• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2012

This study investigated the lipid profiles for the possible improving activity of insoluble dietary fiber extracted from cabbage waste discarded during kimchi manufacture and market distribution. Enzyme-treated Insoluble Dietary Fiber (EIDF) is the remnants of crude dietary fiber (CDF) treated by ${\alpha}$-amylase, protease, and amyloglucosidase after removal of soluble materials from cabbage waste. The insoluble dietary fiber of CDF and EIDF in cabbage waste was $65.33{\pm}0.33%$ and $73.57{\pm}0.09%$, respectively. To examine the effects of EIDF on plasma cholesterol concentration, two group of rats were fed either a high fat diet (HFD) or a HFD containing 0.1~1.0% EIDF for 4 weeks. The body weight of all groups was not significantly different (p<0.05) but the body weight of EIDF+HFD groups was less than that of the HFD group (p<0.1). Compared with the HFD group, EIDF also lowered serum levels of total triglycerides to 11.2~23.3% and cholesterol to 26.8~28.5%. In EIDF+HFD groups, the HDL-cholesterol level increased by 7.2~26.1%, while LDL-cholesterol especially decreased by 51.0~61.4% and VLDL-cholesterol by 16.9~26.4%. The atherogenic index of EIDF+HFD groups was also reduced twice that of the HFD group. From these results, EIDF from cabbage waste could be a potential effective food ingredient for improving lipid profiles.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1544-1550
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• 2008

The retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) play a critical role in vision, growth, reproduction, cell differentiation and embryonic development. Using the IMpRH panel, porcine cellular retinol binding protein genes 5 and 7 (RBP5 and RBP7) were assigned to porcine chromosomes 5 and 6, respectively. The complete coding sequences (CDS) of the RBP5 and RBP7 genes were amplified using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method, and the deduced amino acid sequences of both genes were compared to human corresponding proteins. The mRNA distributions of the two genes in adult Wuzhishan pig tissues (lung, skeletal muscle, spleen, heart, stomach, large intestine, lymph node, small intestine, liver, brain, kidney and fat) were examined. A total of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in two genes. Three of these SNPs were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in Laiwu, Wuzhishan, Guizhou, Bama, Tongcheng, Yorkshire and Landrace pig breeds. Association analysis of genotypes of these SNP loci with economic traits was done in our experimental populations. Significant associations of different genotypes of $RBP5-A/G^{63}$, $RBP5-A/G^{517}$ and $RPB5-T/C^{intron1-90}$ loci with traits including maximum carcass length (LM), minimum carcass length (LN), marbling score (MS), back fat thickness at shoulder (SBF), meat color score (MCS) and hematocrit (HCT) were detected. These SNPs may be useful as genetic markers in genetic improvement for porcine production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1684-1688
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• 2017

Objective: From a review of published information on genetic association studies, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the influence of the genes ${\kappa}-casein$ (CSN3) and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ (LGB) on milk yield traits in Holstein, Jersey, Brown Swiss, and Fleckvieh. Methods: The GLIMMIX procedure was used to analyze milk production and percentage of protein and fat in milk. Models included the main effects and all their possible two-way interactions; not estimable effects and non-significant (p>0.05) two-way interactions were dropped from the models. The three traits analyzed used Poisson distribution and a log link function and were determined with the Interactive Data Analysis of SAS software. Least square means and multiple mean comparisons were obtained and performed for significant main effects and their interactions (p<0.0255). Results: Interaction of breed by gene showed that Holstein and Fleckvieh were the breeds on which CSN3 ($6.01%{\pm}0.19%$ and $5.98%{\pm}0.22%$), and LGB ($6.02%{\pm}0.19%$ and $5.70%{\pm}0.22%$) have the greatest influence. Interaction of breed by genotype nested in the analyzed gene indicated that Holstein and Jersey showed greater influence of the CSN3 AA genotype, $6.04%{\pm}0.22%$ and $5.59%{\pm}0.31%$ than the other genotypes, while LGB AA genotype had the largest influence on the traits analyzed, $6.05%{\pm}0.20%$ and $5.60%{\pm}0.19%$, respectively. Furthermore, interaction of type of statistical model by genotype nested in the analyzed gene indicated that CSN3 and LGB genes had similar behavior, maintaining a difference of more than 7% across analyzed genotypes. These results could indicate that both Holstein and Jersey have had lower substitution allele effect in selection programs that include CSN3 and LGB genes than Brown Swiss and Fleckvieh. Conclusion: Breed determined which genotypes had the greatest association with analyzed traits. The mixed model based in Bayesian or Ridge Regression was the best alternative to analyze CSN3 and LGB gene effects on milk yield and protein and fat percentages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.145-159
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to classify body type for ready-to-wear sizes. The subjects were 300 women ages of 18-24. they were measured direct anthropometry. The body types for sizing system were divided by Rohrer Index. KS drop value and ISO drop value. The results of this study were as follows. 1. By adapting the Rohrer Index. we classify 3 types from anthropometric measurements. The thin type covered 39.3%, the standard type 51.0% and the obesity type 18.7%. The characteristics of clusters were as follows. Thin type was characterized by tall. slender type and slim. The standard type was characterized by middle sized. The obesity type was characterized by short. fat type. and large bust. 2. By adapting the KS system drop value. we classify 3 types from anthropometric measurements. The H type(drop 0) covered 25.6%. the N type(drop 6) 65.2% and the A type(drop 12) 9.2%. Type H was slightly tall large bust. and curved from waist to hip. Type A was slightly thin. large hip and smaller bust than type N. Principal factor components were bust size. The height could be divided into three groups. The Petite(l50cm) covered 5.5%. the Regular(l60cm) 64.7% and the Tall(l70cm) 29.8%. Through the crosstab of height and body type. we extracted regular height by N type 46.2% the largest cell. The body type was the higher order of N type. H type and A type. The tall was the higher order of Regular. Tall and Petite. 3. By adapting the ISO system drop value. we classify 3 types from anthropometric measurements. The H type(drop 0) covered 15.0%. the M type(drop 6) 41.0% and the A type(drop 12) 44.0%. Type H was slightly short. slightly fat and large bust. Type A was slightly tall. slight thin than type M. The height could be divided into three groups. We adjust the height section after allow for height distribution. The Short(152cm) covered 12.8%. the Regular(160cm) 66.9% and the Long(168cm) 20.3%. Through the crosstab of height and body type, we extracted regular height by M type 29.3% the largest cell. The body type was the higher order of M type, A type and H type. The tall was the higher order of Regular, Long and short.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.331-337
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• 2001

