• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.71-76
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• 2008

The mechanical properties of Ni-Fe alloy were varied with the current type, current density and bath conditions such as concentrations and temperature. The effect of electroplating parameters on the surface hardness, mechanical strength, residual stress and wear properties were investigated. The mechanical properties of electrodeposits with PC plating is superior to those with DC plating. Ni-Fe electrodeposits with PC has approximately 50% lower residual stress than that of DC plating. The tensile strength of PC electroplated specimen was 15% higher than that of DC electroplated specimen. The wear resistance of PC specimen was 30% improved relative to that of DC specimen.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.184-187
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• 2013

The influence of insertion of an ultra-thin Cu-Phthalocyanine (CuPc) between MgO barrier and ferromagnetic layer in magnetic tunnel juctions (MTJs) was investigated. In order to understand the relation between the electronic and structural properties of Fe${\backslash}$MgO${\backslash}$CuPc, the surface (or interface) analysis was carried out systematically by using spin polarized metastable He de-excited spectroscopy for the CuPc films grown on the Si(001)${\backslash}$5 nm MgO(001)${\backslash}$7 nm Fe(001)${\backslash}$1.6 nm MgO(001) multilayer structure as the thickness of CuPc increases from 0 to 5 nm. In particular, for the 1.6 nm CuPc surface, a rather strong spin asymmetry between up- and down-spin band appears while it becomes weaker or disappears for the CuPc films thinner or thicker than ~1.6 nm. Our results emphasize the importance of the interfacial electronic properties of organic layers in the spin transport of the hybrid MTJs.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2015

In this study, continuous microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were operated using non-precious metal catalysts such as iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) and cobalt tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin (CoTMPP)) as alternative cathode catalysts for platinum. To evaluate MFCs performance, operational conditions of organic loading rate (OLR) (0.5~3 g COD/L/d) and hydraulic retention rate (HRT) (0.25~1 day) were changed. Power density of MFCs were determined by cathode electrode performance. The maximum power density was $3.3W/m^3$ with platinum at OLR 3 g COD/L/d. Given each HRTs at 1 g COD/L/d, FePc showed to be a better alternative for platinum than CoTMPP because the power density of MFC with FePc was similar to that of MFC with platinum. CoTMPP catalyst, however, showed the lowest power density due to increase of internal resistance during continuous operation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.701-704
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• 1999

Metallophthalocyanines [PcM, Pc: phthalocyanine, M: Fe 2+ , Co 2+ ] were reacted with α-isocyanonaphthalene( α-in) and α-isocyanoanthracene (α-ia) to form monomeric complexes. The synthesis and coordination behaviour of the isocyanides as a ligand (L) are discussed. All the products were characterized by spectroscopic methods and instrumental analysis. The electrical conductivities of these complexes, which were not treated with dopant, were attributed to the metal-ligand electron delocalization in the PcML2 complexes. The complexes have an enlarged macrocycle where the π-electron back donating ability of PcM is stronger than the σ-electron coordinating ability of the isonitrile ligands. Their electrical conductivities were measured as σRT = 2.1×10 -9 ~3×10 -10 S/cm. Also thermal stability was investigated in this study.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.51-55
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• 2007

Nickel iron (Ni-Fe) alloy coating was investigated. The effects of the current density, current type, pulse duration and bath compositions on the morphologies and surface hardness of nickeliron deposits as well as the chemical compositions were investigated. The morphologies, surface hardness and chemical compositions of nickel-iron deposits were varied with current density, current type and bath compositions. The surface hardness was increased up to $550{\sim}600Hv$ when PC plating was employed. Crackless coating was obtained when saccharin was added. The change of composition with thickness was analyzed with EDS and FESEM.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2020

