• Title/Summary/Keyword: Feature-based classification

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Diagnosis of Diabetes Using Voltage Analysis Based on EIS (Electro Interstitial Scan) (EIS 기반 전압신호 분석을 통한 당뇨병 진단 가능성 평가)

  • Bae, Jang-Han;Kim, Soochan;Kaewkannate, Kanitthika;Jun, Min-Ho;Kim, Jaeuk U.
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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    • v.53 no.11
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    • pp.114-122
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    • 2016
  • EIS (Electro interstitial scan) is a non-invasive and simple method to find the physio-pathological information inferred by electric current response with respect to low direct current applied between remote sites of the body. Although a few EIS-based devices for diagnosing diabetes were commercialized, they were not successful in offering clinical validity nor in confirming diagnostic principle. In this study, we measured the voltage responses of diabetic patients and normal subjects with a commercialized EIS device to test the usefulness of EIS in screening diabetes. For this purpose, voltage was measured between pairs of electrodes contacted at both palm, both soles of the feet and left and right forehead above both eyes. After feature extraction of voltage signals, the AUC (area under the curve) between the two groups was calculated and we found that seven variables were appropriately shown above 60% of accuracy. In addition, we applied the k-NN (k-nearest neighbors) method and found that the accuracy of classification between the two groups reached the accuracy of 76.2%. This result implies that the voltage response analysis based on EIS has potential as a diabetics screening method.

A Study on Multi-modal Near-IR Face and Iris Recognition on Mobile Phones (휴대폰 환경에서의 근적외선 얼굴 및 홍채 다중 인식 연구)

  • Park, Kang-Ryoung;Han, Song-Yi;Kang, Byung-Jun;Park, So-Young
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2008
  • As the security requirements of mobile phones have been increasing, there have been extensive researches using one biometric feature (e.g., an iris, a fingerprint, or a face image) for authentication. Due to the limitation of uni-modal biometrics, we propose a method that combines face and iris images in order to improve accuracy in mobile environments. This paper presents four advantages and contributions over previous research. First, in order to capture both face and iris image at fast speed and simultaneously, we use a built-in conventional mega pixel camera in mobile phone, which is revised to capture the NIR (Near-InfraRed) face and iris image. Second, in order to increase the authentication accuracy of face and iris, we propose a score level fusion method based on SVM (Support Vector Machine). Third, to reduce the classification complexities of SVM and intra-variation of face and iris data, we normalize the input face and iris data, respectively. For face, a NIR illuminator and NIR passing filter on camera are used to reduce the illumination variance caused by environmental visible lighting and the consequent saturated region in face by the NIR illuminator is normalized by low processing logarithmic algorithm considering mobile phone. For iris, image transform into polar coordinate and iris code shifting are used for obtaining robust identification accuracy irrespective of image capturing condition. Fourth, to increase the processing speed on mobile phone, we use integer based face and iris authentication algorithms. Experimental results were tested with face and iris images by mega-pixel camera of mobile phone. It showed that the authentication accuracy using SVM was better than those of uni-modal (face or iris), SUM, MAX, NIN and weighted SUM rules.

Analysis of major research trends in artificial intelligence based on domestic/international patent data (국내외 특허데이터 기반의 인공지능분야 기술동향 분석)

  • Chung, Myoung Sug;Jeong, So-Hee;Lee, Joo Yeoun
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.187-195
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    • 2018
  • Recently, the 4th industrial revolution has emerged as the core for enhancing national competitiveness, the development of a technology roadmap to efficiently develop related technologies to realize super intelligence as a main feature of the 4th Industrial Revolution is a major task has been highlighted. The objective of this study is to analyze the domestic and foreign technology level in the artificial intelligence field which is the core technology of the 4th Industrial Revolution era and to present the direction of development based on this. The keyword network analysis and the blank technical analysis based on the IPC classification were performed on the data derived from the keyword search of 'AI (Artificial Intelligence)' among domestic and foreign patent data. As a result, the number of domestic artificial intelligence related technology development was 1.2% compared with developed countries such as USA and Europe. In the major development fields, data recognition technology and digital information transmission technology were relatively insufficient. Through this study, we obtained the blank technology as a result of comparative analysis of domestic artificial intelligence related technologies compared to advanced countries and suggested the direction of domestic artificial intelligence technology development in future.

