• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2016

Nitrogen is one of the most critical nutrients affecting cell growth and biochemical composition of microalgae, ultimately determining the lipid or carbohydrate productivity for biofuels. In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen sources on the cell growth and biochemical composition of the marine microalga Tetraselmis sp., nine different N sources, including NaNO₃, KNO₃, NH₄NO₃, NH₄HCO₃, NH₄Cl, CH₃COONH₄, urea, glycine, and yeast extract were compared at the given concentration of 8.82 mM. Higher biomass concentration was achieved under organic nitrogen sources, such as yeast extract (2.23 g L⁻¹) and glycine (1.62 g L⁻¹), compared to nitrate- (1.45 g L⁻¹) or ammonium-N (0.98 g L⁻¹). All ammonium sources showed an inhibition of cell growth, but accumulated higher lipids, showing a maximum content of 28.3% in ammonium bicarbonate. When Tetraselmis sp. was cultivated using yeast extract, the highest lipid productivity of 36.0 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹ was achieved, followed by glycine 21.5 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹ and nitrate 19.9 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹. Ammonium bicarbonate resulted in the lowest lipid productivity of 14.4 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹. The major fatty acids in Tetraselmis sp. were palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, regardless of the nutritional compositions, indicating the suitability of this species for biodiesel production.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 1993

This study was carried out to compare the difference of proximate composition and total lipid components by size and various tissues in sweetfish(Plecoglossus altivelis). Lipid contents of the small and large sweetfish in viscera were $43.2\%\;and\;52.8\%$, respectively. Total lipid contents of the small and large sweetfish were consisted of $3.84{\sim}46.90g/100g$ neutral lipid, $0.86{\sim}4.38g/100g$ phospholipid, respectively. In fatty acid compositions of total lipid, sweetfish showed higher content in saturates such as 16:0, 18:0($43.78{\sim}48.29\%$), and lower content in polyenes such as 18:2n-6, 22:6n-3($13.13{\sim}17.10\%$), and the large sweetfish was somewhat higher in ratio of polyenes compared with the small one. The major fatty acids were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 16:1n-7, 18:2n-6, 22:6n-3, 18:0 and 14:0, in order.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.158-163
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• 1988

The changes of the physico-chemical properties and fatty acid compositions of cooked soybean oil, 30 min at $180{\pm}5^{\circ}C$, were investigated to compare the antixidative effects of some antioxidants such as BHA, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and sesamol according to various storage conditions(room temperature, room temperature with a air tight in the dark and low temperature with air tight) for 4 weeks. The order of antioxidative effects according to different storage conditions was low temperature with air tight, room temperature with air tight in the dark and room temperature. Acid values, peroxide values and carbonyl values of soybean oil stored under low temperature with air tight after ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ treatment were similar to those of soybean oil stored under room temperature after BHA treatment. The relative contents of linoleic acid and linolenic acid decreased during storage, wheras those of oleic acid and palmitic acid increased. The contents of linoleic acid in soybean oil treated with ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ and BHA under low temperature with air tight storage were $53.61{\sim}50.29%$ and $53.78{\sim}50.68%$, respectively. These contents were very high in comparison with those in untreated oil under room temperature storage, $52.09{\sim}43.96%$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.226-231
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• 1982

In order to define triglyceride compositions in fat and oil triglycerides were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) from corn oil, and the separated triglycerides were graduated according to each partition number(PN) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using column of ${\mu}-Bondapack\;C_{18}$ and each graduation was graduated again according to acylcarbon number by gas liquid chromatography(GLC). Fatty acid compositions were analyzed by GLC after their graduation were methylated in according to PN. The triglyceride compositions were estimated by synthesizing the above three results. The estimated triglycerides consisted of 36 kinds in corn oil. The major triglyceride compositions of sample oil were as follows: 21.5%$(C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:1})$, 17.4%$(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:1})$, 15.4%$(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{16:0})$, 11.1%$(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2})$, 9.0%$(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1})$, 8.0%$(C_{18:2},\;C_18:2},\;C_{18:2})$, 5.7%$(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{16:0})$, 2.2%$(C_{16:0},\;C_{16:0},\;C_{18:2})$, 1.6%$(C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2})$, 1.1%$C_{18:2},\;C_{18:0},\;C_{16:0})$, 1.1%$(C_{16:0},\;C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1})$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.278-284
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• 1984

The triglyceride compositions of peach kernel and apricot kernel oil have been investigated by a combination of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas liquid chromatography(GLC). The triglycerides of peach kernel and apricot kernel oil were first separated by thin layer chromatography(TLC), and fractionated on the basis of their partition number(PN) by HPLC on a C-18 ${\mu}-Bondapak$ column with methanol-chloroform solvent mixture. Each of these fractionated groups was purely collected and analyzed by GLC according to acyl carbon number(CN) of triglyceride. Also the fatty acid compositions of these triglycerides were determined by GLC. From the consecutive analyses of these three chromatography techniques, the possible triglyceride compositions of peach kernel and apricot kernel oil were combinated into fifteen and thirteen kinds of triglycerides, respectively. The major triglycerides of peach ternel oil were those of $(3{\times}C_{18:1}\;30.9%)$, $(2{\times}C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;21.2%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;2{\times}C_{18:2}\;10.6%)$, $(3{\times}C_{18:2}\;3.8%)$, $(C_{18:0},\;2{\times}C_{18:1},\;1.8%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;1.5%)$, $(C_{18:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;1.1%)$ and those of apricot kernel oil were $(3{\times}C_{18:1},\;39.5%)$, $(2{\times}C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;24.5%)$, $(C_{18:0},\;2{\times}C_{18:2},\;14.2%)$, $(3{\times}C_{18:2},\;2.0%)$.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2001

