• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 1981

Silage yield and nutritional values of a locally collected Korean corn line with high tillering and earing characteristics were investigated at plant densities from 2778 to 8333 plants/ l0a. This line and a non-tillering and nonprolific corn as a check were grown at four plant densities and at three planting dates. The Korean local line abbreviated as MET had the highest dry matter per l0a. The highest dry matter of the MET line compared with the check hybrid was due to the highest dry leaf weight of the MET line. The highest dry leaf weight of the MET line was due to the increased number of tillers of the MET line. Other plant parts such as ear weight, kernel weight and cob weight of the MET line were lower than those of the check hybrid. The dry husk weight per l0a of the MET line was higher than that of the check hybrid, probably due to the increased number of ears in the MET line. The total embryo production per 10 a of the MET line was significantly higher than that of the check hybrid. The increased portion of embryo of the MET line is probably responsible for the higher TON values of the MET line. No interaction between variety x planting dates or planting density was found, indicating that the MET line and check hybrid were both the same in effects of planting dates and densities. Both line and hybrid showed the highest dry matter production when the planting density was high and planting dates was early. When silage was made from either MET line or check hybrid the nutritional values in terms of crude protein, crude fat, fiber, and ash contents of the MET line were similar to those of the check hybrid. But the TON of the MET line was higher than that of the check hybrid, while the OCP of the MET line lower than that of the check hybrid. Amino acid contents of the MET line were also comparable to those of the check hybrid, while lysine content of the MET line was 10% higher than that of the check hybrid.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-31
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary methionine and lysine levels on laying hen performance. The level of protein was fixed 15% during whole experiment period, but the levels of methionine and lysine were 0.30% and 0.58% (Low), 0.32% and 0.64% (Medium), 0.35% and 0 70% (High), respectively. Total 288 laying pullets of 22 weeks age were reared from January 28, 1989 to March 23, 1990 for 60weeks. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The e99 Productions were highest in medium treatment in phase I (22~42weeks of age), phase II (42~62 weeks of age) and phase III (62~82weeks of age) and especially, there was significant difference among treatments during phase II (P＜0.05). 2. Egg weight was significantly increased as the levels of methionine and lysine were increased up to methionine and lysine were 0.32% and 0.64%, respectively(P＜0.01). 3. Daily egg mass was highest when the levels of methionine and lysine were 0.32% and 0.64%, respectively and there were significant differences among treatments during phase I and phase II (P＜0.01) 4. Daily feed intake was increased as the levels of methionine and lysine were increased, and there was significant difference among treatments during phase III (P＜0.05). 5. Feed efficiency was best in medium treatment in phase I and phase II (P＜0.01) 6, Viability was highest in medium treatment, but there was no significant difference among treatments. 7. Nutrient utilizability of experimental diets was not significantly different among treatments. 8. Eviscerated yield was highest and abdominal fat accumulation was lowest in medium treatment, but there was no significant difference among treatments. 9. Egg shell quality and chemical composition of egg content were not different among treatments. 10. The feed cost per kg egg mass was lowest in medium treatment and there were significant differences among treatments in phase I, phase II and whole egg laying period(P＜0.05)

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.7-11
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• 2012

Purpose : The effect of concomitant use of $^{18}F$-FDG and intravenous contrast agent (CA) on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), was rarely reported. We had investigated these potentially confounding effects. Materials and Methods : Twenty-two patients had undergone DXA before and immediately after $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scans. Two DXA and 1 PET/CT scans had performed within one-day. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scans had been performed with CA in 17 patients and without CA in 5 patients. Whole body bone mineral content (BMC), whole body bone mineral density (BMD), total fat mass (TFM), and lean body mass (LBM) were measured by DXA scanner before and after the $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scans. Results : BMC, BMD, TFM and LBM had significantly affected by $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT with CA (BMC, +13.7%, from $2061.3{\pm}393.7$ to $2343.4{\pm}373.3$; BMD, +9.3%, from $1.07{\pm}0.09$ to $1.17{\pm}0.08$; TFM, -34.1%, from $17052.1{\pm}4049.9$ to $11237.1{\pm}2990.3$; LBM, +13.6%, from $45834.5{\pm}5662.1$ to $52094.0{\pm}6335.4$). However, $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT without CA had no effect on the measurement of DXA (BMC, +2.4%, from $2197.7{\pm}391.6$ to $2251.5{\pm}380.9$; BMD, +1.8%, from $1.13{\pm}0.09$ to $1.15{\pm}0.07$; TFM, -6.8%, from $14585.6{\pm}3455.9$ to $13591.3{\pm}4351.4$; LBM, +2.2%, from $47360.5{\pm}8381.8$ to $48441.1{\pm}8488.1$). Conclusion : The measurements of DXA are affected by using CA. However, DXA scans might be unaffected by the presence of $^{18}F$-FDG administered for PET/CT.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.79-93
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• 2013

