• Strategy21
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• s.39
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• pp.47-81
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• 2016

This paper has attempted to examine the political and operational contexts within which North Korea's latest acts of nuclear blackmail, its test-firing of an SLBM on April 23rd 2016 and its fourth nuclear test on January 6^th 2016, should be understood. Analysis of the KN-11 SLBM and the Sinpo-class SSB is based on official South Korean, US and others sources, especially the ROK MND, as well as other resources from South Korea, US and others. Unfortunately, the results of this exploration are inconclusive: there is simply not enough evidence available at present to either confirm or refute the existence of a functional North Korean SLBM and SSB. Nevertheless, the North Korean determination to possess such assets should not be taken lightly. But even accepting North Korea's claims about its SLBMs at face value, which is undermined by news of apparently unsuccessful follow-up test-firings in November, and probably December 2015, there is little proof that North Korea has yet succeeded in miniaturizing its nuclear warhead, so the most extravagant fears are not yet justified. Taken together with North Korea's latest announcement of a supposed successful SLBM ejection-test, on March 23^th 2016, the KN-11 SLBM claims should probably be seen as primarily about proving North Korea's status as a nuclear power, both to exert external political pressure and to bolster internal political support for Kim Jong-un's rule. In conclusion, this paper recommends formulating a preemptive anti-access strategy for the ROKN, proposes acquiring an ASW CV and SSNs to implement submarine strategic deterrent patrols, and urges extending the existing limited AORs to facilitate the preemptive anti-access strategy. Other deterrence options may be suggested, but it is surely significant that the ROKN has recently publically referred to the deployment of an ASW CV and SSNs for the first time.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.367-375
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to announce the present condition, walking training, and adaptable training of a limb amputated patient. The study is a successful report of the limb amputated patient through the medical treatment of the physical therapy. A cause of the limb amputated patient, a truck driver, was that the patient was hit by a train when the driver alight from the truck. Then, the driver was surgical operated on left AK (Above Knee) amputation and left AE (Above Elbow) amputation by orthopedics at the Young Dong Severance Hospital on Dec.7, 1996. Two weeks after the operation (Dec., 22, 1996), the patient was trained at the Yonsei Medical Center Physical Therapy Hospital for the walking and temper adjust training. It was possible to do a flat surface walking and a slope surface walking without helping due to the patients optimistic personal character and motivation. However, the patient struggled to a dull surface walking and his weak endurance. the patient has several problems when the patient wears artificial legs and hands, fears on fall down, and mentally worries on noise when he walks. It is necessary to approach for this problems by many fields of the helpers, such as Rehabilitation medical doctor, physical therapist, occupational therpist, artificial limbs makers, psychologists, and etc. Therefore, in order for recovering from the amputated parts function after the surgical operation, more approved reports have to be for the amputated patients due to increasing traffic accidents, industrial disaster, cancer, diabetes, obstacles of the peripheral nervous system, and etc.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

In this paper our main focus is to provide insight into the history of M&A's for this purpose we have analysed the different waves of M&A. We have analysed these waves in context of available literature and fact and figures. During the study we realised that almost all of the waves of M&A's ended because of financial crises, although impact and severity of that crises may differ. We analysed the impact of current crises on M&A in global context and in order to establish how companies have and in post crises era i.e. after crises of 2007 onwards how the companies have changed their corporate strategies to accommodate M&A's. We have also analysed which factors fuelled M&A's in past and were these factors present in post crises era M&A activities. By first quarter of 2011 the many firms saw new growth opportunities in M&A activities seemed to rebound as large companies used M&A's as part of their corporate strategy but this was cut short by events like US debt ceiling, down grade of USA's credit ratings along with fears about Eurozone's financial health and their impact on future prospects of M&A's would they continue to prosper or would they be weighed down by these events.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.179-187
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• 2015

Social unrest from retaliatory crimes is increasingly becoming problematic. Recently, there was an accident involving a suspect who went to a hospital and committed acts of retaliatory violence 11 times. This person's reasoning was that he was imprisoned due to the hospital's reporting to the police. He was consequently arrested in Boeun Choongbook on December 27th 2014. Accidents like this one take place frequently around our surroundings. There are regulations and systems in place. Nevertheless, similar cases that continue to take place makes us wonder if criminal judicial systems work well. Lukewarm responses to retaliatory crimes is not only threatening social security, but also placing fears in the minds of ordinary citizens. If retaliatory crimes take place, most citizens become apprehensive about criminal judicial activities of the police and mistrust for criminal judicial system. This at times discourages people from reporting incidents and could eventually increase crime rate and cause various social problems. Even though there are legal and systemic control measures, retaliatory crime is an increasing trend. This study is going to examine tendencies of internal retaliatory crimes and discuss legal-systemical responses.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2011

Between January 2010 and March 2011, there were three outbreaks of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in South Korea. Over 3.45 million animals (5,660 farms) were slaughtered, which was 33.3% of the existing pigs, 8.4% of dairy cows and 3.4% of cattle. FMD disaster costs were estimated at around three billion Korean won. Nine civil servants were killed, over 150 people were wounded and 4,788 landfills were confronted with a pollution problem. Vaccination and slaughter are the two basic alternatives for eradication of FMD. Altho ugh slaughter is more violent, risky and expensive than vaccination, the Korean government had chosen only slaughter eradication by the end of 2010. Even though over three million animals were killed, FMD spread out over most of the country. Finally, the government chose to begin vaccination. Following vaccination, outbreaks decreased dramatically. The purpose of this report is a cultural analysis of the related decision-making process, laws and systems. For the culture analysis, we utilize interviews, symposiums, laws, FMD manual, government reports and press releases. In conclusion, we found that the FMD massacre was influenced by cultural and organizational factors. The cultural factors were economism, cheapening of the value of life, biased perceptions and fears. The organizational factors were a closed process of decision-making, monopoly system, a small homogeneous group and group-think. Therefore, more studies will be needed for those factors of FMD disasters in national-scale cases.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.63-76
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• 2006

