• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.67
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• pp.157-194
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• 2021

The issue of AI's ethical consciousness has been constantly on the rise. AI learns and imitates everything behavior human beings do, just like a child. Therefore, the ethical consciousness we currently demand from AI is first the ethical consciousness required of humans, and at the center of it is the dignity of humans. Thus, this study analyzed human identity and its problems according to the development of AI technology, apologized the theological premises and characteristics of human dignity, and sought the direction of human dignity education as follows. First, this study discussed the development of AI and its relation to human beings. The development of AI's technology has led to the sharing of "reason or intelligence" with machines called AI which have been restricted to the exclusive property of mankind. This raised the question of the superior humanity which humans would be remained to be distinguished from AI machines. Second, this study discussed transhumanism and human identity. Transhumanism has been argued for the combination of AI machines and humans in order to improve inefficient human intelligence and human capabilities. However, the combination of AI machines with humans raised the issue of human identity. In the AI era, human identity is to believe thoughts that God had when he built us. Third, this study apologized theological premise and characteristic about human dignity. Human dignity has become a key concept of the constitution and international human rights treaties around the world. Nonetheless, declarative conviction that human is dignified is difficult to be understanded without Christian theological premise. Theological premise of human dignity lies on the fact that human is dignified feature being granted life by Heavenly Father. This feature lies on longing for "Goodness" and "eternality", pursuit of beauty, a happy being in relationship with others. Fourth, this study presented the direction of human dignity education. The direction of human dignity education has to awaken what is identity of human and how human beings were created and how much they are precious. Furthermore, it lead human to ponder consciously and accept the highest value of what human beings are, how they were created, and how precious they are. That is about educating human identity, and its core is that regardless of the circumstances - the wealth gap, knowledge level, skin color, gender, age, disability, etc. - all people are in God's image and for the glory of God, thereby being very important to God.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2001

In the spectrum of the young bipolar planetary nebula M2-9 obtained from the 1.5m telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, we detected the He II feature at 6545 $\AA$ that are proposed to be formed via Raman scattering by atomic hydrogen. However, in the same spectrum, the He II emission lines at 6527 $\AA$ and 6560 $\AA$ are absent, which implies that the He II emission region is hidden from our line of sight and that the H I scattering region is pretty much extended not to be obscured entirely. We performed photoionization computations to estimate the physical size of the He II emission line region to be $10^{16}cm$, from which the location and dimension of the obscuring circumstellar region are inferred and the temperature of the central star must exceed $10^5K$. The angular size of the circumstellar region responsible for the obscuration of the He II emission region is ~1" with the assumption of the distance 01 kpc to M2-9, which is consistent with the recent image of M2-9 obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.529-542
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• 2000

Recent years, the use of multimedia information is rapidly increasing, and the video media is the most rising one than any others, and this field Integrates all the media into a single data stream. Though the availability of digital video is raised largely, it is very difficult for users to make the effective video access, due to its length and unstructured video format. Thus, the minimal interaction of users and the explicit definition of video structure is a key requirement in the lately developing image and video management systems. This paper defines the terms and hierarchical video structure, and presents the system, which construct the clustering-based video hierarchy, which facilitate users by browsing the summary and do a random access to the video content. Instead of using a single feature and domain-specific thresholds, we use multiple features that have complementary relationship for each other and clustering-based methods that use normalization so as to interact with users minimally. The stage of shot boundary detection extracts multiple features, performs the adaptive filtering process for each features to enhance the performance by eliminating the false factors, and does k-means clustering with two classes. The shot list of a result after the proposed procedure is represented as the video hierarchy by the intelligent unsupervised clustering technique. We experimented the static and the dynamic movie videos that represent characteristics of various video types. In the result of shot boundary detection, we had almost more than 95% good performance, and had also rood result in the video hierarchy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.159-183
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• 2001

