• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.247-261
• /
• 2023

Kimchi cabbage is widely consumed in Korea, with the popularity of this pickled vegetable dish growing internationally due to its health benefits. In this study, the physical (size, color), functional (antioxidant activity, total polyphenol, and flavonoid content), and nutritional (water- and fat-soluble vitamins) characteristics of two new kimchi cabbage varieties, namely red and gold kimchi cabbages (RKC and GKC, respectively), were analyzed and compared with those of the common kimchi cabbage (CKC). There were no significant differences in the thickness or length of the three kimchi cabbages, although RKC had the narrowest outer leaves among the three varieties (11.94 cm). Regarding chromaticity, yellowness was highest in GKC (29.86), whereas redness was highest in RKC (9.31). Furthermore, RKC had the highest recorded vitamin B₆ and B₉ (1,288.5 ㎍/100 g and 776.7 ㎍ dietary folate equivalent/100 g, respectively). On the other hand, the fat-soluble vitamins vitamin A (β-carotene) and K (Phylloquinone) were both highest in GKC (907.1 ㎍/100 g and 712.2 ㎍/100 g, respectively). Generally, all kimchi cabbage samples contained high levels of vitamin E (1.8-4.9 mg α-tocopherol equivalent/100 g). RKC attained the highest antioxidant activity and total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents among the three kimchi cabbages. These results show that gold and red kimchi cabbage can be used as raw materials in the food-processing industry.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.832-848
• /
• 2024

This study was carried out to assess the quality properties, components associated with taste and aroma of beef as a function of breed. For this purpose, steers from four Korean native cattle breeds: Hanwoo (n=10), Chikso (n=10), black Hanwoo (n=12, BHW) and Jeju black cattle (n=12, JBC) were used. The steers all were raised under identical conditions and finished at a similar age of around 30-months old. Following 24 h of slaughter, all longissimus lumborum muscles were collected and used for analysis of meat quality, fatty acids, and flavor-related components (metabolic compounds, free amino acids, and aroma volatiles). The Hanwoo presented a significantly higher intramuscular fat content (IMF, 22.85%) than the BHW (11.78%), Chikso (9.25%), and JBC (9.14%; p<0.05). The meat of Hanwoo breed showed lighter and redder color, and lower shear force value (p<0.05). The JBC presented a "healthier" fatty acid profiles as it had a higher total unsaturated fatty acids content (p<0.05). With regard to flavorrelated components, Hanwoo also had higher total contents of free amino acids and metabolites associated with umami and sweet tastes, and fat-derived volatile compounds (aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones) associated with fatty aroma. It may be concluded that there was a considerable difference in the meat quality properties among breeds. The variations of IMF content and flavor-related components may be the main factors contributing to the typical flavors of beef among the four Korean native cattle breeds.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제66권3호
• /
• pp.614-629
• /
• 2024

Hanwoo beef is in high demand because of its unique flavor, freshness, and high-fat content. However, the longer rearing period required to enhance marbling in Hanwoo cattle has adverse environmental consequences, such as greenhouse gas emissions and overall rearing costs. To address consumer preferences for leaner and healthier meat, the Korean meat industry has recently introduced Hanwoo heifer meat as an alternative source, but its quality traits are still unclear. Nevertheless, there is a limited body of research exploring the impact of Hanwoo gender (steer, heifer, and cow) and their corresponding slaughter ages on meat quality traits. This study looked into how gender affected the physicochemical