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a serious limitation for agricultural production. In this study, we explored tolerance mechanism associated with Cd toxicity tolerance in alfalfa plants. We used three distinct alfalfa cultivars M. sativa cv. Vernal, M. sativa cv. Zhung Mu, and M. sativa cv. Xing Jiang Daye in this study. Cd showed declined chlorophyll score in Xing Jiang Daye compared with Zhung Mu and Vernal. No significant change observed among the cultivars for root and shoot length. Atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis demonstrated a significant accumulation of Cd, Fe, S and PC in distinct alfalfa cultivars. However, Zhung Mu and Xing Jiang Daye declined Cd accumulation in root, where Fe, S and PC incremented only in Zhung Mu. It suggests that excess Cd in Zhung Mu possibly inhibited in root by the increased accumulation of Fe, S and PC. This was further confirmed by the response of Fe (MsIRT1) and S transporters (MsSULTR1;2 and MsSULTR1;3), and MsPCS1 genes associated with Fe, S and PC availability and translocation in roots and shoots. It suggests that specially the transcript signal inducing the responses to adjust Cd especially in Zhung Mu. This finding provides the essential background for further molecular breeding program for forage crops.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 1996

Two grades of Permalloy strips, Fe-45Ni(PB) and Fe-78Ni-4Mo-5Cu(PC) were fabricated by powder rolling process from elemental powder mixtures. The roll compacted green strips were sintered, homogenized, cold rolled with or without an intermediate annealing and finally heat treated to measure magnetic properties. For a given thickness reduction, rolling with an intermediate annealing was found more effective to achieve a full densification with no visible micropores and also to obtain better magnetic properties. Increasing the final rolling reduction also produced a marked improvement of the magnetic properties whereas the cooling rate during the final heat treatment has little effect in both grades. Addition of a small amount, 0.4% Mn slightly degraded the properties. As an overall, The PM strips produced via powder rolling yielded the similar soft magnetic properties to the corresponding commercial grades produced via wrought processing.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.261-264
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• 2012

Interfacial properties of 5 nm MgO(001)/7 nm Fe(001)/1.8 nm MgO(001)/t nm Cu-phthalocyanine (CuPc) hybrid multilayers with t = 0, 1, 7, and 10 were investigated by using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). Rather sharp interfacial properties were observed in the CuPc films grown on an epitaxial MgO/Fe/MgO(001) trilayer than a MgO/Fe(001) bilayer. This work suggests a new way to improve device performance of organic spintronic devices by utilizing an artificially grown MgO(001) thin layer.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.3011-3015
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• 2009

Structural and thermo-analytical studies were carried out to understand the phase formation kinetics of the single phase $Bi_5Ti_3FeO_{15}$ (BTFO) nanocrystals in $Bi_2O_3-Fe_2O_3-TiO_2$, during the polymerized complex (PC) synthesis method. The crystallization of Aurivillius phase $Bi_5Ti_3FeO_{15}$ layered perovskite was found to be initiated and achieved under the temperature conditions in the range of ${\sim}$800 to 1050$^{\circ}C$. The activation energy for grain growth of $Bi_5Ti_3FeO_{15}$ nanocrystals (NCs) was very low in case of NCs formed by PC (2.61 kJ/mol) than that formed by the solid state reaction (SSR) method (10.9 kJ/mol). The energy involved in the phase transformation of Aurivillius phase $Bi_5Ti_3FeO_{15}$ from $Bi_2O_3-Fe_2O_3-TiO_2$ system was ${\sim}$ 69.8 kJ/mol. The formation kinetics study of $Bi_5Ti_3FeO_{15}$ synthesized by SSR and PC methods would not only render a large impact in the nanocrystalline material development but also in achieving highly efficient visible photocatalysts.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.479-483
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• 2005

Antioxidative and protective effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica against oxidative damages induced by glutamate in PC 12 cells were investigated. Inhibitory activity against $FeSO_{4}-H_{2}O_{2}$-induced oxidative stress and DPPH radical-scavenging activity were detected in ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of ethanol extracts from stems and roots. Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of ethanol extracts from roots significantly inhibited glutamate-induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species in PC 12 cells. These results demonstrate ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of ethanol extracts of U. davidiana var. japonica have potent protective effect against glutamate-induced oxidative stress.