• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.743-753
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• 2001

This paper proposed the sizing system for womens lower clothes. The sizing system was classified according to 4 body types and 5 age groups. The size intervals of waist girth, hip girth, stature, and slacks length were 3cm, 4cm, 8cm, and 5cm respectively. Frequency distribution analyzed with waist girth, hip girth, and stature showed that the most frequent sizes were 86-100-158 in the fattest-medium length H type, 77-92-158 in the fat-short M type, 68-92-158 in the balanced-long A type, and 65-88-158 in the balanced-medium length A type. The number of the sizes for lower clothes, which had frequencies more than 4∼5%, was 33 and each size was presented with slacks length, skirt length, thigh girth, and knee girth. Also frequency distribution analyzed with waist girth, hip girth, and slacks length showed that the most frequent sizes were 86-100-90 in the fattest-medium length H type, 74-96-90 in the fat-short M type, 68-92-90 in the balanced-long A type, and 65-88-90 in the balanced-medium length A type. The sizing system classified by age group had 21 cases in the early twenties, 21 cases in the late twenties, 18 cases in the early thirties, 16 cases in the late thirties, and 8 cases in the forties. This result will contribute to clothing fitness and efficient production.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.551-562
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• 2020

Beef fat was replaced with cold press pumpkin seed oil (PSO; 0%, 5%, 15%, and 20%) in the production of bologna-type sausages. A value of pH, water-holding capacity (WHC), jelly-fat separation, emulsion stability and viscosity values were determined in meat batters. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), color, and textural characteristics (TPA, shear test, penetration test) were determined in end-product at 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of storage at 4℃. The pH values were varied between 6.06 and 6.08. With the increase in the level of PSO in meat batters, there was a significant increase in WHC, jelly-fat separation and viscosity values (p<0.05) while a significant decrease in emulsion stability (p<0.05). TBARS values of sausages were found to be significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05), and this trend continued during storage. Increasing of PSO level were caused a significant increase in L* and b* values while a decrease in a* value (p<0.05). Hardness, adhesiveness and chewiness values were significantly reduced whereas cohesiveness and resilience values increased (p<0.05). Maximum shear force and work of shear was significantly decreased as the level of PSO increased (p<0.05). Hardness, work of penetration and the resistance during the withdrawal of the probe values (penetration tests) increased significantly with the increase in the level of PSO (p<0.05). These results indicate that PSO has potential to be use as a replacement of animal-based fats in the production of bologna-type sausages.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2004

Evaluated the hyperacute embolic effects of triolein and oleic acid in cat brains by using MR image and electron microscopy. In fat embolism, free fatty acid is more toxic than neutral fat in terms of tissue damage. T2-Weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging were performed in cat brains after the injection of triolein (group 1, n=8) or oleic acid (group 2, n=10) into the internal carotid artery. MR image were quantitatively assessed by comparing the lesions with their counterparts on T2-weighted images, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. Electron microscopic findings in group 1 were compared with those in group 2. Qualitatively, MR images revealed two types of lesions. Type 1 lesions were hyperintense on diffusion-weighted images and hypointense of ADC maps. Type 2 lesions were isointense or mildly hyperintense on diffusion-weighted images and isointense on ADC maps. Quantitatively, the signal intensity rations of type 1 lesions in group 2 specimens were significantly higher on T2-weighted images (P=.013)/(P=.027) and lower on ADC maps compared with those of group 1. Electron microscopy of type 1 lesions in both groups revealed more prominent widening of the perivascular space and swelling of the neural cells in groups 1. MR and electron microscopic data on cerebral fat embolism induced by either triolein or oleic acid revealed characteristics suggestive of both vasogenic and cytotoxic edema in the hyperacute stage. Tissue damage appeared more severe in the oleic acid group than in the triolein group.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.128-141
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• 1996

The pourpose of this study is to determine the exact size which can be the basic elements of the fashion design with the measurement of middle-aged women's body, and to grasp the peculiar tomato type of the middle-aged women by compacting each measurement and examing the change of body shape. Making 215 house wives about 40 to 55 years old the subject of this research, we measured the body size from June to August, 1994. After analyzing the data through the 43 item.; of the body measurement, grasping the characteristics of the tomato type, we classified three types of physical standard and looked into the element of body structure. The results were as follows; 1. The average Rohrer index of middle-aged women in Tas-gu is about 1.5 and they usually seem to be fat compared with other groups. 2. Age has much influence on the body change of middle-aged women. Especially around 45 years old, the body change showed remarkable. 3. When analyzing the elements of the body measurement, the biggest elements of middle -aged women's body structure are in the items of width, thickness and girth related to the expansion of body line. Therefore in the middle age, the thickness and the girth have more influence on the human body than the height and the length, so the items of thickness and girth is the most important factor in the somato type. 4. In the slim body and standard body, the thirst factor is the items of height and length related to vertical size and the second is the items of width and thickness and girth. In ice fat body the first factor is the items of width, thickness, girth and the second is those of height, length. Unlike other body shapes, the fat body has many factors, which shows that the fat body has much variation in each part in proportion to fatness.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2015

