• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2012

양전자 방출단층 촬영은 $^{18}F$-FDG 주사하고 1시간 후에 촬영한다. 하지만 장비의 결함 또는 예상하지 못한 상황으로 2-3시간정도 경과되어 촬영을 하는 경우가 발생한다. 이에 시간 흐름에 따라 획득된 영상에서 체내 부위별 표준화 섭취계수를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 정상기관 중 정상부위는 간(간우엽 중앙부), 지방(좌측 둔부), 폐(우측 상엽부), 대동맥(상행 대동맥)의 경우는 지연영상에서 크고 작은 감소가 나타났으며, 정상부위 중 유일하게 뼈(제 5요추 체부)에서 ${\Delta}$SUVmax 37%의 증가가 나타났다. 병소부위는 시간의 흐름에 따라 증가함을 보였으며 ${\Delta}$SUVmax는 37.6%증가로 나타났으며 병소의 섭취증가와 정상부위 섭취감소로 대조도의 차이가 커짐을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경생물학회 2002년도 학술대회
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• pp.123-126
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• 2002

Pollutants that are persistent, bioaccurnulative, and toxic have been linked to numerous adverse effects in human and animals, PBTs include heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in addition to pesticides. This study focuses on toxic effects of the PBTs except pesticides on insects. Eight PBTs were selected from subgroups: three heavy metals (Pb, Hg, and Cd), two PCB mixtures (Aroclor mixtures 1 and 2), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, two monophenols (4-octylphenol and 4-nonylphenol), and tetrabutyltin, Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, was used as test target insect species. Three physiological markers (metamorphosis, immune reaction, and follicle patency) were assessed in each exposure to different doses of the PCBs. Heat-shock proteins as molecular markers were also analyzed in response to the PCBs. All tested PBTs were toxic to metamorphosis from larvae to pupae when they were applied with diet. Two PCB mixtures were the most toxic compounds in this assay by giving significant toxicity at 0.005 ppm, while others had from 10 to 1000 ppm. Dioxin (0.1 ppb), tetrabutyltin (0.1 ppb), Pb (10 ppb), and Hg (0,01 ppb) were potent to inhibit immune reactions analyzed by inducing phenoloxidase activity and blocked phospholipase $A_2$ enzyme, Tetrabutyltin and dioxin significantly induced follicle cell patency, but their effects were lower than that of endogenous juvenile hormone, Dioxin, Pb, Hg, and Cd could induce the expression of heat shock proteins that were detected by immunoblotting against human HSP70 monoclonal antibody. HSP78 and HSP80 were upregulated in response to the PBTs. This expression was detected from the fat body and epidermis at as fast as 4h after injection. All these results clearly suggest that PBTs give significant ecotoxicity to insects that are valuable organisms in our environment.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.22.1-22.6
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• 2017

The antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of dietary supplementation of sea tangle from Goseong and the alginate-free residue of sea tangle were investigated in Sprague Dawley rats treated with a high-fat diet, streptozotocin, poloxamer 407, and bromobenzene. The alginate-free residue of Goseong sea tangle induced a significant reduction in triglycerides and total cholesterol levels, as well as a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Alginate-free Goseong sea tangle residue reduced the activities of the phase I enzymes aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, which had been increased by intraperitoneal injection of bromobenzene. Pretreatment with Goseong sea tangle residue prevented a bromobenzene-induced decrease in epoxide hydrolase activity. Bromobenzene reduced hepatic glutathione content and increased hepatic lipid peroxide levels. Pretreatment with alginate-free Goseong sea tangle residue prevented lipid peroxidation induced by bromobenzene, but pretreatment with Goseong sea tangle did not. These results suggest that Goseong sea tangle residue exerted antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities that were higher than those induced by alginate-containing sea tangle. Therefore, the alginate-free residue may contain physiologically unknown active components, other than alginic acid, which may potentially be used to prevent hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.503-512
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• 2017

