• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Curcuma zedoaria R. (Zingiberaceae) has been used to treat headache, fever, and hypertension-related symptoms in Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Japan. We investigated whether dietary intake of a C. zedoaria extract (CzE) affected atherosclerosis in vivo. MATERIALS/METHODS: Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE^-/-) mice (n = 32) were fed a normal diet (ND), a high-cholesterol diet (HCD), an HCD containing CzE (100 mg/kg/day), or an HCD containing simvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. The anti-atherosclerotic effects were evaluated by observing changes in fatty streak lesions, immunohistochemical analysis, ex vivo fluorescence imaging, lipid profiles, and western blot analysis. RESULTS: The CzE-fed group showed a 41.6% reduction of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, CzE significantly reduced the levels of serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, the chemokine (C-X3-C-motif ) ligand 1, the adhesion molecules vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin; down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, high mobility group box-1, and cathepsin levels in the aortic sinuses and aortas of ApoE^-/- mice were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the inclusion of a water extract of C. zedoaria in a HCD is closely correlated with reducing the risk of vascular inflammatory diseases in an ApoE mouse model.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2019

Objectives : Obesity is a public health concern associated with chronic diseases including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, fatty liver, atherosclerosis and cancer. As several anti-obesity drugs have been limited owing to their side effects, the development of new anti-obesity drugs through herbal medicines has been increasing. Cynanchum Wilfordii Radix (CW) traditionally is consumed for various health benefits including immune enhancing, anti-inflammation and anti-tumor activities. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of CW on High fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Methods : The mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=7). The mice were respectively fed a normal diet (ND), a high-fat diet (HFD), HFD plus CW (50 mg/kg/day), HFD plus CW (100 mg/kg/day). All groups were assayed for body weights, food efficiency ratio, blood biochemistry parameters, and organic tissue weights. Results : HFD-fed mice showed an increase in the body weight and serum biochemistry parameters levels (total cholesterol and triglycerides) as well as organic tissue weights. However, the administration of CW to obese mice induced a reduction in their body weight, food efficiency ratio, blood biochemistry parameters and weight of liver and fat compared with the HFD fed mice. Additionally, we observed that CW inhibited the lipid accumulation in liver and serum lipid parameter induced by HFD. Conclusions : Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that CW may be a potential agent for use in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Hyperglycemia is a major cause of diabetes and diabetesrelated diseases. Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a short-chain fatty acid derivative that produces dietary fiber by anaerobic bacterial fermentation in the large intestine and occurs in foods, such as Parmesan cheese and butter. Butyrate has been shown to prevent obesity, improve insulin sensitivity, and ameliorate dyslipidemia in diet-induced obese mice. Therefore, this study examined the effects and mechanism of NaB on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines induced by high glucose (HG) in THP-1 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS: THP-1 cells were used as an in vitro model for HG-induced inflammation. The cells were cultured under normal glycemic or hyperglycemic conditions with or without NaB (0-25 μM). Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the protein and mRNA levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, acetylated p65, acetyl CREB-binding protein/p300 (CBP/p300), and p300 using THP-1 cells. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT), histone deacetylase (HDAC), and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion activity were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: HG significantly upregulated histone acetylation, acetylation levels of p300, NF-κB activation, and inflammatory cytokine release in THP-1 cells. Conversely, the NaB treatment reduced cytokine release and NF-κB activation in HG-treated cells. It also significantly reduced p65 acetylation, CBP/p300 HAT activity, and CBP/p300 gene expression. In addition, NaB decreased the interaction of p300 in acetylated NF-κB and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that NaB suppresses HG-induced inflammatory cytokine production through HAT/HDAC regulation in monocytes. NaB has the potential for preventing and treating diabetes and its related complications.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2022

