• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 2020

Objectives : This study investigated the liver-protective effects of MJY2018, a Herbal formula, against alcoholic fatty liver disease and anti-oxidative effects. Methods : Its effects were investigated in an alcoholic fatty liver disease model in male C57BL/6 mice, which were fed Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing ethanol. MJY2018 (100 and 200 mg/kg bw/day) or silymarin (50 mg/kg bw/day) were orally administered daily in the alcoholic fatty liver disease mice for 16 days. Results : The results indicate that MJY2018 promotes hepatoprotection by significantly reducing aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels as indicators of liver damage in the serum. Furthermore, MJY2018 reduced accumulation of triglyceride and total cholesterol, increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the livers of the alcoholic fatty liver disease mice model. Additionally, it improved the serum alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Conclusions : These results indicate that MJY2018 were effective in improving and protecting oxidative stress and alcoholic liver disease.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 1999

Clenbuterol, a selective ${\beta}_2-adrenergic$ receptor stimulant, has been introduced as a potent bronchodilator for patients with bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. For the purpose of developing a transdermal preparation for clenbuterol, we attempted to select an optimal solvent system and permeation enhancer among fatty acids and fatty alcohols which are known to accelerate the penetration of various drugs in permeation experiments using hairless mouse skin and Franz diffusion cell. Apparent partition coefficient of clenbuterol was increased as pH of buffer solution was increased and solubility of clenbuterol was increased as the percent of propylene glycol(PG) in buffer solution(pH 10) was increased. Permeability of clenbuterol from different buffer(pH 10)/PG solvent mixtures was decreased as the percent of PG in pH 10 buffer solution was increased and among the various enhancers studied, lauryl alcohol was found to be the most effective enhancer, increasing the permeability of clenbuterol approximately 76-fold compared with control. Lauryl alcohol$(0{\sim}2%)$ enhanced the permeability of clenbuterol concentration-dependently. In this study, the optimal solvent system for the penetration of clenbuterol was found to be 50/50 buffer(pH 10)/PG solvent mixture containing 2% lauryl alcohol.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 1984

The three kinds of Kochujang were prepared with liquid koji equivalent to 30, 50 and 70% of brewing water and the composition of fatty acid and alcohols in the Kochujang aged at $25^{\circ}C$ for 3 months were compared with solid koji Kochujang. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid were found in all Kochujangs; but myristic, stearic and linolenic acid were detected in only the 50 and 70% liquid koji group. The predominant fatty acid of all Kochujang was linoleic acid, followed by oleic and palmitic acid. The total percentage of linoleic acid in the Kochujang was 58.47-83.39%. Linolenic, myristic and stearic acid were less than 3%. Ethyl, iso-butyl and iso-amyl alcohol were detected from all kinds of Kochujang. Iso-propyl alcohol was found in the Kochujang prepared from solid koji and 30% liquid koji. The contents of iso-butyl and iso-amyl alcohol were high in solid koji Kochujang and 50% liquid koji Kochujang. There were no significant difference in the contents of ethyl alcohol among tested Kochujangs.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.365-376
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• 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver is a type of fatty liver in which fat accumulates in the liver without alcohol. In the accumulation, Nrf1 and miR-378 genes play very important role, so called negative feedback loop, in which the two genes suppress the other's production. In other words, Nrf1 activates fatty acid oxidation which promotes fat consumption in the liver, while miR-378 deactivates fatty acid oxidation. Thus, both genes regulate nonalcoholic fatty liver. In this paper, the negative feedback loop of Nrf1 and miR-378 are expressed by a system of ordinary differential equations. And, bifurcation simulation shows the change in the amount of each gene with significant parameter range changes. Bifurcation simulation has also used to determine the thresholds for transit between disease and steady state.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 1991

This study deals with investigation of the ethanol tolerance of yeast strains with respect to fatty acid composition and intracelluar ethanol concentration during alcohol fermentation. The cell viabilities and fermentation abilities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis were improved by aeration and addition of unsaturated fatty acids into growth medium. Aeration decreases the accumulation of ethanol, while increases unsaturated fatty acid contents inside yeast cells. Thus it was found that oxygen and unsaturated fatty acids play decisive roles in the increase of ethanol tolerance of yeasts.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.166-174
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• 1999

