• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.323-329
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between clothing involvement and fashion leadership of fashion models and college women. For this study, 113 fashion models and 265 female college students were analyzed. Factor analysis, Correlation, t-test and Regression analysis were used in data analyses. Clothing involvement was factor analyzed resulting five factors such as interest, pleasure, fashionability, risk perception and symbolism. Three clothing involvement factors had highly positive relations with total clothing involvement. Interest, pleasure and fashionability factors were related with each other: Fashionability and interest factors had an effect on fashion opinion-leadership and fashion innovation. Significant differences were found between fashion models and female college students in regard to clothing involvement and fashion leadership. Fashion models and female college students differed significantly in clothing interest and fashionability. Fashion models and female college students differed significantly in fashion opinion-leadership and fashion innovation. Fashion models were more fashion opinion leaders and fashion innovators than female college students.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate if there were any differences between fashion models and female college students' body cathexis and to examine the perception of their body form and satisfaction of clothing fit according to height, weight and body type. For this study 378 people, including 113 fashion models and 265 female college students were analyzed. Means, t-test and ${\chi}^2$-test were used in data analyses. Significant differences were found between fashion models and female college students' body cathexis. For instance fashion models were more positive about their bodies especially concerning height. Fashion Models and female college students differed significantly in perception of their body form according to weight and body type. Perhaps they have another criteria. Fashion Models and female college students differed significantly in satisfaction of clothing fit according to weight and body type. The taller and Thinner, The higher satisfaction of Clothing fit.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.139-154
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• 2002

This study selects mannequins. fashion models. and fashion photographs as communication media to express the beauty of an ideal body. Each medium is discussed by the denotative and connotative aspects through the semiology. First, the mannequins are the most concrete medium which can form women's ideal body types and reproduce images in which the idealistic human body are coded in various figures. It embodies such various figures of the modem society by being replaced with the symbolic representation of our intrinsic·extrinsic forms. From a denotative view, the mannequins can be explained by ideal body types and expressive tools. The mannequin has implied connotative meanings of the similarity and dissimilarity between the actual body and itself. Second, fashion models have played a role in transmitting fashion images and presenting the ideal body. As fashion has adopted the body as its object fashion models have been used to express an ideal body. The development of the mass media in the 20th century has defined the standard of the beauty, Both the relationship between fashion designers and fashion models. and the standardization of beauty and fashion models are reviewed from a denotative view. Fashion models imply connotative meanings of the figurative and the controlled property. Third, fashion photographs are historical documents presenting us with the evidence of the ideal body types and culture throughout time. The photographs could be adopted as proper means to express fashion. having realistic and practical expressional functions, and it can be said that the realistic and practical expressional function of photographs has served as a suitable means for express fashion, and fashion photographs are discussed. The fashion photograph has the reproducible and the symbolic property.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.288-299
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• 2019

This study examined trends in model perceptions in the Asian fashion industry through a survey on the current status of using models, model attributes, and image recognition for companies and brands participating in the Seoul Fashion Week and Hong Kong Fashion Week. The results of the study are as follows. First, an examination of the races of models used for public relations by clothing and accessory companies indicated that the use of Asian and black models was lower than white models. Second, intimacy, reliability, similarity, and professionalism were derived as attributes for a public relation model. Among these factors, only 'intimacy' showed a difference between the countries. Third, Seoul Fashion Week participants gave the highest marks for the strong individuality of the models used for their brands; however, participants in the Hong Kong Fashion Week most appreciated suitability with products and professional appearance. Fourth, the different trends of model image recognition were shown through various analysis results by country or race, in which Seoul Fashion Week participants highly perceived the global and luxurious image of white models, and were generally highly satisfied with the models. In terms of the Hong Kong Fashion Week, Asian models tended to be perceived as a more casual image, and the participants held contributions to brand recognition as the most significant factor when using Asian models.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.554-564
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• 2013

This study identified the characteristic and meaning of flow experience through the experiences related to fashion models' role performance; subsequently, the following findings were obtained. First, fashion models' flow experience could be divided into characteristics such as temporality, spatiality, relationality, physicalness and pleasure. Second, the process of this flow experience ultimately led to the complete moment. The complete moment can be said to be the aesthetic experience that provides both the meaningful experience and the aesthetic pleasure; it is the experiential knowledge at the dimension of mysterious integration that their body and mind are integrated into one. The beauty that fashion models exercise at the aspect of this aesthetic experience is that of performance and is an individual physical movement where they perceive their role and exercise their inner ability to express their costume most beautifully. Accordingly, the beauty of performance can be said to mean that the fashion show was successfully held by inducing both the performer and the audience into an aesthetic response. The process of specialized planning and preparation is required for fashion models to exercise the beauty of performance at the complete movement reached through flow experience and a successful fashion show. Diverse elements of the fashion show should be more organically constituted through such a process. Fashion models should exert efforts to embody acts such as walking, posing and turning through the performance of their excellent role as well as develop a training program to complete it.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2018