High levels of proinflammatory cytokines have been observed in obese pregnancies. Obesity during pregnancy may increase the risk of various pregnancyrelated complications, with pathogenesis resulting from excessive inflammation. Palmitic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid that circulates in high levels in obese women. In our previous study, we found that PA inhibited the proliferation of trophoblasts developing into the placenta, induced apoptosis, and regulated the number of cleaved halves derived from transfer RNAs (tRNAs). However, it is not known how the expression of tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs) changes in response to PA treatment at concentrations that induce inflammation in human trophoblasts. We selected concentrations that did not affect cell viability after dose-dependent treatment of HTR8/SVneo cells, a human trophoblast cell line. PA (200 μM) did not affect the expression of apoptotic proteins in HTR8/SVneo cells. PA significantly increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In addition, 200 μM PA significantly increased the expression of tiRNAs compared to 800 μM PA treatment. These results suggest that PA impairs placental development during early pregnancy by inducing an inflammatory response in human trophoblasts. In addition, this study provides a basis for further research on the association between PA-induced inflammation and tiRNA generation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1028-1036
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• 2021

반딧불이 루시퍼레이즈(FLuc)는 유전자나 바이러스 치료제에 있어서 효과적인 표적으로 이용될 수 있다. 하지만, 외래 물질이라는 것과 acyl-CoA와의 유사성으로 인하여 FLuc의 임상적 적용은 아직까지 이뤄지지 않았다. 본 연구에서, 우리는 FLuc의 안전성을 보여주기 위한 목적으로 일련의 전임상 실험과 인체실험을 수행했다. 우선, FLuc의 세포막 투과성을 점검하기 위해 FLuc 유전자를 담지한 OTS-412와 FLuc 재조합 단백질을 이용했다. OTS-412를 다양한 세포에 감염시켰을 때, FLuc의 활성은 세포 용해물에서만 관찰됐고, 세포를 배양한 배지에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 재조합 단백질 역시 세포막을 투과하지 못했다. 동물실험에서도 이와 유사한 결과가 관찰됐다. VX-2 종양세포에 처리된 토끼에 OTS-412를 처리했을 때, FLuc의 활성은 오직 종양조직에서만 발견됐고, 다른 장기나 혈액에서는 관찰되지 않았다. FLuc의 인체 반응성을 조사하기 위해 각기 다른 장기에서 유래된 세포 용해물을 FLuc에 반응시켰으나 아무런 활성이 관찰되지 않았다. 마지막으로, FLuc 재조합 단백질을 인체에 정맥주사 방식으로 투여했다. FLuc는 혈액에서 20에서 30분의 반감기를 가지고 분해됐으며, 주사한지 1시간 30분 후에는 검출되지 않았다. 또한, 혈장 샘플이 지방산과 반응을 보이지 않았다. FLuc의 접종 전과 후의 결과를 비교했을 때에도 임상적으로 유의미한 변화가 없었다. 따라서, 본 연구는 FLuc의 안전성에 대한 우려를 종합적으로 불식시킨다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.278-287
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• 2009

전국 6개 도시의 종합검진센터에서 검진 서비스를 받은 건강한 성인 총 수진자 29,531명(서울 11,976명, 인천 3,749명, 대전 3,759명, 광주 3,155명, 대구 3,470명 부산 3,422명)을 대상으로 간질환 유병률을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 간질환 유병률은 43.1％로 나타났고, 성별로는 남성에서 23.3％, 여성에서 19.8％로 남성에게서 유의하게 높게 나타났으며(p<0.001), 지역별 간질환 유병률은 대전이 49.6％로 가장 높았고, 서울 48.2％, 부산 42.9％, 인천, 대구 각각 36.2％, 광주 32.1％ 순으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(P<0.001). 간질환 유병률 순위는 지방간 69.7％으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 간내낭종 13.2％, 간내석회화 9.6％, 간내혈관종 4.5％, 간내종양 1.4％, 미만성간질환 1.0％, 간경화 0.5％ 순으로 나타났다. 연령별 유병률은 전 간질환이 40대에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 30대에서 50대에 높은 유병률로 유의성이 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 간질환의 지역별 유병률은 부산은 지방간, 대전은 간내낭종, 간내혈관종, 간내석회화, 간내종양, 서울은 미만성간질환이 타 지역에 비하여 높았으며 이는 통계적으로 유의성이 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 간질환 유병률에 영향을 미치는 관련요인의 다중회귀분석 결과는 연령이 증가할수록 발병 가능성이 높게 나타났고, 연령 및 성별의 유병률에서 유의성이 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05).

