• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1410-1420
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze characteristics of effective expression on T-shirts pattern by peirce's semiotic theory. The methods of this study was to analyze 721 T-shirts patterns in designer's collection from 2000 to 2004. The results of this study were as follows: First of all, iconic expression showed high frequency after 2000. Characteristics of effective expression were as follows: In geometric expression, repetition was presented as a symbolic sign by regular proportion and rule of dot, line, plane, irregularity, mixture of irregular dot, line, plane. Mixed expression was presented as a iconic and symbolic sign by collage, mixture of dot, line, plane, icon and letter. In iconic expression, simplification of iconic sigrl was presented as a iconic sign by simplification of form, color, texture, realistic expression using digital as a iconic sign, and symbolic face, body as a symbolic sign. Pop art's expression was presented as a iconic sign by a cartoon and commercial character and illusion was presented as a iconic sign. In letter's expression, brand logo was presented as a symbolic sign by transformation of letter's design, a symbolic sign of numeral by transformation of size, thickness, form, color. Symbolic message phrase was presented by slogan, fashion trend, brand image, descriptive indication message as a index sign by using icon or singleness. In conclusion, characteristics of effective expression on T-shirts pattern will present not only the theoretical foundation to raise the value added, but also the information about beauty sense of times, political and social value.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.9
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• pp.3-9
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• 1996

When a certain particular department store is chosen by customers due to the good image, the department store will have provided for the conditions that it can precede in competition with other department stores. Based upon it, a survey was made of preference for the department store interior design image component. In order to make the department store image better based upon this study results, the designer should remember that department store is possessed of display and circultation planinorder to give consume the good image. And , as a result of analyzing customers' preference for the details of the interior design image component, the area, primary components of the department store space, should take on specialization , though narrow. The circulation should constitute the free flow system. The ornamental illumination should be emphasized for the secondary component of the department store space. The color planing should be made that is oriented to seasonality and products. The floor should finished with wood. The department store interior should be decorated in a modern and simple form. The display of the department store should be made in a fashion that it takes on seasonality and artistry. These measures can be said to be the desirable method to provide a good image for women customers paying a visit to the department store.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.9
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• pp.9-9
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• 1996

When a certain particular department store is chosen by customers due to the good image, the department store will have provided for the conditions that it can precede in competition with other department stores. Based upon it, a survey was made of preference for the department store interior design image component. In order to make the department store image better based upon this study results, the designer should remember that department store is possessed of display and circultation planinorder to give consume the good image. And , as a result of analyzing customers' preference for the details of the interior design image component, the area, primary components of the department store space, should take on specialization , though narrow. The circulation should constitute the free flow system. The ornamental illumination should be emphasized for the secondary component of the department store space. The color planing should be made that is oriented to seasonality and products. The floor should finished with wood. The department store interior should be decorated in a modern and simple form. The display of the department store should be made in a fashion that it takes on seasonality and artistry. These measures can be said to be the desirable method to provide a good image for women customers paying a visit to the department store.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.12 s.148
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• pp.1582-1594