The praying sentences of the script of Saddharmapundarika-sutra NO.5 which was made by prayer Bang-Ui, prince Ik-An, was investigated and the cover painting, Byonsangwha(Buddha's preaching painting), and letter style written in the script were discussed in this study. The cover painting on the script is known to be followed to the style of the cover painting as shown in a set of 7 rolls of Saddharma pundarika-sutra of the Horim Museum collection. It is not so difficult to say that the characteristics of cover painting of the script would be suceeded to those of scripts of the end of Koryo and the early Choseon Dynasty. Lotus and its surround was decorated with arabesque figure whose stems were drawn with golden paste and the arabesque figures were done with silver paste. However, for the expression of lotus and arabesque pattern the special feature of drawing style that was originated from the end of Koryo Dynasty to draw the outline with broad line and/or the hardness of drawing line became much more deepened than ever. It is not different to think that this characteristics should be those of Choseon Dynasty. On the Byeonsangwha(buddha's preaching painting) the painting of scattered flowers on stairs of Sumera-Mandala and the scheduled clouds (underseen from heaven) were as similar as to the Byeonsangwha style of the end of Koryo and the early Choseon Dynasty. However, the image of Shakyamuni and/or the halo(光背) is nearly same as the characteristics shown on the Beonsangwha of Saddharma pundarika-sutra of Nesosa' collection, a set of seven rolls which was completed in the 15th year of king Taejong(AD 1415). It is apparent that these characteristics are those of Choseon Dynasty. After king Chungsean in Koryo Dynasty, letter style of Chao Meng-Fu was shown in the script of late Koryo Dynasty as a new letter style.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.503-529
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• 2013

The commemorative AR postage stamps which are the world first presented at The YEOSU EXPO 2012 has had meaning of communicating with future in this present from a convergence that the most analog medium is using now and that the AR is cutting edge of digital technology. The AR stamps printed 10 kind out of 33 commemorative stamps. These have great significance that is artistic value than that is world first. The applied AR images are not only expressed 3D real images but also artic represented and signifying each stamp images from visualized creativity process, and build 'new art space' that is new concept between on real(analog) and virtual(digital). This study analyzes meaning of images and then makes concept of AR contents design. The processing is designed and considered the meaning of architectures and environments, and the regional specific feature of the Yeosu with surrealistic graphic concept. The 10 of deducted images were expressed after AR coding such as visual arts. This study realized markerless 3D image tracking AR stamps and deducted research result are; the first, it was able to figure out how to realize AR in the process of registering the reference images, coordinating transformation, and hybriding AR on the stamps for the mobile devices. The second, it was able to be seeked a possibility of new virtual exhibition space. The third, it was able to know possibility of satisfaction of immersing with visual formativeness and usability with informativity.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.12
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• pp.889-898
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• 2013

Due to the popularization of high-performance capturing equipments and the emergence of powerful image-editing softwares, it is easy to make high-quality counterfeit money. However, the probability of detecting counterfeit money to the general public is extremely low and the detection device is expensive. In this paper, a counterfeit money detection algorithm using a general purpose scanner and computer system is proposed. First, the printing features of color printers are calculated using morphological operations and gray-level co-occurrence matrix. Then, these features are used to train a support vector machine classifier. This trained classifier is applied for identifying either original or counterfeit money. In the experiment, we measured the detection rate between the original and counterfeit money. Also, the printing source was identified. The proposed algorithm was compared with the algorithm using wiener filter to identify color printing source. The accuracy for identifying counterfeit money was 91.92%. The accuracy for identifying the printing source was over 94.5%. The results support that the proposed algorithm performs better than previous researches.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.39-47
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• 2010

A research of image-based articulated pose estimation has some problems such as detection of human feature, precise pose estimation, and real-time performance. In particular, various methods are currently presented for recovering many joints of human body. We propose the novel numerical inverse kinematics improved with the UKF(unscented Kalman filter) in order to estimate the human pose in real-time. An existing numerical inverse kinematics is required many iterations for solving the optimal estimation and has some problems such as the singularity of jacobian matrix and a local minima. To solve these problems, we combine the UKF as a tool for optimal state estimation with the numerical inverse kinematics. Combining the solution of the numerical inverse kinematics with the sampling based UKF provides the stability and rapid convergence to optimal estimate. In order to estimate the human pose, we extract the interesting human body using both background subtraction and skin color detection algorithm. We localize its 3D position with the camera geometry. Next, through we use the UKF based numerical inverse kinematics, we generate the intermediate joints that are not detect from the images. Proposed method complements the defect of numerical inverse kinematics such as a computational complexity and an accuracy of estimation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2015