Background: Chronic heavy alcohol consumption may raise the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Saponins inhibit apoptosis of pancreatic islet cells and reduce lipid parameters. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of saponin on chronic ethanol-treated diabetic rats. Methods: Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (LETO) and Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were pair-fed a Lieber-DeCarli diet with and without 5% ethanol for 12 wks. Two weeks after starting the pair-feeding with the Lieber-DeCarli diet, intraperitoneal injection of saponin was performed for 10 wks. To perform the experiments, rats were divided as follows: LETO-Control (LC), LETO-Ethanol (LE), LETO-Ethanol-Saponin (LES), OLETF-Control (OC), OLETF-Ethanol (OE), and OLETF-Ethanol-Saponin (OES). Results: The weights of epididymal and mesenteric fat tissue in LES and OES rats were the lightest from among the LETO and OLETF groups, respectively. The secretion of alanine aminotransferase and cholesterol in OES rats decreased significantly compared to their secretion in OC and OE rats, respectively. The islets of the pancreas in LE and OE rats showed clean, unclear, and smaller morphology compared to those of LC, LES, OC, and OES rats. In addition, the expression of insulin in the islets of the pancreas in LC, LES, OC, and OES rats was higher than in LE and OE rats. Conclusion: Saponin may not only be helpful in alleviating the rapid progress of diabetes due to chronic alcohol consumption in diabetic patients, but may also show potential as an antidiabetic drug candidate for diabetic patients who chronically consume alcohol.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

Purpose: Lipogranuloma is the reaction of adipose tissue to various oils, paraffin, and other hydrocarbons injected into subcutaneous tissue for cosmetic or other reasons. The authors experienced a case of sclerosing lipogranuloma on the nasal dorsum. Methods: A 42-year-old female, without a history of the injection of any foreign materials, was admitted on our hospital for a painless, irregular, and firm mass located on her nasal dorsum with step-off deformity. It was considered that the mass had developed after augmentation rhinoplasty. The size of mass had been increased after closed reduction of nasal bone fracture. On April 2011, under general anesthesia, the mass was removed by open rhinoplasty technique. In addition, a pathologic examination was performed. After the mass extirpation, dermofat graft was performed for the correction of depression deformity. Results: The histopathological findings demonstrated a Swiss cheese pattern with variably-sized vacuoles, which corresponded to lipid removed with tissue processing, and variable foreign body giant cell reaction, fat necrosis, and hyalinized fibrous tissue. The pathologic diagnosis is lipogranuloma replacing nasalis muscle. It has been considered that sclerosing lipogranuloma is caused by nerve injury during augmentation rhinoplasty and the ointment used after the closed reduction of nasal bone fracture, which infiltrated through the injured mucosa. Conclusion: During the treatment of rhinoplasty or nasal bone fracture, the nerve injury or the ointment use can lead to lipogranuloma. Therefore, careful dissection for avoidance of the nerve injury and limited use of ointment seems to be helpful in decreasing incidence of lipogranuloma.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.20-33
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• 2020

Objective: The differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) in terms of their adverse effects on male reproductive parameters have never been elucidated. This study aimed to distinguish between the effects of the DM types in mice treated with multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ) to mimic human T1DM and coadministered a high-fat diet (HFD) to mimic human T2DM. Methods: The T1DM mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ (40 mg/kg body weight) for 5 days. The T2DM mice received an HFD for 14 days prior to STZ injection (85 mg/kg body weight), followed by continuous feeding of an HFD. Male reproductive parameters were evaluated. Results: The reproductive organs of the DM mice weighed significantly less than those of controls, and the seminal vesicles plus prostates of the T1DM mice weighed less than those of the T2DM mice. Increased sperm abnormalities and incomplete DNA packaging were observed in the DM groups. Sperm concentration and the proportion of normal sperm were significantly lower in the T1DM group. The seminiferous histopathology of DM mice was classified into seven types. The penises of the DM mice were smaller than those of the controls; however, tunica albuginea thickness and the amount of penile collagen fibers were increased in these mice. Round germ cells were abundant in the epididymal lumens of the mice with DM. Conclusion: T1DM adversely affected reproductive parameters to a greater extent than T2DM.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.107-123
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• 2010

Objective & Methods: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba herbal-acupuncture (ACH-HA) at GB34 (Yangleungchean) on hyperlipidemia induced with alloxan injection and high fat diet in rats. The author performed several experimental items to analyze the levels of various components and enzymes in serum, liver, as well as the histological changes of liver and aorta. Results: 1. ACH-HA solution increased the DPPH radical scavenging activity in rat liver cells. 2. ACH-HA at GB34 significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, free cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI), while significantly increased the ratios of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/total cholesterol and phospholipid/total cholesterol in hyperlipidemic rats. 3. ACH-HA at GB34 significantly decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level in hyperlipidemic rats. 4. ACH-HA at GB34 significantly increased hepatic glutathione (GSH) activity in hyperlipidemic rats. Conclusion: From the above results, it is suggested that ACH-HA at GB34 may have therapeutic and preventive effects on hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.237-246
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• 1989