and qualitative features of Hanwoo striploin at their respective slaughter ages. Results revealed that cow striploin has higher levels of moisture (66.81%) and protein (20.76%), whereas it contains lower levels of fat (10.66%) and cholesterol (34.66 mg/100 g). Regarding the physicochemical properties, cow striploin exhibited significantly lower shear force, color indexes, and soluble collagen (p < 0.05). However, chondroitin (1.19%) and muscle fiber area (1,545.23 ㎛²) were significantly higher in steer striploin than in heifer and cow (p < 0.05). Cow striploin exhibited significantly higher levels of oleic acid, unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) while having lower levels of eicosadienoic acid and atherogenic index compared to the other two groups. Cows and heifers had higher concentrations of amino acid metabolites than striploin from steers. Furthermore, bioactive metabolites such as carnitine and carnosine content were found higher in cow and heifer respectively. Overall, Hanwoo cattle gender influences the qualitative attributes of striploin; nevertheless, compared to steer and heifer striploin, cow striploin is a relatively good source of protein, fatty acid content, and metabolites conducive to a healthy diet.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.198-211
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 주박의 다양한 영양성분을 활용하고자 머핀에 첨가하여 그 품질 특성을 평가하여 건강에 도움이 되고, 기호에도 부합한 식사대용이 가능한 저 열량 머핀의 개발을 하고자 하였다. 일반성분 분석을 측정한 결과, 주박의 첨가량이 증가할수록 조단백과 회분, 수분, 조섬유의 함량은 유의적으로 증가하였고, 조지방의 함량은 감소하였다. 머핀의 부피, 무게, 비용적, 굽기손실률, 높이를 측정한 결과 주박의 첨가량이 증가할수록 머핀의 부피, 높이, 무게는 많아지는 것으로 나타났고, 굽기손실률은 작아졌다. 주박을 비율별로 첨가하고 머핀의 경도(hardness), 씹힘성(chewiness), 검성(gmminess), 응집성(cohesivenesss)을 측정한 결과, 머핀의 경도와 씹힘성은 주박의 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아졌으며, 검성은 시료 간에 유의적인 차이를 보이기는 하였으나, 시료 간에 뚜렷한 경향을 보이지는 않았다. 머핀의 응집성은 주박만 10 g 첨가한 MLM10의 응집은 0.78로 시료 간의 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 대조군의 응집성은 다른 시료들에 비해 응집성이 현저하게 낮았다. L값(명도)은 주박의 첨가량이 증가할수록 머핀의 명도가 유의적으로 낮아졌고, a값(적색도)은 높아졌으며, b값(황색도)도 낮아짐을 알 수 있었다. 주박을 첨가하여 머핀의 관능검사를 실시한 결과, 머핀의 팽창도, 기공의 균일함이나 크기에서도 버터를 첨가한 대조군보다 좋게 평가되어 주박을 첨가하여 머핀을 만들어도 먹기에 좋게 평가됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 머핀을 제조할 때 주박을 첨가하여도 기호도가 높게 평가되어 바람직한 것으로 나타났고, 지방을 대신하여 주박을 첨가하여 머핀을 제조하여도 소비자의 기호에 부합하는 머핀의 개발이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.180-187
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding by-product feed (BF)-based silage on the performance, blood metabolite parameters, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. The BF-based silage was composed of 50% spent mushroom substrate, 21% recycled poultry bedding, 15% cut ryegrass straw, 10.8% rice bran, 2% molasses, 0.6% bentonite, and 0.6% microbial additive (on a wet basis), and ensiled for over 5 d. Fifteen steers were allocated to three diets during the growing and fattening periods (3.1 and 9.8 months, respectively): a control diet (concentrate mix and free access to rice straw), a 50% BF-based silage diet (control diet+50% of maximum BF-based silage intake), and a 100% BF-based silage diet (the same amount of concentrate mix and ad libitum BF-based silage). The BF-based silage was fed during the growing and fattening periods, and was replaced with larger particles of rice straw during the finishing period. After 19.6 months of the whole period all the steers were slaughtered. Compared with feeding rice straw, feeding BF-based silage tended (p = 0.10) to increase the average daily gain (27%) and feed efficiency (18%) of the growing steers, caused by increased voluntary feed intake. Feeding BF-based silage had little effect on serum constituents, electrolytes, enzymes, or the blood cell profiles of fattening steers, except for low serum Ca and high blood urea concentrations (p<0.05). Feeding BF-based silage did not affect cold carcass weight, yield traits such as back fat thickness, longissimus muscle area, yield index or yield grade, or quality traits such as meat color, fat color, texture, maturity, marbling score, or quality grade. However, it improved good quality grade (1+ and 1++) appearance rates (60% for the control group vs 100% for the BF-based silage-fed groups). In conclusion, cheap BF-based silage could be successfully used as a good quality roughage source for beef cattle.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제51권3호