The effect of Phellinus linteus methanol extract on the lipid metabolism in the liver of rat was investigated in this study. Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups including the control, $CCl_4$and high fat group plus sub-groups with Phellinus linteus methanol extract administration. Methanol extracts of Phellinus linteus were fed 50mg/kg B.W daily via drinking water. A 1.2mL of $CCl_4/kg$ body weight was administered by oral intubation twice a week for total six times. The administration of $CCl_4$ increased total cholesterol, TG, LDL and LDL-phospholipid. However, the level of liver cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly decreased while HDL-cholesterol was increased by the extract feeding. The activities of GOT, GPT, AP and LDH were greatly enhanced by the extract feeding. Electronmicrograph showed that $CCl_4$ treatment deteriorated the structure of cytoplasmic matrix with its uneven distribution. However, the extract treatment reconstituted the damaged cytoplasm and stimulated mitochondriagenesis. From these results, it was suggested that Phellinus linteus can help to recover the damaged liver function and further may help to prevent senescence diseases such as fatty liver, hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.345-355
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• 2006

Objectives : The purposes of this study are to evaluate the effect of treatment in obesity clinic in Dae-Gu Hanny University and to improve the oriental medical methods of treatment in obesity patients. Methods : 62 patients were classified into four groups by Body Mass Index(BMI) : normal, overweight, 1st obesity and 2nd obesity groups. Weight, BMI, body fat rate and abdominal fat rate were compared in each group by t-test. Results : In distribution of sex, male were 10(16.1%), female were 52(83.9%). Mean age was $31.0{\pm}2.59$ and the patients in twenties and thirties were the most. Mean weight was $71.80{\pm}4.08kg$ and 1st obesity group(23) was the most. Mean BMI was $27.11{\pm}1.20(kg/m^2)$. BMI Changes in obesity groups treated by obesity clinic were $0.95{\pm}0.68kg/m^2$ in normal group, $1.45{\pm}0.38kg/m^2$ in overweight group, $2.67{\pm}0.48kg/m^2$ in 1st obesity group and $4.01{\pm}1.10kg/m^2$ in 2nd obesity group. The changes in all groups were significant. The more the obesity degree was. the more weight loss was. Conclusions : The weight and BMI in patients were almost decreased significantly when they treated. It resulted that the effect of oriental medical treatment in obesity was positive. This study is the effect of treatment in obesity by several medical methods and it is thought that the study of the effects of treatment in obesity by each medical methods that were used in this study is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.930-936
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• 2004