This study had been aimed to conduct the camera calibration on VLBI antenna in the Space Geodetic Observation Center of Sejong City with a low-cost digital camera, which embedded in a mobile phone to determine the three-dimension position coordinates of the VLBI antenna, based on stereo images. The initial values for the camera calibration have been obtained by utilizing the Direct Linear Transformation algorithm and the commercial digital photogrammetry system, PhotoModeler $Scanner^{(R)}$ ver. 6.0, respectively. The accuracy of camera calibration results was compared with that the camera calibration results, acquired by a bundle adjustment with nonlinear collinearity condition equation. Although two methods showed significant differences in the initial value, the final calibration demonstrated the consistent results whichever methods had been performed for obtaining the initial value. Furthermore, those three-dimensional coordinates of feature points of the VLBI antenna were respectively calculated using the camera calibration by the two methods to be compared with the reference coordinates obtained from a total station. In fact, both methods have resulted out a same standard deviation of $X=0.004{\pm}0.010m$, $Y=0.001{\pm}0.015m$, $Z=0.009{\pm}0.017m$, that of showing a high degree of accuracy in centimeters. From the result, we can conclude that a mobile phone camera opens up the way for a variety of image processing studies, such as 3D reconstruction from images captured.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2010

The narration of "Donguibogam" is focused on humans whilst medical books before it focused on diseases. This is shown from the first subtitle of External Body(身形門) chapter, [The Origin of Hyung-Ki(形氣之始)]. The contents of [The Origin of Hyung-Ki] explains that the human body is composed of 'Hyung(形)' and 'Ki(氣)' This perspective is shown throughout "Donguibogam". First, in the aspect of construction, the viewpoint is shown from the JipRye(集例). It divides the body into inside and outside, which is a result of Hyung-Ki perspective. This continues in the table of contents. Naegyeongpyeon(內景) and Oehyeongpyeon(外形) describes the inside and outside of the body, in other words 'Hyung-Ki'. Japbyeongpyeon(雜病) describes complex illnesses with mixed insides and outsides. Tangaekpyeon(湯液) and Chimgupyeon(鍼灸) can be understood as division of treatment methods into inside and outside. When we look at the contents, the human body is created on the basis of the essence and vital energy of the world. Cheon-Ki becomes the 'Ki' that forms the functions of the body, while Ji-Ki becomes the 'Hyung' that constructs the bodily structure. It is considered that 'Hyung' is composed of SaDae(the body essence, vital energy, mentality and blood), and 'Ki' is composed of OSang(the five Jang organs and six Bu organs). 'Hyung' and 'Ki' show various appearances according to physiology and pathology. 'Hyung' is especially shown by obesity or thinness, 'Ki' by color. The obese may have Ki deficiency, coldness, dampness or phlegm. The thin could have blood deficiency, heat, fire or dryness. The color could show the pathology of the five Jang organs by the five colors, but it can simply be divided into black and white, where black means Eum deficiency, and white means Yang deficiency. It is said that the distinctive feature of traditional Korean medicine is that it is a constitutional medicine. In this perspective, further study on 'Hyung-Ki' is of value. If "Donguibogam" was the foundation of the Sasang Constitutional Medicine(四象醫學), study on 'Hyung-Ki' means searching for the origin of the Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Also, the study on Sasang Constitutional Medicine and Hyungsang medicine(形象醫學) will show the modern image of "Donguibogam". Hence, interchange study between "Donguibogam", Sasang Constitutional Medicine and Hyungsang medicine through the term 'Hyung-Ki' could hopefully lead to academic progression.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.798-809
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• 2014

Video stabilization is performed to remove unexpected shaky and irregular motion from a video. It is often used as preprocessing for robust feature tracking and matching in video. Typical video stabilization algorithms are developed to compensate motion from surveillance video or outdoor recordings that are captured by a hand-help camera. However, since the vehicle video contains rapid change of motion and local features, typical video stabilization algorithms are hard to be applied as it is. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to compensate shaky and irregular motion in vehicle video using linear regression model and vertical projection histogram matching. Towards this goal, we perform vertical projection histogram matching at each sub region of an input frame, and then we generate linear regression model to extract vertical translation and rotation parameters with estimated regional vertical movement vector. Multiple binarization with sub-region analysis for generating the linear regression model is effective to typical recording environments where occur rapid change of motion and local features. We demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach on blackbox videos and showed that employing the linear regression model achieved robust estimation of motion parameters and generated stabilized video in full automatic manner.