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to rediscover the value of form in fashion design by developing a new perspective of design appreciation. By examining and modifying the theories of Wolfflin and Belong, this paper tries to of for a new perspective for analyzing the characteristics of form in fashion designers' works. The three new perspective, Flat & Rounded, Closed & Opened and Part & Whole, can be used to analyze the formative aesthetic character of Vionnet's and Dior's works. Ten of Vionnet's and eleven of Dior's representative works selected and applied Delong's visual priority diagram to analyze their character. Vionnet and Dior, emphasized form and construction in their design and applied geometric shapes in their works. The main differences between Vionnet and Dior is that Vionnet's work transforms from geometric shapes in 2-dimentional space to drapery shapes in 3-dimensional space, Dior's work displays geometric shapes in 3-dimensional space. Vionnet created new formative art through the relationship between the clothes and human body. Vionnet's work has distinctively different qualities depending on whether the space is 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional showing transposition of form. In 2-dimensional space, Vionnet's works consist of triangles, rectangles and circles which are 'flat' and 'closed' in quality. These transform to solid forms by draping bias fabrics, which have a 'rounded' and 'open' quality. Dior tended to show artificial form rather than the natural lines of the body which is very different with Vionnet. Dior created clothes by using solid geometric form such as spheres, prisms, cylinders, pyramids and cubes in 3-dimensional space, which were visualized through constructive technique such as dart manipulation, boning, gathering, tucking, pleating, shirring and layering. Dior's works have their own form which does not relate with body shape. So his Works have a 'rounded' and 'closed' quality.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.113-124
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to provide for the basic data useful to designing a scientific and systematic merchandising program for infants' wear brands. For this purpose, designer and MD working for 8 local infants' wear brands were surveyed to analyze the conditions of their designing and merchandising of infants' wears. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. Only 3 brands employed MD for their merchandising departments. The average number of clothing designers employed by the subject brands was 3-5, while that of colorists was 1-2, and that of accessory designers was 2-3. On the other hand, the average number of patternmakers employed was about 1, while that of sewer was 4. 2. Many of the sample infants' wear brands tended to collect and analyze the information for merchandising, while most of them relied less on outside planned data. The information source upon which they relied most was 'local and foreign fashion magazine', followed by 'data surveyed by local and foreign department stores' and 'data surveyed for local fabric markets' in their order. Meanwhile, the main color represented 70-90% of the total colors, while the pastel groups accounted for 30-40% and vivid color groups for 40-50%. On the other hand, knit accounted for about 60% of their materials, while woven and sweater accounted for 30% and 10%, respectively. 3. In overall terms, most of brands felt that their brands were preferred as much as or less than their competitive brands, while consumers felt expensive for infants' wears. Namely, most consumers were dissatisfied with the price levels of infants' wears. On the other hand, consumers were found to favor the pastel color groups a little more, while being aware of each brand's sizes more or less precisely. 4. The medium upon which the infants' wear brands depended most for their advertisement was 'magazine', followed by 'radio' and 'catalogue' in their order. Most of them were analyzing the results of their sale turnover monthly or frequently in order to review their sales performances in comparison with their competitors. Most of brands bothered to program a sale strategy 4 times a year, primarily to dispose the stocks or find a breakthrough for their sales activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.746-762
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• 2016

This study considers expression techniques and aesthetic values in the images of head dress reflected in a natural motif. The conclusions of the study are as follows. The first type is the realistic expression (52.4%) such as the reproduction of a natural object's essential form (27.0%), the partial derivation of the natural object (19.3%), and the planarization for the actual image of the natural object (6.1%). The second type is a metaphorical expression (39.0%) which emphasizes the morphological characteristics of nature (18.2%), the structuration of the natural object's silhouette into a three-dimensional or two-dimensional form (11.5%), and the abstract expression of the form in the natural object (9.3%). The third type is a hybrid expression (8.6%) that is a compromise between practical (or metaphorical expressions) so that expression techniques represent a compromise between the natural object's essential form and abstract expression (4.6%) or the combination of the natural object's silhouette into a three-dimensional or a two-dimensional visualization (4.0%). Aesthetic head dress values reflected in the natural motif first indicate a primitive value. This state of natural instinct recreates the natural object or combines part of the biological elements of the natural object to create an inducement to escape from the practical world. The second is amusement in the expression of animals in dynamic and humorous forms creates an illusion of animals being alive with a representative playful enjoyment. The third is abstraction that grant freedom in the observer's aesthetic rational through a reinterpretation of the fashion designer. The fourth is eclecticism where a compromise represents an act of mixing a variety of independent factors to create harmony with the imagery of nature created through the grafting of diverse expression techniques that break away from stereotypes of existing natural objects to create a type of nature that cultivates new values.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.167-174
