showed tendency of increase with increasing of P/S ratios. Bile acid excretion in the fecal increased with increasing of P/S ratios. The value of TBA in the serum and liver were increased in proportion to the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The liver fatty acid of coconut-fed group showed larger variation than fatty acid of the cocount oil. The fat chang of sunflower oil diet in the liver showed the largest change.