Vehicle Headlight and Taillight Recognition in Nighttime using Low-Exposure Camera and Wavelet-based Random Forest (저노출 카메라와 웨이블릿 기반 랜덤 포레스트를 이용한 야간 자동차 전조등 및 후미등 인식)

  • Heo, Duyoung;Kim, Sang Jun;Kwak, Choong Sub;Nam, Jae-Yeal;Ko, Byoung Chul
    • Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.282-294
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    • 2017
  • In this paper, we propose a novel intelligent headlight control (IHC) system which is durable to various road lights and camera movement caused by vehicle driving. For detecting candidate light blobs, the region of interest (ROI) is decided as front ROI (FROI) and back ROI (BROI) by considering the camera geometry based on perspective range estimation model. Then, light blobs such as headlights, taillights of vehicles, reflection light as well as the surrounding road lighting are segmented using two different adaptive thresholding. From the number of segmented blobs, taillights are first detected using the redness checking and random forest classifier based on Haar-like feature. For the headlight and taillight classification, we use the random forest instead of popular support vector machine or convolutional neural networks for supporting fast learning and testing in real-life applications. Pairing is performed by using the predefined geometric rules, such as vertical coordinate similarity and association check between blobs. The proposed algorithm was successfully applied to various driving sequences in night-time, and the results show that the performance of the proposed algorithms is better than that of recent related works.

A Causal Model on the Relationship between Resources of Natural Parks and User's Satisfaction (자연공원의 자원과 이용 만족도간의 관계에 관한 인과모형 -국립공원과 도립공원을 중심으로-)

  • 장병문;배민기
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.12-24
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this paper is to decompose the effect of resources of natural parks(NP) on user's satisfaction to answer the research question: What are the causal effects of resources of natural parks on user\ulcorner After reviewing the literature, classification of resources of NP, various approaches and analysis methods employed, we constructed the conceptual framework and have formulated the hypothesis of this research. We had obtained data through a questionnaire, which surveyed 414 visitors at 6 of the 73 NP in Korea in 2001, based on a stratified sampling method. We have analyzed the data using descriptive statistical methods, Pearson's correlation analysis, and a path analysis method. We found that 1) While the indirect effect of topographical feature and valley(TFV), socio-cultural resources(SCR), and climate, sound, and scent(CSS) turned out to be 2.75, 1.20, and 2.00 times higher than that of wild animal and plant(WAP), the direct effect of TFV, SCR, and landscape turned out to be 2.95, 2.88, and 2.64 times higher than that of CSS, 2) The magnitude of causal effects of the three exogeneous variables of TFV, WAP, and SCR and two intervening variables of CSS and landscape on User's satisfaction turned out to be 0.403, 0.048, 0.323, 0.188, and 0.243, respectively, 3) Total direct effect of the exogeneous and intervening variables on user's satisfaction is 0.871, while that of indirect effect is 0.334, and 4) Causal effect of tangible resources is 1.80 times higher than that of intangible while total effect of tangible resources are 1.36 times higher than that of intangible. The research results suggest that 1) Criteria for designation and maintenances of NP and results of previous studies on resources turned out to be unreliable and distorted, 2) In the criteria of planning and maintenance of NP, intangible resources must be included, 3) Remedial directions to increase user's satisfaction should be focused on maintenance of TFV and landscape in NP, and 4) The approach and path analysis adopted by this research is valid and highly useful for other resource based recreation area. It is recommended that more empirical study on seasonal variation of resources in NP based user's preference be performed in the future.

Domain Knowledge Incorporated Counterfactual Example-Based Explanation for Bankruptcy Prediction Model (부도예측모형에서 도메인 지식을 통합한 반사실적 예시 기반 설명력 증진 방법)

  • Cho, Soo Hyun;Shin, Kyung-shik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.307-332
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    • 2022
  • One of the most intensively conducted research areas in business application study is a bankruptcy prediction model, a representative classification problem related to loan lending, investment decision making, and profitability to financial institutions. Many research demonstrated outstanding performance for bankruptcy prediction models using artificial intelligence techniques. However, since most machine learning algorithms are "black-box," AI has been identified as a prominent research topic for providing users with an explanation. Although there are many different approaches for explanations, this study focuses on explaining a bankruptcy prediction model using a counterfactual example. Users can obtain desired output from the model by using a counterfactual-based explanation, which provides an alternative case. This study introduces a counterfactual generation technique based on a genetic algorithm (GA) that leverages both domain knowledge (i.e., causal feasibility) and feature importance from a black-box model along with other critical counterfactual variables, including proximity, distribution, and sparsity. The proposed method was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively to measure the quality and the validity.