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding herbaceous peat on growth performance and meat quality of Holstein beef cattle. Total of 20 Holstein beef cattle (18~20 month of age, $657{\pm}31kg$ body weight) were conventionally and separately fed a concentrate diet and rice straw for 134 days. The dietary treatments were randomly assigned by complete block design into four treatments, each of which were five heads in early fattening stage. The treatments in this study were the control group fed basal diet, feeding herbaceous peat group (5%/diet, T1), feeding coated vitamin C group (20g/head, T2) and feeding mixture of herbaceous peat and coated vitamin C group (5%/diet+20g/head, T3). The initial body weights between the groups of control, T1, T2 and T3 were similar showing with $689{\pm}31$, $661{\pm}24$, $659{\pm}32$ and $622{\pm}19kg$. The daily body weight gain was higher in T3 by 8.3% than that in the control (p<0.05). Glucose concentration in control group was the highest among treatments (p<0.05), but there was no significant differences between treatments on AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), BUN and total protein concentrations of blood. The fat content of sirloin in the T2 was significantly higher than control and T1 group (p<0.05). Meat color (CIE) values in T2 was the highest among treatments (p<0.05), and other treatments also increased those values. In overall, the feeding herbaceous peat and vitamin C to the Holstein beef cattle was considered to have positive effects on the growth performance of Holstein beef cattle. In addition, the effects on the performances of animals were more improved when fed herbaceous peat and vitamin C concurrently.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.160-165
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• 2011

The composition of fatty acids in bakery products from 35 bakeries in Seoul was analyzed by GCFID. The contents of crude fat in bakery products were represented 9.54-44.30% in pastries, 14.67-41.22% in cookies and 7.63-28.15% in whipped cream cakes. The total saturated fatty acid content in pastries, cookies and whipped cream cakes were 12.8-75.1 %, 8.7-81.6% and 50.2-85.9% respectively. The proportion of trans fatty acids in pastries ranged from 0.00 to 3.37%. Cookies and whipped cream cakes were represented varying amount of trans fatty acid with highest value of 4.55% in cookies and 2.13% in whipped cream cakes. Total estimated daily intakes of fatty acids from pastries and whipped cream cakes were as follows: 1.2 g/day/person for saturated fatty acids and 0.014 g/day/person for trans fatty acids.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1164-1172
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• 2011

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Trichoderma reesei derived phytase for pigs fed diets with fixed calcium to total phosphorus ratios (1.5:1). In Exp. 1, 280 weaned pigs (initial BW of $10.32{\pm}1.94$ kg) were allocated to one of five dietary treatments on the basis of weight and gender in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were the low phosphorus (0.6% Ca, 0.4% total P and 0.23% available P) diets supplemented with 0, 250, 1,000, or 2,000 FTU phytase/kg of diet and a positive control diet (PC; 0.85% Ca, 0.58% total P and 0.37% available P). The treatments were applied to seven pens with eight pigs per pen, half male and half female. In Exp. 2, six barrows fitted with ileal T-cannula (initial BW = $35.1{\pm}1.6$ kg) were assigned to three dietary treatments with a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. The dietary treatments were the low-phosphorus diet (0.53% Ca, 0.34% total P and 0.14% available P), the low phosphorus diet plus 1,000 FTU phytase/kg and a positive control diet (0.77% Ca, 0.50% total P and 0.30% available P). In Exp. 1, there were linear increases (p<0.01) in weight gain, phosphorus absorption, bone strength, calcium and phosphorus content of fat-free dried bone and plasma phosphorus concentrations with increasing dose rate of phytase. The performance of pigs fed the diets with 250, 1,000, or 2,000 FTU of phytase/kg did not differ from pigs fed the PC diet. Pigs fed diets with 1,000 or 2,000 FTU of phytase/kg did not differ from pigs fed the PC diet in bone characteristics. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ash and energy was not affected by dietary treatment. However, pigs fed the PC diet excreted more fecal phosphorus (g/d, p<0.01) and fecal phosphorus per BW gain (g/kg) than pigs fed the diets with phytase. Phytase linearly decreased (p<0.01) fecal phosphorus excreted per BW gain (g/kg), plasma calcium concentration as well as plasma and bone alkaline phosphatase activity. In Exp. 2, phytase supplementation in the low-P diet increased (p<0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Ca, P, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, alanine and cysteine, tended to AID of crude protein, isoleucine, threonine, asparagine and serine. In conclusion, the novel phytase originated from Trichoderma reesei is effective in releasing Ca, P, and amino acids from corn soy based diet for pigs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.46-49
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• 1999