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2007년도 추계 학술대회
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• pp.57-58
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• 2007

Purpose: Ginseng is a well-known medical plant used in traditional Oriental medicine. Korean red ginseng (KRG) has been known to have potent biological activities such as radical scavenging, vasodilating, anti-tumor and anti-diabetic activities. However, the mechanism of the beneficial effects of KRG on diabetes is yet to be elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-diabetic effect and mechanism of KRG extract in C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. Methods: The db/db mice were randomly divided into six groups: diabetic control group (DC), red ginseng extract low dose group (RGL, 100 mg/kg), red ginseng extract high dose group (RGH, 200 mg/kg), metformin group (MET, 300 mg/kg), glipizide group (GPZ, 15 mg/kg) and pioglitazone group (PIO, 30 mg/kg), and treated with drugs once per day for 10 weeks. During the experiment, body weight and blood glucose levels were measured once every week. At the end of treatment, we measured Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride (TG), adiponectin, leptin, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA). Morphological analyses of liver, pancreas and white adipose tissue were done by histological observation through hematoxylin-eosin staining. Pancreatic islet insulin and glucagon levels were detected by double-immunofluorescence staining. To elucidate an action of mechanism of KRG, DNA microarray analyses were performed, and western blot and RT-PCR were conducted for validation. Results: Compared to the DC group mice, body weight gain of PIO treated group mice showed 15.2% increase, but the other group mice did not showed significant differences. Compared to the DC group, fasting blood glucose levels were decreased by 19.8% in RGL, 18.3% in RGH, 67.7% in MET, 52.3% in GPZ, 56.9% in PIO-treated group. With decreased plasma glucose levels, the insulin resistance index of the RGL-treated group was reduced by 27.7% compared to the DC group. Insulin resistance values for positive drugs were all markedly decreased by 80.8%, 41.1% and 68.9%, compared to that of DC group. HbA1c levels in RGL, RGH, MET, GPZ and PIO-treated groups were also decreased by 11.0%, 6.4%, 18.9%, 16.1% and 27.9% compared to that of DC group, and these figure revealed a similar trend shown in plasma glucose levels. Plasma TG and NEFA levels were decreased by 18.8% and 16.8%, respectively, and plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were increased by 20.6% and 12.1%, respectively, in the RGL-treated group compared to those in DC group. Histological analysis of the liver of mice treated with KRG revealed a significantly decreased number of lipid droplets compared to the DC group. The control mice exhibited definitive loss and degeneration of islet, whereas mice treated with KRG preserved islet architecture. Compared to the DC group mice, KRG resulted in significant reduction of adipocytes. From the pancreatic islet double-immunofluorescence staining, we observed KRG has increased insulin production, but decreased glucagon production. KRG treatment resulted in stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in the db/db mice liver. To elucidate mechanism of action of KRG extract, microarray analysis was conducted in the liver tissue of mice treated with KRG extract, and results suggest that red ginseng affects on hepatic expression of genes responsible for glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation. In summary, multiple administration of KRG showed the hypoglycemic activity and improved glucose tolerance. In addition, KRG increased glucose utilization and improved insulin sensitivity through inhibition of lipogenesis and activation of fatty acid $\beta$-oxidation in the liver tissue. In view of our present data, we may suggest that KRG could provide a solid basis for the development of new anti-diabetic drug.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1035-1043
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• 2014