Transfer Learning using Multiple ConvNet Layers Activation Features with Principal Component Analysis for Image Classification (전이학습 기반 다중 컨볼류션 신경망 레이어의 활성화 특징과 주성분 분석을 이용한 이미지 분류 방법)

  • Byambajav, Batkhuu;Alikhanov, Jumabek;Fang, Yang;Ko, Seunghyun;Jo, Geun Sik
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.205-225
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    • 2018
  • Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet) is one class of the powerful Deep Neural Network that can analyze and learn hierarchies of visual features. Originally, first neural network (Neocognitron) was introduced in the 80s. At that time, the neural network was not broadly used in both industry and academic field by cause of large-scale dataset shortage and low computational power. However, after a few decades later in 2012, Krizhevsky made a breakthrough on ILSVRC-12 visual recognition competition using Convolutional Neural Network. That breakthrough revived people interest in the neural network. The success of Convolutional Neural Network is achieved with two main factors. First of them is the emergence of advanced hardware (GPUs) for sufficient parallel computation. Second is the availability of large-scale datasets such as ImageNet (ILSVRC) dataset for training. Unfortunately, many new domains are bottlenecked by these factors. For most domains, it is difficult and requires lots of effort to gather large-scale dataset to train a ConvNet. Moreover, even if we have a large-scale dataset, training ConvNet from scratch is required expensive resource and time-consuming. These two obstacles can be solved by using transfer learning. Transfer learning is a method for transferring the knowledge from a source domain to new domain. There are two major Transfer learning cases. First one is ConvNet as fixed feature extractor, and the second one is Fine-tune the ConvNet on a new dataset. In the first case, using pre-trained ConvNet (such as on ImageNet) to compute feed-forward activations of the image into the ConvNet and extract activation features from specific layers. In the second case, replacing and retraining the ConvNet classifier on the new dataset, then fine-tune the weights of the pre-trained network with the backpropagation. In this paper, we focus on using multiple ConvNet layers as a fixed feature extractor only. However, applying features with high dimensional complexity that is directly extracted from multiple ConvNet layers is still a challenging problem. We observe that features extracted from multiple ConvNet layers address the different characteristics of the image which means better representation could be obtained by finding the optimal combination of multiple ConvNet layers. Based on that observation, we propose to employ multiple ConvNet layer representations for transfer learning instead of a single ConvNet layer representation. Overall, our primary pipeline has three steps. Firstly, images from target task are given as input to ConvNet, then that image will be feed-forwarded into pre-trained AlexNet, and the activation features from three fully connected convolutional layers are extracted. Secondly, activation features of three ConvNet layers are concatenated to obtain multiple ConvNet layers representation because it will gain more information about an image. When three fully connected layer features concatenated, the occurring image representation would have 9192 (4096+4096+1000) dimension features. However, features extracted from multiple ConvNet layers are redundant and noisy since they are extracted from the same ConvNet. Thus, a third step, we will use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to select salient features before the training phase. When salient features are obtained, the classifier can classify image more accurately, and the performance of transfer learning can be improved. To evaluate proposed method, experiments are conducted in three standard datasets (Caltech-256, VOC07, and SUN397) to compare multiple ConvNet layer representations against single ConvNet layer representation by using PCA for feature selection and dimension reduction. Our experiments demonstrated the importance of feature selection for multiple ConvNet layer representation. Moreover, our proposed approach achieved 75.6% accuracy compared to 73.9% accuracy achieved by FC7 layer on the Caltech-256 dataset, 73.1% accuracy compared to 69.2% accuracy achieved by FC8 layer on the VOC07 dataset, 52.2% accuracy compared to 48.7% accuracy achieved by FC7 layer on the SUN397 dataset. We also showed that our proposed approach achieved superior performance, 2.8%, 2.1% and 3.1% accuracy improvement on Caltech-256, VOC07, and SUN397 dataset respectively compare to existing work.