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• 2005

This study is to objectively support the emotional and intuitional decision making of the designer by means of developing the supporting models and tools of color coordination. Based on the color grouping system and representative vocabularies suggested in the precedent 'Study on the Grouping System of Fabric Color,' this study suggested the manufacture of the supporting model of color coordination that could be used practically through the design of coloring group. The results of this study can be summarized as below. Firstly, 687 colors in total have been collected from the four world famous collections, the street fashion of 2002 F/W 2003 S/S Season and the representative brands in each group for five years from 1999 to 2003 in order to single out the basic colors for the purpose of composing the color groups. Secondly, 687 collected colors have been grouped into 144 colors in total through the three-step process for the extraction of coloring groups. Thirdly, the final extracted colors have been divided into , , , group by the grouping system specified in the precedent study and the said four large groups have been again subdivided into 12 small groups. Fourthly, the suggested colors in each group have established a color coordination system by introducing the concept of the crossover coordination that could be matched with other groups as well as the coordination within the group. Fifthly, we have dyed 144 colors in total that have consisted of the coloring system of four representative groups (twelve subgroups) in each methodical tone as in the above in cotton yarn, one of the representative materials in fabric fashion design industry. Besides, we have specified the symbol of the Pantone Color Book and CMYK values in each color that has consisted of the system considering the industrial characteristics of fashion as a global business and the compatibility with the related design industry. Sixthly, we have packed the completed yam made of fabrics in the designed container for the easy use of cross-coordination and have completed a color coordination system that could be easily utilized for the fashion-related working-level staffs.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2010

Today, the fashion market challenged by a maturing retail market needs a new paradigm in the "evolution of brand" to improve their comparative advantages. An important issue in fashion marketing is lifestyle brand extension with a specific aim to meet consumers' specific needs for their changing lifestyle. For fashion brand extensions into lifestyle product categories, Gen Y and Baby Boomer are emerging as "prospects"-Baby Boomers who are renovating their lifestyle, and generation Y experiencing changes in their life stage-with demands for buying new products. Therefore, it is imperative that apparel companies pay special attention to the consumer cohort for brand extension to create and manage their brand equity in a new product category. The purposes of this study are to (a) evaluate brand equity between parent and extension brands; (b) identify consumers' perceived marketing elements for brand extension; and (c) estimate a structural equation model for examining causative relationship between marketing elements and brand equity for brand extensions in lifestyle product category including home fashion items for the selected two groups (e.g., Gen Y, and Baby boomer). For theoretical frameworks, this study focused on the traditional marketing 4P's mix to identify what marketing element is more importantly related to brand extension equity for this study. It is assumed that comparable marketing capability can be critical to establish "brand extension equity", leads to successfully entering the new categories. Drawing from the relevant literature, this study developed research hypotheses incorporating brand equity factors and marketing elements by focusing on the selected consumers (e.g., Gen Y, Baby Boomer). In the context of brand extension in the lifestyle products, constructs of brand equity consist of brand awareness/association, brand perceptions (e.g., perceived quality, emotional value) and brand resonance adapted from CBBE factors (Keller, 2001). It is postulated that the marketing elements create brand extension equity in terms of brand awareness/association, brand perceptions by the brand extension into lifestyle products, which in turn influence brand resonance. For data collection, the sample was comprised of Korean female consumers in Gen Y and Baby Boomer consumer categories who have a high demand for lifestyle products due to changing their lifecycles. A total of 651 usable questionnaires were obtained from female consumers of Gen Y (n=326) and Baby Boomer (n=325) in South Korea. Structural and measurement models using a correlation matrix was estimated using LISREL 8.8. Findings indicated that perceived marketing elements for brand extension consisted of three factors: price/store image, product, and advertising. In the model of Gen Y consumers, price/store image had a positive effect on brand equity factors (e.g., brand awareness/association, perceived quality), while product had positive effect on emotional value in the brand extensions; and the brand awareness/association was likely to increase the perceived quality and emotional value, leading to brand resonance for brand extensions in the lifestyle products. In the model of Baby Boomer consumers, price/store image had a positive effect on perceived quality, which created brand resonance of brand