This study was designed to get basic data about AIDS educational program development of students of university, especially for students of the department of Emergecy Medical Technology. The objective of this study was to identify the level of AIDS related Knowledge and Attitude of freshmen of university. The subject for this study consisted of 2022 male and female students who entered in 2005to Gongju National university in Chungnam province. Data was colledted by self-reporting questionaire consist of 66 items on 20th, February, 2005. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) The mean overall knowledge score was estimated to be 70.22%. 2) The knowledge score about definition of AIDS was high(93.2%). but knowledge score about progression and incubation period was low(48%). 3) AIDS related knowledge about diagnosis with blood was was high(91.2%), but those about period of antibody formation was relatively low(66.2%). 4) The score about latent appearance of AIDS-related symptoms was hlgh(93.7%), but those of apprehension of individual symptom was very low(57.5%). 5) Percentage of correctly answered respondent about transmission with needle and transfusion was very high(>94%), but the score of transmission through the anal and oral sex was relatively low(75-79%). 6) The knowledge score about prevention with condom was high(89.5%), but misconception of disinfection and vaccination was also high. 7) Acknowledgement about utility of consultation, information, treatment was very low (10-17%). In the end, the study concludes that it is necessary to develop comprehensive AIDS education programs to improve knowledge about the disease as well as to allay the fears and anxiety of the contact.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-85
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• 2014

This study aims to highlight the social aspects of genetic discrimination as another shadow that biotechnology can influence on social life. To do so, the definition of "genetic discrimination" and three perspectives (exceptionalism, expressivism, and human right discourse) were reviewed. In addition, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) of the United States and the Bioethics and Safety Act of Korea were analyzed. Several social implications for establishing the research and policies of genetic discrimination based on the existing research results of perceived genetic discrimination (the experiences, fears, and coping strategies of genetic discrimination) were suggested. These included public consensus on the definition of genetic discrimination and emphasis on a human rights approach against genetic discrimination; concerns regarding genetic discrimination in both the personal and public domains; raising the consciousness of both health care providers and the public regarding genetic discrimination; and developing psycho-social coping strategies for decreasing the fear of discrimination of asymptomatic people (hereditary carriers).

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.2 no.2 s.3
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• pp.107-113
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• 2002

Hyperventilation is defined as ventilation in excess of that required to maintain normal blood $PaO_2$ and $PaCO_2$. It is produced by several distinct causes: anxiety, respiratory alkalosis, increased blood catecholamine levels, and a decrease in the level of the ionized calcium in the blood. The dental fears about acute pain, needle, drill and dental surgery lead to the severe anxiety and increased blood catecholamine level. Therefore, the most dental patient should be cared gently as the stress reduction protocol. In spite of the gentle care, two cases of hyperventilation were occurred during local anesthesia for incision and drainage of acute odontogenic infectious lesions. We suggest that the dental patients with acute odontogenic infection must be attention for the manifestation of hyperventilation, especially in the medically compromised conditions.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.201-220
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• 1998

Given the gloval impact of the AIDS pandemic. it is necessary to take every measure to prevent an epidemic this disease in Korea. Health care givers. especially nurses, have the primary responsibility of AIDS prevention and providing comfort care of those patient with HIV/AIDS. In spite of this responsibility, many nurses are afraid of AIDS patients and refuse to care the patient with HIV/AIDS because they have a little information of AIDS and a fear of HIV infection from AIDS patient at worksite. The purpose of this descriptive study was (1) to examine nursing students' knowledge and attitude to AIDS patient. (2) to identify demographic variables influencing knowledge and attitude to AIDS patient. and (3) to examine correlation between knowledge and attitude. The subject of this study was 162 nursing students. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. 1) The mean overall knowledge score was estimated to be 61.33 of 101. especially the mean score of transmission route according to sexual behavior was estimated to be 3.03 of 7. 2) The mean attitude score was estimated to be 32.37 of 45. 3) The total knowledge score of AIDS was influenced by these two factors; the experience of AIDS education class and religion. In the end, the study concludes that it is necessary to develop comprehensive AIDS education programs to improve knowledge about the disease as well as to allay the fears and anxiety of the nurses.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.145-164
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• 2009

Environmental problems, such as the depletion of natural resources, global warming, and the destruction of ecological systems, are among the most serious problems facing the planet. Since the early 1990's, many OECD countries have undertaken green tax reforms by introducing new environmental taxes to protect the environment. Environmental taxes have been used as an instrument of environmental policy more than direct regulation because economic instruments have a comparative advantage over direct regulation in terms of cost effectiveness and pollution abatement incentives. However, one important reason why green tax reforms have not progressed is due to fears regarding the negative effect of environmental taxes on international competitiveness in the industry and trade sectors. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of environmental taxes on industry and trade by using a theoretical model to compare the effects of environmental taxes on pollution-intensive and energy-saving industries.