Our previous studies have demonstrated the biological effects of alginic acid as a brown algae (Undasia pinnatisda) component on inhibitory action of obesity using animal model. This study was designed to investigate the effect of brown algae (BA)-noodles ($10\%,\;20\%$ and $40\%$) on inhibitory action of obesity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats for 4 weeks. Body weight gain in SD rats for 4 weeks resulted in a marked inhibition ($7\%,\;17\%\;38\%$, respectively) by administration of $10\%,\;20\%$ and $40\%$ BA-noodles compared with control group. Total energy intake and feed efficiency in SD rats for 4 weeks resulted in a marked inhibition ($6\%,\;16\%\;37\%$ and $10\%\;20\%\;40\%$, respectively) by administration of $10\%\;20\%$ and $40\%$ BA-noodles compared with control group, but gross efficiency was not observed in these BA-noodle groups. Rohrer index and TM index as an obesity markers in SD rats for 4 weeks significantly decreased ($10\%\;15\%$ and $22\%$, respectively) by administration of $10\%,\;20\%$ and $40\%$ BA-noodles compared with control group. These results suggest that inhibitory effect of obesity in SD rats for 4 weeks may be due to decreases of body fat content resulted in a decrease of feed efficiency and energy intake by these BA-noodles.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations for reproductive and productive traits and to apply their estimates to selection strategies in a swine population. Reproductive and productive traits considered in this study were number of born alive piglet (NBA), number of weaned piglet (NW), loin eye area (LEA), days to 90 kg (D90KG), back fat thickness (BF), and lean meat content (LEAN). Data were collected from 9,886 litters on 2,447 sows for reproductive traits and 10,181 gilts and boars for productive traits from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2008 in a swine GGP farm. The statistical model to estimate genetic parameters for considering traits was a multiple traits animal model with including animal and maternal additive effects and litter effects on reproductive traits and animal additive effects on productive traits as random as well as some of fixed effects. For estimating (co) variance components of several random effects, restricted maximum likelihood methodology was used on this assumed model. The estimated heritabilities by animal additive effects and maternal effects were 0.07 and 0.02 for NBA and 0.03 and 0.02 for NW, respectively. Genetic correlation estimate for direct genetic effects between NBA and NW was 0.14. Heritability estimates for direct genetic effects were 0.19, 0.39, 0.36, and 0.43 for LEA, D90KG, BF and LEAN, respectively. The genetic correlation of LEA with LEAN was 0.35. Productive traits were antagonistically correlated with reproductive traits. From these results it is concluded that, if selection is done for strong positive effects of reproductive traits, then this would decline productive performance.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.753-760
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• 2007

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the immunocastration on the growth performance, the characteristics of carcass and meat quality in boar. Total 45 piglets(Landrace×Yorkshire) were prepared from the birth and were fed the experimental diet by the time to be slaughtered at around 110 kg of body weight. The experimental groups consisted of five piglets per pen with 3 replicates in three treatment groups, non castrated(NC), surgically castrated(SC), and GnRH antagonist(GA). In SC group, all piglets aged 3-4 days after birth were castrated by the surgical method. For the immunocastration, 2ml of GnRH antagonist(Improvac, Pfizer, Australia) were subcutaneously injected into piglets twice on the 16th and 20th week after the beginning of the trial in the GA group. The immunocastration did not make any significant influences on the growth performance, as compared with the other treatments. The different castration method used in either GA or SC group pigs had similar effects on the dressing percentage and body fat content as carcass parameters. In respect of a meat quality, the meat color, pH, shearing force and cooking loss were not significantly different in all treatment groups. Testosterone concentration in serum was shown to be similar between GA and SC group at 2 weeks after the 2nd injection of GnRH antagonist. The weight of bulbourethral gland and the radius and weight of testis were significantly smaller in GA than in NC(P=0.002). All together, this study suggested that the castration by immunocastration can be an alternative method for the surgical castration without any changes in growth performance, the characteristics of carcass and meat quality shown in surgical castration group.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of single or mixed supplementation of bacterial and fungal phytase using 45-wk-old 450 Hy-Line Brown laying hens housed in individual cages for 12-wk period. The birds were reallocated to have similar egg productivity by examining the egg production for one wk before starting the experiment. Two sources of phytase, bacterial (BP) and fungal (FP), were used either in single or mixture to determine the effects of these phytase. Five dietary treatments consisted of control (BP 0, FP 0), T1 (BP 300, FP 0), T2 (BP 300, FP 300), T3 (BP 300, FP 3000), and T4 (BP 0, FP 3000). The DPU was used for phytase activity in this experiment. The nonphytate phosphorus (NPP) content of control was 0.30%, and those of phytase treatments were set to 60% of the Control. Experimental diets were fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The lighting schedule of 17L7D was employed. The egg production was not different between control and bacterial phytase treatments, but the T4 showed significantly low productivity compared to control (P<0.05). No difference was found in average egg weight among all treatments. The daily egg mass did not show any statistical differences among all treatments: however, it was significantly low in T4 compared to ther control during the latter half of the experiment (P<0.05). No significant difference was found among treatments in terms of feed intake, feed conversion and egg quality. The digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, and fat digestibility were similar regardless of the treatments. No significant trends were detected in Ca and P availability. In conclusion, the BP level of 300 DPU contributed to achieve 40% reduction of recommended nonphytate phosphorus addition. The synergistic effect of bacterial and fungal phytase was not confirmed.