Indole and its derivatives form a class of toxic recalcitrant environmental pollutants, Abacte-rium, strain KL-9 was isolated from soil with indole as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen. KL-9 was identified as Acinetobacter sp. on the basis of 16 S rRNA gene sequence, fatty acid and quinone compositions. This identification was also confirmed by the ability of carbon source utilization and other biochemical tests. The growth of Acinetobacter sp. KL-9 was fastest with 0.3mg/ml of indole as was inhibited by higher than 0.5mg/ml of indole in the medium, KL-9 with indole also produced indigo. The formation of indigo was stimulated inthe presence of glucose, which is not a growth-suppoting carbon source for KL-9. Additional biotransformation evidence showed that anthranilate is an intermediate for the degradation of indole KL-9.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the utilization of Sargassum meal in the diet on juvenile ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) reared in seawater. White fish meal and wheat flour were used as the dietary protein and carbohydrate sources in the control diet. Wheat flour in the control diet was replaced with $5\%$ and $10\%$ Sargassum meal. Three replicate groups of fish average weighing 4.0 g were fed one of three isonitrogenous$(45\%)$ and isocaloric (14.5 MJ /kg diet) diets for 7 weeks. Survival of all groups were above $80\%$. Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly affected by dietary Sargassum meal levels (P>0.05). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash and fatty acid compositions of whole-body fish among groups. It is concluded that Sargassum meal could be used as a dietary additive or alternative low-cost dietary ingredient up to $10\%$ for juvenile ayu reared in seawater.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 1991

A Study was carried out to elucidate the triglyceride compositions of the red pepper seed oils harvested from two different areas. The oil was extracted from the red pepper seed with nhexane. Each triglyceride of the oil was separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and fractonated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on the basis of acyl carbon numbers, and partition number group(PN) and fatty acid composition of triglyceride were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). From the results, it was found that the red pepper seed oils of the Chungsong and Youngyang areas consisted of 14 and 18 kinds of triglycerides, respectively. The red pepper seed oil of the Chungsong area consisted of (C18:2, C18:2, C18:2=41.0%), (C16:0, C18:2, C18:2=37.1%), and that of the Youngyang area consisted of (C18:2, C18:2, C18:2=41.0%), (C16:0, C18:2, C18:2=36.3%) and (C16:0, C16:2, C18:2=8.4%), as the major triglycerides.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2002

The cholesterol and fatty acid levels in serum and liver were compared in 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley male fed by addition of polymannuronate (M, 5.0％), polyguluronate (G, 5.0％), and polymannuronate and polyguluronate (MG, 2.5％ to each) with by addition of cholesterol (1.0％). Feed efficiency by the addition of M, MG, and G was lower than cholesterol fed group (p＜0.01). The liver weights were less in M, MG, and G fed groups than in cholesterol fed group (p＜0.01). Triglyceride levels in serum and liver were 58.2∼77.4％ and 51.5∼65.5％ lower in M, G and MG fed groups than cholesterol fed group, respectively. Total-, LDL-, and free-cholesterol levels in serum and liver in M, MG, and G fed group were significantly lower than cholesterol fed group. The cholesterol levels were the most reduced in M fed group. However, HDL- cholesterol level in serum was increased in M, MG, and G fed group (p＜0.01). The of polyene levels were 47％ higher in serum and 76％ in liver in M fed group than in cholesterol fed group. The activities of GOT and GPT were lower in M, MG, and G fed group than in cholesterol fed group (p＜0.01). Above the results demonstrate that supplementation of low molecular polymannuronate in diets improve physiologically lipid composition in serum and liver.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.251-255
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• 2003

The bacterial compositions of seven hot-pepper sown soil were compared in this study. From the 624 isolates, 95 species and 49 genera were identified by fatty acid methyl ester analysis (FAME). The FAME results of seven soil showed two distinct clusters for aerobic and Gram-negative bacteria in the high productivity and monoculture soil samples. While Arthrobacter ($17\%$), Kocuria ($11\%$), Pseudomonas ($8\%$), and Bacillus ($8\%$) were predominant among bacteria which were cultured on heterotrophic (YG) agar medium, Pseudomonas ($56\%$), Stenotrophomonas ($16\%$), and Burkholderia ($8\%$) were predominant on crystal violet agar medium. Shannon Weaver indices (H) indicated that colonies obtained from heterotrophic agar medium (3.1) were found to be more diverse than those obtained from the crystal violet media (1.9). The results suggest that FAME analysis may be a potential indicator for of soil quality.