Effects of rice cultivars and degree of milling (DM) on composition, pasting properties, total phenolic contents, and distribution of phenolic acids were investigated. Rice and bran fractions with 94.4, 92.0, and 90.4% milling yields from brown rice of four cultivars (Odae, Nampyung, Chucheong, and Ilmi) were used. Fat and ash contents of milled rices decreased with increasing DM, whereas protein contents were not affected. In rice bran, differences in fat and ash contents by cultivars were higher than those caused by DM. With increasing DM, gelatinization temperature of rice flour decreased, whereas peak viscosity and hold viscosity at $95^{\circ}C$ increased. While cold viscosity, final viscosity, and setback varied among cultivars, DM had little effect. Total polyphenolic contents in brown rice, milled rice, and rice bran were 93.9-88.8, 30.3-71.9, and 310.0-541.6 mg catechin eq/100g, respectively. Major phenolic compounds were identified as ferulic and p-coumaric acids. Total phenolic content of brown rice (65.9-27.9 mg%) decreased with increasing DM, whereas ratio of ferulic acid composition increased. Chucheong and Ilmi varieties showed biggest reduction of phenolic acid contents by milling. In rice bran, ferulic and p-coumaric acids were 157.8-240.2 and 31.8-90.4 mg%, respectively. Contents of sinapinic, benzoic, and m-hydroxybenzoic acids in rice bran were higher than those of brown and milled rices.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.257-266
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• 1999

Ivermectin is a widely used broad spectrum antiparasitic agent in veterinary medicine. In this work, we examined the pharmacokinetic parameters and the tissue residue profile of a new injectable formulation of ivermectin developed for pigs. The plasma ivermectin levels reached the peak at about 9 and 2 hours after the administrations in young and adult pigs, respectively. But the elimination half-life (3-3.5 days) and the $C_{max}$ values (24~28 ng/ml) were not significantly different between young and adult pig groups. When compared to the reference formulation, the $C_{max}$ of test formulation was higher and $T_{1/2}$ values were shorter than those of the reference formulation, respectively. The tissue residue levels were dose- and time-dependent and were higher in the liver and fat, than in the other tissues such as the injection sites, the kidney, intestine, muscle, plasma (4~74 ng/g) at the 7th day after the administration of both formulations of ivermectin. Then, the mean tissue ivermectin levels at the 21st day after the administration in all the tissues decreased to 7.4 and 25% of the 7th day levels in the test and reference formulations, respectively. In general, the tissue levels of ivermectin in the animals treated with the test formulation decreased more rapidly than those with the reference formulation. The tissue to plasma distribution ratio (T/P ratio) of ivermectin was higher in the liver and fat than other tissues. The T/P ratio in the liver of animals treated with the test formulation was somewhat higher than that in the animals treated with the reference formulation. Taken together, the results of pharmacokinetic and tissue residue studies indicate that the test formulation of ivermectin for subcutaneous injection is comparable to the reference formulation, but unique in that it has higher peak plasma concentrations, shorter elimination half-life and higher T/P ratio in the liver than the reference formulation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.82
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• pp.223-229
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• 2007

Present study aims to investigate the topical distribution of pupal stage specific cuticle protein and its temporal and spatial role during the wing formation of Artogeia rapae. ArCP27(27 kd cuticle protein) was identified as pupal stage specific cuticle protein in cuticle tissues and has not shown any qualitative differences by local portions of body. ArCP27 maintained constant concentration just after pupal ecdysis to 5-day old pupal stage but thereafter decreased. In fat body, ArCP27 was found in both thoracic and abdominal fat body from the last larval to pupal stage. In wing cuticle, ArCP27 began to find from 5-day old pupal stage. Immunologically ArCP27 in thoracic and abdominal cuticle has the response against the ArCP27 at 5-day old pupa but since then has no response. But the antibody against ArCP27 has reacted to 5- and 7-day old pupal and adult wing protein. $^3H-leucine$ was not incorporated into ArCP27 in 5- and 7-day old thoracic and abdominal cuticle but was incorporated into ArCP27 in 7-day old wing cuticle and adult wing, suggesting that ArCP27 partly participates the wing cuticle formation by the process of digestion and reabsorption of old cuticle.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.409-413
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• 2008

The occurences of proteins relating to Antheraea pernyi arylphorin in haemolymph, fat body, integument, midgut and silkgland of the wild silkmoths, Antheraea yamamai, Antheraea pernyi, Samia cynthia pryeri and Actias gnoma in the 5th larval instar were investigated by immunoblot analysis using mouse polyclonal antibody against A. pernyi arylphorin as probe. In A. yamamai, A. pernyi, S. cynthia pryeri and A. gnoma, the major immunoreactive antigenic proteins with a molecular weight of 80 KDa against the antisera of the A. pernyi arylphorin were clearly observed in the haemolymph, but in the integument, fat body, midgut and silkgland of the corresponding wild silkmoths the presence of the immunoreactive proteins were very variable. These results suggest that the A. pernyi arylphorin has almost same immunological identity with those of the wild silkmoths, A. yamamai, S. cynthia pryeri and A. gnoma though the distribution of the corresponding antigenic arylphorins is different according to the tissues of the wild silkmoths.