• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.443-452
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• 2009

Adipocytes are differentiated from preadipocytes and have large capacity for storing fats inside cells. In cattle, intramuscular fat (IMF) content is one of the major determinants for meat quality and also highly affects market prices, especially in Japan and Korea. In order to profiling differentially expressed genes between intramuscular fibroblast-like cells (preadipocytes) and their differentiated adipocytes, we have established intramuscular fibroblast-like cells from M. longissimus thoracis in Korean cattle (Hanwoo). The differentially expressed genes were selected by comparing these two types of cells ug thecommercially available 23kese two types of cells ug theco. The results indan ced that 206 arecomelements were differentially expressed. Of these, 67 and 94 ks wn genes were up and d wn regulaced, respectively, in adipocytes ug ng both 2-fold difference and Welch's t-test as the cut-off points. The differentially expressed genes identified in this study can be used as good markers for improving meat quality traits with further verification of their biological functions, especially IMF contents in cattle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 1983

The present study was carried out to observe the histopathological changes in the mammary gland of lactating rats and rabbits injected with dexamethasone. White rats were intramuscularly injected with 0.25mg, 0.5mg or 1.0mg of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (containing $9{\alpha}$-fluoro-$16{\alpha}$-methylprednisolone, 5.0mg/ml) daily for 3 to 10 days on the 3rd day after parturition and white rabbits were intramammary infused with 4mg or 20mg of dexamethasone daily for 4 days on 7th day after parturition. The histopathological changes of the mammary glands, ovaries and adrenal glands of rats and rabbits were observed with light microscope. In the mammary glands of rats, the microscopic findings encountered were decrease of the milk in the alveolar lumina, necrosis and desquamation of epithelial cells, atrophy of alveoli, proliferation of fibroblasts and thickness of alveolar walls, destruction of alveoli, presence of fat droplets within the glandular epithelial cells, infiltration of mononuclear cells and proliferation of adipose tissue, which were relative to the dose and duration of injection. Especially, in the cases of the administration of large doses or long duration, there were severe fibrosis and focal necrosis of glandular tissue. In the mammary glands of rabbits, the morphological changes were similar to those findings in the rats. The milk in the alveolar lumina was decreased gradually according to the dose and duration of injection, while milk fat concentration regarded to increase. In the histological findings of ovaries, necrosis of granulosa cellos, vacuolization and necrosis of luteal cells, atrophy and necrotic foci in the corpora lutes were observed. In the adrenal glands, hyperemia, hemorrhage, vacuolization of adrenal cortical cells, necrotic foci and atrophy of adrenal cortex were observed.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.389-397
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• 2005

This experimental Study was designed to investigate the effects of Acanthopanacis Cortex Extract(ACE) on the immunity, anti-cancer and obesity in mice. The results were as follows; ACE was significantly increased in the proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes, and NO production from peritoneal macrophages in normal mice. ACE was significantly increased in the proliferation of thymocytes and splenocytes, and NO production from peritoneal macrophages in L1210 cells transplanted mice. ACE was significantly decreased in the proliferation of L1210 cells in L1210 cells transplanted mice. ACE was significantly inhibited body weight and tumor weight in S-180 cells transplanted mice. ACE was significantly increased in the mean survival days in S-180 cells transplanted mice. ACE was significantly decreased in the body weight in rats fed high fat diet. ACE was significantly decreased in the serum total cholesterol level, free fatty acid level, total lipid level, phospholipid level in rats fed high fat diet. According to above results, the authors suggest that ACE is able to be used for the herb of physiological-action.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.350-366
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• 1987