To study the relation between serum fatty acids and coronary artery disease(CAD), 194 subjects were randomly selected and divided into three groups(control, single vessel disease group(SVD), muliple vessel disease group(MVD)) according to the angiographic results. Total serum levels of fatty acids and serum phospholipid(PL)-fatty acids(FAs)were analysed using gas chromatography and their associations with CAD were examined. Different patterns of total serum fatty acid levels were found in men and women. Levels of most fatty acids of SVD and MVD were significantly lower in men, while those of MVD were significantly higher in women. In terms of PL-FAs in both men and women, the levels of PL-FAs follow the order of control < SVD < MVD and in women, the difference was significant. Various ratio(including ratios denoting the activites of desaturase and elongase) of total serum-and PL-FAs were similar in the three groups. In the relation of serum fatty acids to serum lipid profiles, PUFA & LDL showed a negative correlation, while, SFA & LDL-cholesterol and PUFA and HDL-cholesterol showed positive correlatons. correlations. Systolic blood pressure and alcohol intake levels negatively affected the levels of serum LA, AA, EPA and DHA in the risk factor analysis. These findings are consistent with other evidence indicating that fatty acid compositions are changed in CAD, especially on the concentration base and the change was related to the severity of the disease. Therefore, for the purpose of disease prevention and therapeutic use, balanced intakes of various fatty acids must be seriously considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.828-834
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• 2006

We investigated whether two-kinds of mixture (NHDT-1 and NHDT-2) mainly composed of Hovenia dulcis Thunb had beneficial actions for alcohol and acetaldehyde degradation in acute alcohol treatment and liver protection from fatty liver induced by chronic alcohol administration. In acute alcohol degradation experiment, serum alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations exhibited lower 1, 3 and 5 hours after taking 3 g ethanol per kg body weight in NHDT-1 treated rats, but not NHDT-2 including ginseng. On the contrast to the acute effect on alcohol degradation, the long-term alcohol administration revealed that NHDT-2, not NHDT-1, protected the increase in serum concentration of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotrasferase and ${\gamma}-triglyceride$ metabolism similar to the rats not consuming alcohol, leading to decreased triglyceride accumulation in blood and liver. In liver morphological study, NHDT-1 preserved the regular hepatocyte morphology, decreased fat accumulation and reduced sinusoidal leukocyte infiltration in hepatocytes. In conclusion, NHDT-1 plays an important role in alcohol and acetaldehyde degradation without protecting liver damage while NHDT-2 works as hepatocyte protector from alcohol mediated damage.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2009

We have produced, characterized and compared different colloidal vehicles based on nanoemulsions. We also have investigated morphology and droplet distribution by means of electron microscope and photon correlation spectroscopy. Nanoemulsion systems characterized by different method on formulations have been obtained. Hydration power has been studied by means of a corneometer, measuring the skin electrical capacitance before and after the application of various type of skin lotions. It has been demonstrated that nanoemulsion with oil or fatty alcohol displayed a pronounced hydration power with respect to the solubilization system. In order to compare the smoothness of the skin after using skin lotion, we have measured the friction force. The skin lotions produced by nanoemulsion technique show improved smoothness of an atopic skin.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 1978

Spherical granules of anti-inflammatory enzyme were prepared by mixer granulation and the recovery rate of enzyme activity by processing was compared with tablet ones. In the enteric granule coating .processing, the effect of the amount of coating solution and the conentration of fatty alcohol on disintegration and stabilities on the accelerated conditions were also studied. Being prepared in non-pressure and non-aqueous condition, spherical granules of enzyme made better recovery of enzme activity than tablet ones by 10 times. Combined processing of both mixer granulation and enteric granule film coating provided the noble enteric coated granules, in the sense of disintegration and stabilities, was obtained from using 0.125% fatty alcohol in coating solution.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.24-32
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• 2004

Toner used in xerographic printing process is hydrophobic powder with low surface energy. The toner ink film fused on paper surface can be efficiently detached from a fiber surface during pulping, but it does not fragment again into fine toner particles. Ink agglomerates that result have too large particle size to be deinked by flotation. The purpose of this study is to enhance toner agglomeration using 1-octadecanol for improving the toner removal by screening. The effect of pH, pulping temperature, and 1-octadecanol on toner agglomeration and removal by screening was investigated using image analysis methods. Results showed that the size of toner agglomerates increased substantially when pulping was carried out at high temperature under acidic condition. When toner agglomerates showed spherical shape, the particle removal efficiency of screening was improved.