The Role of stock market management and social media - Analyzing the types of individual investor and topic - (주식시장관리제도와 소셜 미디어의 역할 - 개인 투자자 집단 유형과 토픽 분석 -)

  • Kim, Jung-Su;Lee, Suk-Jun
    • Management & Information Systems Review
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.23-47
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    • 2015
  • In the Korea stock market, individual investors have perceived stock as short arbitrage investment, not long-term investment strategy. In order to reinforce stock market transparency and soundness, it is important to enforce the measures for stock market management. Especially, stock market event caused by financial policy can be given individual investors negative information regarding a stock trading. Thus, it is a need for investigating whether comprehensive review of listing eligibility is influenced on individual investors' responses and stock behaviors in respect of effectiveness. The purpose of this study to examine the relations between such stock market management and transitional aspect of individual investors' trading types and response on the based of pre- and post-event occurrence. Using an dataset of user's text messages on 9 firms posted on the firm-based social media (i.e., Naver, Daum, Paxnet) over the period 2009 to 2014. And we performed text-clustering and topic modeling according to keywords for classifying into investors group and non-investors groups and two types of investors were categorized depending on main topic transition by event windows in Comprehensive review of listing eligibility. The results indicated that a variety of stockholders existed in the stock. And the ratio of non-investors group was on the decrease, on the other hand, the proportion of investors group veer onto the side of pre-pattern after comprehensive review of listing eligibility. A distinctive feature of our study is to explain the influence of stock market management on response changes of individual investors as well as to categorize in accordance with time progression. Implications an suggestions for future research were also discussed.

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SVM Classifier for the Detection of Ventricular Fibrillation (SVM 분류기를 통한 심실세동 검출)

  • Song, Mi-Hye;Lee, Jeon;Cho, Sung-Pil;Lee, Kyoung-Joung
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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    • v.42 no.5 s.305
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2005
  • Ventricular fibrillation(VF) is generally caused by chaotic behavior of electrical propagation in heart and may result in sudden cardiac death. In this study, we proposed a ventricular fibrillation detection algorithm based on support vector machine classifier, which could offer benefits to reduce the teaming costs as well as good classification performance. Before the extraction of input features, raw ECG signal was applied to preprocessing procedures, as like wavelet transform based bandpass filtering, R peak detection and segment assignment for feature extraction. We selected input features which of some are related to the rhythm information and of others are related to wavelet coefficients that could describe the morphology of ventricular fibrillation well. Parameters for SVM classifier, C and ${\alpha}$, were chosen as 10 and 1 respectively by trial and error experiments. Each average performance for normal sinus rhythm ventricular tachycardia and VF, was 98.39%, 96.92% and 99.88%. And, when the VF detection performance of SVM classifier was compared to that of multi-layer perceptron and fuzzy inference methods, it showed similar or higher values. Consequently, we could find that the proposed input features and SVM classifier would one of the most useful algorithm for VF detection.

Classification of Acoustic Emission Signals for Fatigue Crack Opening and Closure by Artificial Neural Network Based on Principal Component Analysis (주성분 분석과 인공신경망을 이용한 피로균열 열림.닫힘 시 음향방출 신호분류)

  • Kim, Ki-Bok;Yoon, Dong-Jin;Jeong, Jung-Chae;Lee, Seung-Seok
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.532-538
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    • 2002
  • This study was performed to classify the fatigue crack opening and closure for three kinds of aluminum alloy using principal component analysis (PCA). Fatigue cycle loading test was conducted to acquire AE signals which come from different source mechanisms such as crack opening and closure, rubbing, fretting etc. To extract the significant feature from AE signal, correlation analysis was performed. Over 94% of the variance of AE parameters could accounted for the first two principal components. The results of the PCA on AE parameters showed that the first principal component was associated with the size of AE signals and the second principal component was associated with the shape of AE signals. An artificial neural network (ANN) an analysis was successfully used to classify AE signals into six classes. The ANN classifier based on PCA appeared to be a promising tool to classify AE signals for fatigue crack opening and closure.