This research was designed to study the effect of Korean dietary lipids on the lipid metabolism and the immune function in young rats . The three different lipid sources were compared lard, perilla oil and fish oil. Three different levels of lipid in the diet, 2%, 15% and 30%,on the weight basis, were included. After four weeks feeding, the rats were sacrified and blood sample was collected to analyze for the total lipid, TG and cholesterol contents in serum. The HDL fraction in serum was seperated by the electrophoresis of lipoproteins. The immune responses were measured by the blastogenesis of spleen lymphocyte stimulated by PHA and in serum were measured. The following results were obtained. Lower body weight gain was shown in 30% lipid diet fed group on the isocaloric basis. In concerning the different dietary lipid sources, there were significantly lower boyd weight gain in fish oil than in perilla seed oil and lard group in 30% lipid groups. Deposition of body fat expressed by epididymal fat pad in serum were significantly different among perilla seed oil, lard and fish oil groups. Perilla seed oil group showed lowest level of total lipid and TG in serum regardless of dietary fat level. The feeding perilla seed oil to rats was resulted in lower serum cholesterol levels than lard in all three levels of fats tested. The HDL fraction was elevated in perilla seed oil group at the high fat level. The stimulating responses of lymphycotes by PHA did not seem to be influenced by different dietary fat sources. However, conA mitogenic responses was significantly increased in perilla seed oil group. The lower level of perilla seed oil (2%, 15%) showed slightly higher responses of ConA, indicating that lower level of perilla seed oil might have stimulatory response on the immune response. The number of antibody forming cells of spleen against SRBC was increased in 30% fat level for all the three kind of fats. However, no effect has been found in plaque forming cell response by the differences in dietary fat sources. There were no significant differences in serum IgG and IgA levels in all dietary groups.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2003

PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), leptin, and resistin are synthesized and secreted by Int cells of rodents and have recently been postulated to be an important link to obesity. This study was conducted to identify the nutritional regulation of PAI-1, leptin, and resistin gene expression in 0b/ob mice. The mice were divided into four groups according to nutritional status: control, 48 hour fasting, 48 hour-fasting/12 hour-refeeding, and 48 hour-fasting/24 hour-refeeding. The mRNA levels of each peptide were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. In visceral fat tissue, the level of PAI-1 mRNA increased markedly when 48h-fasted animals were refed with a high carbohydrate-low fat diet. However, lasting/refeeding did not appreciably change PAI-1 mRNA levels in subcutaneous fat tissue. Similar results were obtained for resistin mRNA levels in both types of fat tissues. These findings suggest that visceral adipose tissue might be more sensitively involved in the nutritional regulation of PAI-1 and resistin gene expression compared to subcutaneous fat tissue. The level of leptin mRNA decreased markedly in the 48h-fasted animals, and increased markedly when 48h-fasted animals were refed with a high carbohydrate-low fat diet. The nutritional regulation of leptin mRNA showed similar patterns in both types of fat tissues. In conclusion, the nutritional regulation of gene expression encoding PAI-1, resistin, and leptin from adipocytes may vary according to the type of adipose tissue.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.5-7
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• 2003

NADPH is an essential co-factor for fat and cholesterol biosynthesis. However, the role of cytosolic NADP$\^$＋/-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc), a putative NADPH producer, in the control of the fat and cholesterol metabolism has not been assessed. Here we report that increased or decreased IDPc expression in 3T3-Ll fat cells promoted or retarded adipogenesis, respectively. Furthermore, overexpression of IDPc in transgenic mice exhibited fatty liver, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and obesity by increasing NADPH production leading to subsequent stimulation of acetyl-coenzyme A and malonyl-coenzyme A consumption. In contrast, administrations of a synthetic IDPc inhibitor, DAl1004, to ob/ob mice effectively reduced body weight with lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels. In addition, a positive relationship (${\gamma}$ = 0.69, $\rho$<0.0l) between plasma IDPc activity and body mass indexes was observed in 98 randomly-selected human volunteers. Our findings strongly indicate that NADPH produced by IDPc plays an important role in controlling body fat and lipid biosynthesis.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.603-611
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• 2018

Triglyceride homeostasis is a key process of normal development and is essential for the maintenance of energy metabolism. Dysregulation of this process leads to metabolic disorders such as obesity and hyperlipidemia. Here, we report a novel function of the Drosophila flightless-I (fliI) gene in lipid metabolism. Drosophila fliI mutants were resistant to starvation and showed increased levels of triglycerides in the fat body and intestine, whereas fliI overexpression decreased triglyceride levels. These flies suffered from metabolic stress indicated by increased levels of trehalose in hemolymph and enhanced phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha ($eIF2{\alpha}$). Moreover, upregulation of triglycerides via a knockdown of fliI was reversed by a knockdown of desat1 in the fat body of flies. These results indicate that fliI suppresses the expression of desat1, thereby inhibiting the development of obesity; fliI may, thus, serve as a novel therapeutic target in obesity and metabolic diseases.