본연구는 인슐린 투여가 생체내에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보기 위한 기본단계로 생후 약 10주령되는 정상쥐에 인슐린을 복강 주사한 뒤 혈청내 변화와 조직학적 변화를 조사하였다. 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가. Acute phase에서의 인슐린 투여 효과 \circled1 인슐린 주사후 1.5시간만에 혈당치는 최저를 나타냈으나 그후 점차 증가하여 4시간후에는 처음 수준으로 복귀하였으나 Hb,Ht,혈청 단백직과 알부민 등은 인슐린 투여에 의해 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. \circled2 혈청 총지질, 중성지방은 인슐린을 주사한지 2시간까지는 약간 증가하다 차츰 감소하였고, 혈청 콜레스테롤은 감소하다가 4시간 이후에 다시 증가추세로 바뀌었다. 그러나 인지질은 별다른 변화를 보이지 않았다. 나. Chronic phase에서의 인슐린 투여 효과 \circled1 인슐린 투여에 따라 공복혈당치는 큰 영향을 받지 않았으며,Hb, Ht, 혈청 알부민과 단백질등은 실험기간중 별다른 변화가 없었다. \circled2 혈청 총지질은 인슐린 투여 20일까지는 큰 변화가 없었으나 그후 30일째는 처음 수준의 절반으로 감소함을 보였다. 그러나 중성지방, 인지질, 혈청콜레스테롤 등은 뚜렷한 증가나 감소가 없는 경향을 보였다. \circled3 인슐린 투여가 간과 aorta의 지발 침착에 미치는 영향은 뚜렷한 변화가 없었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.466-471
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Currently, natural products have been shown to exhibit interesting biological and pharmacological activities and are used as chemotherapeutic agents. The purpose of this study, conducted on Wistar rats, was to evaluate the beneficial effects of Artemisia arborescens oil on oestroprogestative treatment induced damage on liver. MATERIALS/METHODS: A total of 36 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups; a control group (n = 9), a group of rats who received oestroprogestative treatment by intraperitoneal injection (n = 9), a group pre-treated with Artemisia arborescens then injected with oestroprogestative treatment (n = 9), and a group pre-treated with Artemisia arborescens (n = 9). To minimize the handling stress, animals from each group were sacrificed rapidly by decapitation. Blood serum was obtained by centrifugation and the livers were removed, cleaned of fat, and stored at $-80^{\circ}C$ until use. RESULTS: In the current study, oestroprogestative poisoning resulted in oxidative stress, which was demonstrated by 1) a significant increase of lipid peroxidation level in hepatic tissue 2) increased levels of serum transaminases (aspartate amino transferase and serum alanine amino transferase), alkaline phosphatase, glycemia and triglycerides and a decrease in the level of cholesterol 3) alteration of hepatic architecture. Pre-administration of Artemisia arborescens oil was found to alleviate oestroprogestative treatment induced damage by lowering lipid peroxidation level and by increasing activity of catalase, superoxide-dismutase, and glutathione-peroxidase in liver and by reducing disruption of biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION: Therefore, the results obtained in this study confirmed that Artemisia essential oil protects against oestroprogestative administration induced hepatotoxicity by restoration of liver activities.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.425-437
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• 2021

Although the contributions of sitagliptin to endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus were previously reported, the mechanisms still undefined. Autophagy plays an important role in the development of diabetes mellitus, but its role in diabetic macrovascular complications is unclear. This study aims to observe the effect of sitagliptin on macrovascular endothelium in diabetes and explore the role of autophagy in this process. Diabetic rats were induced through administration of high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Then diabetic rats were treated with or without sitagliptin for 12 weeks. Endothelial damage and autophagy were measured. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured either in normal glucose or in high glucose medium and intervened with different concentrations of sitagliptin. Rapamycin was used to induce autophagy. Cell viability, apoptosis and autophagy were detected. The expressions of proteins in c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-Bcl-2-Beclin-1 pathway were measured. Sitagliptin attenuated injuries of endothelium in vivo and in vitro. The expression of microtubuleassociated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3II) and beclin-1 were increased in aortas of diabetic rats and cells cultured with high-glucose, while sitagliptin inhibited the over-expression of LC3II and beclin-1. In vitro pre-treatment with sitagliptin decreased rapamycin-induced autophagy. However, after pretreatment with rapamycin, the protective effect of sitagliptin on endothelial cells was abolished. Further studies revealed sitagliptin increased the expression of Bcl-2, while inhibited the expression of JNK in vivo. Sitagliptin attenuates injuries of vascular endothelial cells caused by high glucose through inhibiting over-activated autophagy. JNK-Bcl-2-Beclin-1 pathway may be involved in this process.