• /
• pp.225-230
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 인공섬유질의 투여가 거세한우의 발육, 사료 섭취량 및 도체특성 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 시험구 배치는 체중 $368.3\pm20.3kg$의 거세한 우를 반추위내 인공섬유질 무투여구(대조구), 3개 투여구(T1) 및 5개 투여구(T2)의 3처리로 하여 각 처리당 12두씩 총 36두를 완전 임의배치하였다. 처리간 일당증체량, 사료 섭취량 및 사료요구율의 차이는 없었다. 반추위 융모의 수는 대조구에 비해 인공섬유질 투여구에서 많은 경향을 보였으나(p>0.05), 통계적인 유의차이는 없었다. 융모의 길이는 인공섬유질 5개 투여구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 길었다(p<0.05). 분 배설량은 인공섬유질 3개 투여로 인해 감소되는 경향을 보였다(p>0.05). 처리간 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께, 근내지방도, 육색 및 지방색의 차이는 없었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과에서 거세한우에 대한 인공섬유질의 투여는 융모의 발달과 분 배설량 감소에 도움이 되는 것으로 판단되며, 발육, 사료섭취량, 도체특성에 미치는 부의 영향은 없는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.146-150
• /
• 2004

돈육에서 추출한 염용성 단백질과 유화물로 제조한 결착제를 이용하여 재구성 삼겹살과 재구성 베이컨을 제조하고, 재구성육간의 물리적인 특성과 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 재구성 베이컨과 삼겹살 간의 육색을 비교한 결과, 명도값(L$^{*}$ )은 재구성 삼겹살이 유의적으로(p＜0.05) 가장 높게 나타났고, 냉장육과 냉동육으로 만든 베이컨간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 또한 적색도를 나타내는 a$^{*}$ 와 황색도를 나타내는 b$^{*}$ 역시 재구성 삼겹살이 유의적으로(p<0.05) 높게 나타났으며, 냉장과 냉동육으로 제조한 재구성육간에는 적색도와 황색도에 있어 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다 재구성 삼겹살과 재구성 베이컨간의 보수력 비교에서는 재구성 베이컨의 보수력이 유의적으로(p＜0.05) 높게 나타났으며, 그중에서도 냉동원료육으로 만든 재구성 베이컨의 보수력이 가장 높게 나타났다(p＜0.05). 재구성 베이컨의 인장강도가 재구성 삼겹살의 인장강도에 비해 유의적으로(p＜0.05) 높게 나타났다. 또한 원료육의 상태에 따른 재구성 베이컨간의 비교에서는 냉장육으로 제조한 재구성 베이컨의 인장강도가 냉동원료육으로 만든 재구성 베이컨에 비해 유의적으로(p＜0.05)높은 인장강도값을 나타내었다. 재구성 베이컨과 삼겹살간의 관능검사 결과, 육색은 재구성 삼겹살과 냉장육으로 제조한 재구성 베이컨이 냉동육으로 제조한 재구성육에 비해 유의적으로(p＜0.05) 높은 육색을 나타내었다 다즙성과 탄력성은 재구성 삼겹이 재구성 베이컨에 비교해 유의적으로(p＜0.05) 높게 나타났으나 연도는 재구성 베이컨이 유의적으로 (p＜0.05)높게 나타났다. 전체적인 기호도를 보면 재구성 삼겹살이 재구성 베이컨에 비해 유의적으로(p＜0.05)높게 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.36-40
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 한우 암소의 산육 및 도체특성에 있어 오징어 부산물의 급여 효과를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 한우 16두(나이 7세, 체중$484.1{\pm}63.6$ kg)를 대조구 및 처리구(오징어 부산물 첨가), 등 2그룹(각각 8두)으로 완전임의 배치하였다. 사료급여는 두 그룹 모두 자유채식토록 하여 150일간 시험을 수행하였다. 일당증체량은 처리구가 대조구 보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 시험기간 내 사료섭취량 및 사료요구율은 처리구가 대조구 보다 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 육량특성에 있어서, 등지방두께, 등심단면적 및 육량지수는 두 처리구간 비슷한 경향을 나타내었고, 도체중은 처리구가 363.4 kg 대조구 353.1 kg으로 처리구간 유의적 차이는 없었다. 육질특성에서는 육색, 지방색, 조직감 및 성숙도는 두 그룹간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 그러나 근내지방도 및 육질 1등급 이상 출현율은 대조구 보다 처리구가 높았다. 그러므로 본 연구의 결과 오징어부산물의 급여는 한우 암소의 산육 및 도체특성을 향상시키는 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제25권11호
• /
• pp.1553-1558
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density or group size on feed intake, daily gain, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo (Korean indigenous breed) steers reared from 7 months to 31 months of age. Thirty Hanwoo steers were divided into four groups with three replicates each (a total of 12 pens). In each group, one (G1), two (G2), three (G3), and four steers (G4) per pen were allocated as treatments. Pen size was $32.0m^2$, and therefore Hanwoo steers in G1, G2, G3, and G4 were reared under different space allowances, i.e. 32.0, 16.0, 10.6, and $8.0m^2$/steer, respectively. Steers were reared following a conventional beef cattle management method in Korea, and were offered a fixed amount of commercial concentrate with ad libitum forages. Results were subjected to analysis of variance with stocking density as the main effect, and