Purpose: Recent studies have revealed recurrent alterations in the cell adhesion gene FAT4, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, in cancer. FAT atypical cadherin 4 (FAT4) is a transmembrane receptor involved in the Hippo signaling pathway, which is involved in the control of organ size. Here, we investigated the loss of FAT4 expression and its association with clinicopathological risk factors in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We assessed the expression of FAT4 by using immunohistochemistry on three tissue microarrays containing samples from 136 gastric cancer cases, radically resected in the Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital between July 2006 and June 2008. Cytoplasmic immunoexpression of FAT4 was semi-quantitatively scored using the H-score system. An H-score of ${\geq}10$ was considered positive for FAT4 expression. Results: Variable cytoplasmic expressions of FAT4 were observed in gastric cancers, with 33 cases (24.3%) showing loss of expression (H-score <10). Loss of FAT4 expression was associated with an increased rate of perineural invasion (H-score <10 vs. ${\geq}10$, 36.4% vs. 16.5%, P=0.015), high pathologic T stage (P=0.015), high tumor-node-metastasis stage (P=0.017), and reduced disease-free survival time (H-score <10 vs. ${\geq}10$, mean survival $62.7{\pm}7.3$ months vs. $79.1{\pm}3.1$ months, P=0.025). However, no association was found between the loss of FAT4 expression and tumor size, gross type, histologic subtype, Lauren classification, lymphovascular invasion, or overall survival. Conclusions: Loss of FAT4 expression appears to be associated with invasiveness in gastric cancer.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2003

Animals possess a highly sophisticated mechanism of storing energy in adipose tissue inside their bodies. However, in humans it has been clarified that adipocyte (fat cell), which composes the body fat (adipose) tissues, development and the extent of subsequent fat accumulation are closely associated with the occurrence and advancement of various common diseases (e.g., type-2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and hypertension) resulting from obesity. Recent exciting progress in clinical and biochemical studies of adipocytes has rapidly clarified the functions of adipocytes and adipose tissue. Interesting findings are the function of white adipocytes as "secreting cells" and the molecular mechanism undelying adipocyte differentiation at the transcriptional level in relation to nuclear receptors. Consequently, the adipose tissue is being targeted for the prevention or treatment of many common diseases. In this review, I will focus on recent information on characteristics of adipocytes and the relationship between obesity and common obesity-related diseases. diseases.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.513-518
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• 1991

Evidence from recent studies in several laboratories indicates a relationship between type or level of fat in the diet and occurance of tumor at specific sites. The essential fatty acids in fat and degree of their unsaturation are important to determine the influence of a dietary fats on carcinogenesis. Alteration of dietary fat can also change carcinogenesis of cell in several tissues. Dietary fats appear to be important in both initiation and promotion stages of carcinogenesis. Several possible mechanisms have been investigated how dietary fat could affect to carcinogenesis at cellular level. One potential mechanism of dietary fat on carcinogenesis is through modulation of protein kinase C activity in the cell.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.364-365
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• 2012

Liver is the major organ to regulate the systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Excess energy intake leads to triglyceride accumulation in adipose tissue first and subsequent accumulation in liver, resulting in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The representative pathological animal model for obesity associated insulin resistance is a high fat diet (HFD) fed mice model. Given the essential role of liver fat accumulation in developing systemic insulin resistance in obesity, I measured the liver triglyceride contents in HFD fed mice as a function of time. As such, in this report, I show the cause and effect relationship with regard to time during a HFD feeding between a variety of factors that are related to systemic insulin resistance including glucose intolerance, plasma insulin level and inflammatory gene expression in liver and adipose tissue.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to classify female students' somatotypes, to investigate the relationship between five somatotypes obtained from anthropometric measurements and to examine the relationship between the spinal deformity and somatotypes. The subjects for anthropometric measurements were 844 female middle and high school students. The data were analyzed by cluster analysis, correspondence analysis, Duncan test, and T-test. The results were as follows. Cluster analysis on the factors extracted from directly measured items classified subjects into five types (middle height and a little slim type (39.6%), low height and a little slim type (13.1%), middle height and a little fat type (18.0%), tall and very fat type (7.7%), and very tall and standard type (21.6%). In examining the relationship between the normal people and those of the spinal deformity, the normal showed higher mean value in almost all the items of the girth, the depth, and the length. High school students had more spinal deformity in number than middle school students. The degree of deformity was higher in the right spinal deformity than in the left spinal deformity as the age increased. In terms of the distribution of the spinal deformity classified by the somatotype, Type 1 (middle height and a little slim type) and Type 5 (very tall and standard type) appeared the highest.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2004

The anthropometric measurement and the photometric measurement for have been conducted 358 children from 4 years old to 6 years old to design children's clothing. The characteristics of body type were grasped among total 44 measurement items according to the aging, being extracted seven factors from factor analysis. From cluster analysis among the seven factors the three body types were classified. Type 1 shows low fat body with a small figure and short upper body. The body has a round belly and waist. Type 2 shows the fattest body with an average height. The body has been backed with lower shoulders. Type 3 shows common fat body with a high height and a big figure. The body shows crooked round back with a big upper body and rising shoulders.