To investigate the effect of dietary Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide (ASPS) on growth performance, immunity, blood parameters and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in immunologically challenged piglets, an experiment employing $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement concerning dietary ASPS treatment (0 or 800 mg/kg) and immunological challenge (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] or saline injection) was conducted with 64 crossbred piglets (weaned at 28 d of age, average initial body weight of $7.25{\pm}0.21kg$) assigned to two dietary ASPS treatments with 8 replicates of 4 pigs each. Half of the piglets of per dietary treatment were injected with LPS or saline on d 14. Blood samples were obtained at 3 h after immunological injection on d 14 and piglets were slaughtered to obtain spleen samples on d 21. Dietary ASPS did not affect average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.634), average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.655), and gain:feed (p = 0.814) prior to LPS challenge. After LPS challenge, for LPS-challenged pigs those fed ASPS had higher ADG and ADFI than the non-supplemented group (p<0.05), and an interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was observed on the two indices (p<0.05). Dietary ASPS improved lymphocyte proliferation among saline-injected and LPS-injected pigs (p<0.05). Interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was also revealed on lymphocyte proliferation (p<0.05). Circulatory concentration of IgG was influenced neither by ASPS (p = 0.803) or LPS (p = 0.692), nor their interaction (p = 0.289). Plasma concentration and spleen mRNA expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ were induced to increase (p<0.05) by LPS challenge, in contrast, these indices were decreased by dietary ASPS (p<0.05), and interactions were found on these cytokines (p<0.05). For LPS-challenged pigs, dietary ASPS also reduced the circulating concentration and spleen mRNA expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 as well as TNF-${\alpha}$ (p<0.05). The interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was also observed on the circulating concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I, ${\alpha}$-acid glycoprotein (${\alpha}$-AGP), nonesterified fatty acid, and glucose (p<0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that dietary ASPS can modulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines during immunological challenge, which might enable piglets to achieve better growth performance.

• 식물병연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2006

2003년 대전광역시 유성구에서 벤자민고무나무의 줄기에 뿌리혹병이 발생하였다. 혹은 15cm정도의 크기로 표면이 거칠고 갈변된 타원형이었다. 혹 조직으로부터 Agrobacterium과 유사한 세균을 분리하였으며 벤자민고무나무의 유묘에 접종하여 혹을 형성한 5개 균주 중에서 2가지 계통에 대하여 분류학적 특성을 조사하였다. 0.5% $CaCO_3$가 첨가된 PDA 배지에서 생장된 병원성 세균들은 둥글고 볼록하면서 광택이 나는 크림색 계통이었다. 모든 균주는 다수의 편모를 가진 간상의 세균으로 그람음성이었으며 호기적으로 생장하면서 D1M agar에서도 생장하였다. 병원성 세균들은 대조균주와 상이한 특성을 가지고 있었으나 주요 생리 생화학적특성, 탄소원 이용양상, 지방산조성 분석 결과에 근거하여 A. larrymoorei와 A. tumefacien로 동정되었다. A. larrymoorei와 A. tumefaciens는 포도를 제외한 타 기주식물에서도 병원성이 있었다. 국내에서 A. larrymoorei와 A. tumefaciens에 의한 벤자민고무나무의 뿌리혹병은 본 연구에서 처음 보고된다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2006

2001년 경기도 화성시와 2004년 경상북도 구미시에서 국화의 줄기와 뿌리에 뿌리혹병이 발생하였다. 혹의 모양과 색은 상이하였으나 표면이 거칠고 갈변된 타원형이었다. 혹 조직으로부터 분리한 20개 균주 중 국화의 유묘에 접종하여 혹을 형성한 9개 균주에 대하여 분류학적 특성을 조사하였다. 0.5% $CaCO_3$가 첨가된 PDA배지에서 생장된 콜로니들은 둥글고 볼록하면서 광택이 나는 크림색이었다. 모든 균주는 다수의 편모를 가진 간상의 세균으로 그람음성이면서 호기적으로 생장하였으며 D1M agar 에서도 생장하였다. 병원성 세균들은 대조균주와 상이한 특성을 가지고 있었으나 주요 생리 생화학적특성, 탄소원 이용양상, 지방산조성 비교 결과에 근거하여 8개 균주는 Agrobacterium tumefaciens로 1개 균주는 A. rubi로 동정되었다. A. tumefaciens 계통들은 A. rubi 계통보다 병원성이 강하였으며 기주범위가 넓었다. 국내에서 A. tumefaciens와 A. rubi에 의한 국화의 뿌리혹병은 본 연구에서 처음 보고되는 것이며 자연상태에서 A. rubi에 의해 국화의 뿌리혹병이 발생된 사례는 전 세계적으로 처음이다.