• Medical Lasers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2021

Background and Objectives Due to changes in diet and lifestyle, the number of obese people worldwide is steadily increasing. Obesity has an adverse effect on a healthy life, so it needs treatment and improvement. Research related to this is continuously being conducted. Materials and Methods The laser system to compact designed using 808 nm laser diode and Neodymium Yttrium orthovanadate generates a 1064 nm wavelength, the periodically polarized nonlinear crystal pumping laser beam. The pulsed 1064 nm wavelength beam passing through the AO Q-switch is used as the pumping light of the nonlinear optical crystal and is irradiated to the periodic polarized nonlinear optical crystal with a quasi-phase matching period. Nonlinear optical crystals use an oven to control the temperature to generate the desired 1980 nm and 2300 nm wavelengths. Results The 1980 nm and 2300 nm wavelengths generated by temperature control of nonlinear optical crystals are effective for lipolysis. A fiber catheter was used so that the laser could be directly irradiated to the fat cells. In particular, the new wavelength (1980 nm, 2300 nm) can increase the fat reduction effect with low energy (1.3 W). When a laser with a combination wavelength of 1980 nm and 2300 nm was used, an average lipolysis effect of 20% was obtained. Conclusion A mid-infrared lipolysis laser system with excellent absorption of fat and water has been developed. We conducted a princlinical study to confirm the efficacy and safety of the lipolysis laser system, and obtained good results for lipolysis with low energy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1701-1707
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• 2005

This study deals with the characterization of porcine PIK3C3 and association tests with quantitative traits. PIK3C3 belongs to the class 3 PI3Ks that participate in the regulation of hepatic glucose output, glycogen synthase, and antilipolysis in typical insulin target cells such as those in the such as liver, muscle system, and fat. On the analysis of full-length mRNA sequence, the length of the PIK3C3 CDS was recorded as 2,664 bps. As well, nucleotide and amino acid identities between human and pig subjects were 92% and 99%, respectively. Five SNPs were detected over 5 exons. We performed genotyping by using a SNP C2604T on exon24 for 145 F$_2$ animals (from a cross between Korean native boars and Landrace sows) by PCR-RFLP analysis with Hpy8I used to investigate the relationship between growth and fat depot traits. In the total association analysis, which doesn' consider transmission disequilibrium, the SNP showed a significant effect (p<0.05) on body weight and carcass fat at 30 weeks of age as well as a highly significant effect (p<0.01) on back fat. In an additional sib-pair analysis, C allele still showed positive and significant effects (p<0.05) on back fat thickness and carcass fat. Moreover, the effects of C allele on the means of within-family components for carcass fat and back fat were estimated as 2.76 kg and 5.07 mm, respectively. As a result, the SNP of porcine PIK3C3 discovered in this study could be utilized as a possible genetic marker for the selection of pigs that possess low levels of back fat and carcass fat at the slaughter weight.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1982

Excessive fat deposition, particularly in the abdominal region, has become a problem in broiler production. When the caloric intake exceeds the body demands for energy, excess food is stored as fat in broilers. Researchers have shown that fat deposition varies with breed, strain, sex age, nutrition, exercise, ambient temperature and rearing systems. These factors affect fat deposition through their effects on the size or the number of adipose cells or a combination of both. In some measurements on live birds to predict body fat, the wet weight and percentage fat of skin in pectoral feather tract are significantly correlated with percentage abdominal fat. But these correlation coefficients are not so high. Therefore, correlation coefficients indicate that these measurements on live birds ate not useful for estimating body fat weight and percentage. Most reports show that an increase in the proportion of carcass fat, when measured at a given age, is correlated with selection for increased body weight. On the other hand some research results show that selection for body$.$weight gain dose not lead to an alteration in the proportion carcass fat when measured at a given body weight. Besides, selection for improved food conversion efficiency alone resulted in a decrease in carcass fat and an increase in protein and water when measured at either a given age or body weight, Thus eventhough it is uncertain whether carcass fat is increasing as a result of body-weight selection in broilers: however it is clear that selection for improved food conversion efficiency, either alone or in combination with growth rate, should result in leaner carcasses than selection for growth rate alone.