extension; and product had a positive effect on perceived quality and emotional value, which leads to brand resonance for brand extension in the lifestyle products. However, advertising was negatively related to brand equity for both groups. This study provides an insight for fashion marketers in developing a successful brand extension strategy, leading to a sustainable competitive advantage. This study complements and extends prior works in the brand extension through critical factors of marketing efforts that affect brand extension success. Findings support a synergy effect on leveraging of fashion brand extensions (Aaker and Keller, 1990; Tauber, 1988; Shine et al., 2007; Pitta and Katsanis, 1995) in conjunction with marketing actions for entering into the new product category. Thus, it is recommended that marketers targeting both Gen Y and Baby Boomer can reduce marketing cost for entering the new product category (e.g., home furnishings) by standardized marketing efforts; fashion marketers can (a) offer extension lines with premium ranges of price; (b) place an emphasis on upscale features of store image positioning by a retail channel (e.g., specialty department store) in Korea, and (c) combine apparel with lifestyle product assortments including innovative style and designer’s limited editions. With respect to brand equity, a key to successful brand extension is consumers’ brand awareness or association that ensures brand identity with new product category. It is imperative for marketers to have knowledge of what contributes to more concrete associations in a market entry into new product categories. For fashion brands, a second key of brand extension can be a "luxury" lifestyle approach into new product categories, in that higher price or store image had impact on perceived quality that established brand resonance. More importantly, this study increases the theoretical understanding of brand extension and suggests directions for marketers as they establish marketing program at Gen Y and Baby Boomers.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.165-178
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• 1999

Knitwears it was only for the innerwear, but which has become more available for sportswear and highly valuable formal-dresses for women's apparel and is set a trend toward high value-added products worldwide. Also the industry connected knitwears is more widely applicative than woven industry and is running on the well founded basement for the small enterprises. This study notes that what problems are caused and which utilities can be expected when we design knitwears by Primavision and Texpia CAD system considered the programs for development of domestic knitwears industry. There are much various benefits for designing knitwears from CAD system as shortening working hours, convenience, accuracy, quality control and productivity. It doesn't depend on designer's technique, sense and experiences, but provides, through building the design accuracy, chance to have a precise communication with buyers to be satisfied with the multiplicity, uniqueness and high-quality resulting from reducing the mistake on the operation. But there are some problems for using CAD design system those are no selections for the form, type and thickness of the yarn. Even though it is knitted by the same gauge, the texture conditions show complete difference if the form and thickness is different with. The gauge control without regarding those ought to be improved and the yarn designing function should be appended like in a tektite design. And the CAD design system can not reflect the variables of operating knitting machine and needle. The CAD design system provides the manufacturers with merits those they can change the colors easily to select which one appeals to the customer and check the effects of producing and modeling on monitor. But, in the each producing progress, there are still problems to reduce the practical steps, so intensive care is required of each part.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.187-198
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to find some directions for students' future and Home Economics Education. Juniors and Seniors majoring in Home Economics were selected from 4 Universities in Chungbuk Province and the questionnare survey was used. The results of this study are as follows : 1. Most of respondents were defined the H.E. as the academic subject, and 50.2% of them regarded H.E. as a necessary subject regardless of whether it is their major or not. 2. Though the most general motives of choosing H.E. as their major were recommendation of their parents/neighbors or their school record, they are satisfied with their major. 3. The strongest reason majoring in H.E. was that it is helpful to living, and some students didn't show any interest because H.E. was not considered as a realistic study. 4. Many respondents answered that male students have to learn H.E., and thought that H.E. Education is much influential to one's living. 5. 59.6% of respondents replied that cultural studies related to H.E. are opened at the universities, and 90.6% of them thought subjects related to H.E. should be opened as cultural studies. 6. After graduation, 48.3% of respondents will choose their jobs related to their major, and they prefer to be a teacher, a dietition and a fashion designer in its order. 7. 44.3% of respondents thought that H.E. is neglected and 50.7% of them answered that the research by industrial-educational cooperation is necessary. 8. Many students majoring in H.E. took an optimistic view about H.E.'s future as a study.