significance was declared at p<0.05. Although total feed intake was not significantly altered, it numerically increased in animals of low stocking density (G1) compared to those subjected to high stocking density treatment (i.e. G4). Feed conversion ratio was higher (p<0.05) in G3 compared to G1 and G2. Animals in G1 (low stocking density) grew faster (p<0.05) than those of high stocking density (G3 and G4). Back fat thickness, meat yield index, and meat yield grade were similar among all levels of stocking density. However, longissimus muscle area was larger in G1 and G2 (p<0.01) compared to G3 and G4, and animals in G3 produced smaller carcasses (p<0.05). Carcass quality traits, including marbling score, meat color, fat color, texture, maturity and meat quality grade, as determined by a group of experts, were not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, lower stocking density resulted in increased feed efficiency, daily gain, and carcass weight in Hanwoo steers. However it remains unclear whether such differences are the results of stocking density or group size, or a combination of both. Nonetheless, these results confirm previous studies reporting a negative effect of increased stocking density on animal productivity. Further, animal welfare under an intensive farming system in relation to economical return is discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권8호
• /
• pp.1197-1205
• /
• 2006

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of feeding DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) and DL-methionine (DLM) supplemented corn-soybean-cottonseed meal diets on growth performance, carcass composition, and muscle color of broilers. The trial was designed as a $2{\times}3{\times}2$ factorial experiment, including two methionine (Met) sources (HMTBA and DLM), three equimolar graded levels of Met supplementation (i.e., 0.08, 0.16, and 0.24% in the starter diet and 0.07, 0.14, and 0.21% in the grower and finisher diets, respectively), and two sexes (male and female). Additionally, one basal diet for each sex was formulated to be limiting in Met to test the dosage response of increasing supplemental Met levels. Four hundred and twenty 10-d-old broilers were randomly allotted to 14 treatments (seven each for males and females), with five replicate pens per treatment and six chicks per pen. There was no difference (p>0.05) between the two Met sources in growth performance and muscle deposition of broilers throughout the whole experimental period (d 10 to 49). With the increasing Met supplementation levels, average daily gain was increased (quadratic; p<0.01) during the starter, grower, and overall phases, average daily feed intake was increased (quadratic; p<0.01) during the starter phase, and feed:gain ratio was decreased (quadratic; p<0.05) during the grower and overall phases. At the end of finisher phase, Met supplementation increased breast muscle content (quadratic; p<0.01) and thigh muscle content (linear; p<0.05), and decreased abdominal fat content (quadratic; p<0.02). Compared to the broiler fed DLM, broilers fed HMTBA had superior breast and thigh muscle coloration (p<0.01). Male broilers had higher weight gain and feed intake and better feed conversion than female broilers (p<0.01). The fat content of thigh muscle in female broilers was higher than that of male broilers (p<0.03). The best fit comparison of HMTBA vs. DLM was determined by Schwarz Bayesian Criteria index, which indicated that the average relative bioefficacy of HMTBA vs. DLM was 120% with 95% confidence limit 67 to 172%. These results indicated that Met supplementation improved growth performance and carcass quality of broilers fed corn-soybean-cottonseed meal diets irrespective of Met sources. Compared to DLM, HMTBA has the same molar bioefficacy on improving the growth performance and carcass quality of broilers; however, HMTBA fed birds had superior meat color to DLM fed birds.