In this study, an eye-tracking program that can confirm a design cognition process was developed for the purpose of presenting strategic methods to create fashion images, and the program was used to identify what effects fashion models' external characteristics have on the cognition of design. The data for analysis were collected through an eyemovement tracking experiment and a survey, with the focus on the research problem that differences in models' external uniformity will lead to differences in the eye movement for perceiving models and design as well as the image sensibility. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, it was confirmed that the uniformity of model types and the simplicity/complexity of design led to differences in the eye movement directed at design and models and the gaze ratio. Consequently, it is deemed that models should be selected in consideration of the characteristics of design and the intention of planning when creating fashion images. Second, it was found that in terms of the cognition of design, external conditions of models affect design sensibility. A change in models led to a subtle difference in sensibility cognition even when the design condition did not change. Thus, not only the design but also model attributes are factors that should be considered important in fashion planning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.36-45
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• 2012

This study locates factors that affect the intention to use fashion SNS (social network service) and intention for word-of-mouth on fashion SNS. Independent variables were fashion shopping orientation, attitude toward innovative products, fashion leadership, and demographics. A questionnaire method was used to collect data on college students while factor analyses, multiple regression, $x^2$ analyses, and Pearson correlation coefficients were applied in analyzing data. Factor analyses resulted in four factors for fashion shopping orientation, three on attitude toward innovative products and two on fashion leadership. Multiple regression analyses showed that information compatibility of attitude toward innovative products had a significant impact on two models of intention to use fashion SNS and two models of intention for word-of-mouth on fashion SNS. Opinion leadership and gender were significant factors for two models of intention to use fashion SNS, which means that women are likely to have more intention to use fashion SNS. Meanwhile, fashion innovativeness was found to be a significant factor on two models of intention for word-of-mouth on fashion SNS. Shopping orientation factors were not important for any model. $x^2$ analyses showed that women rather than men wanted more information on online fashion shows, general fashion information, and user participation programs. Fashion major students wanted more information on online fashion shows and user participation programs than non-fashion major students.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.718-730
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• 2015

This study investigated the correlation between the level of consistency in fashion show models' appearance and design concept through a statistical and qualitative analysis of the S/S Paris Collection 2014. The following conclusions have been drawn in this study. First, the percentage of models of color was very low in regards to the physical appearance of models; in addition, there was a higher percentage of Caucasian models for collections with a high level of consistency in models' physical appearance. Collections with a high percentage of models of color indicate more casual design concepts and the promotion of diversity in racial background is considered more effective for street fashion. Second, collections with a high level of consistency in models' physical appearance tend to control various elements that constitute a physical appearance through more detailed planning and stage direction. Third, there is a tendency to reinforce design concepts by creating a consistency in the overall physical appearance of models. This affirms that their physical appearance is determined by brand (i.e. designer) and is used to maximize a design concept delivery. The results of this study suggests that the physical appearance of models must be determined in line with the design concept versus detailed planning that must consider audience perspectives as well as adjust the show's length and the interval between each model appearing on the stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.10
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• pp.87-98
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• 2007

The development of mass media in the $20^{th}$ century has resulted in the rapid growth of the fashion industry. Fashion magazines like are performing the function of spreading new styles in addition to simple provision of fashion trend information. Therefore, the present study tracked the trend of changes in the cover models of USA during the last 10 years $(1997{\sim}2006)$, and examined qualitative and quantitative changes in the contents of USA for the last 20 years. According to the results, $50{\sim}75%$ of cover models were super models during the period from 1997 to 2006, but the percentages of fashion models and celebrities became similar to each other in 2001, and from 2002 to 2006 celebrities occupied around $75{\sim}92%$ of cover models. When the contents of USA were analyzed by category, columns that showed strength in 1986 but decreased gradually until 2006 were style suggestions(p<.001), fashion shooting on the theme of TPO and items(p<.05). Fashion columns that showed weakness in 1986 but increased through the 1990s and until 2006 were celebrity style(p<.05), item introductions(p<.001), shopping information(p<.001), designer interviews(p<.05) and fashion shooting on the theme of mood and celebrity(p<.05). These results suggested that the function of USA as a fashion magazine was mainly the provision of information on how to wear the new styles in 1986, but nowadays the contents have changed to information on what to buy. In addition, the results show that contents using highly popular celebrity increased rapidly in the 2000s.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.3
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• pp.147-161
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• 2016

This study analyzed the effects of job style on job satisfaction and turnover intention of fashion models, and the difference in the job style, job satisfaction and turnover intention by model activities period. Data was collected by surveying fashion models with more than 10 modeling experiences, and 230 responses were used in the data analysis. The results of were as follows: First, the job style of fashion models were classified into professional ability type, social relationship-focused type, future-oriented type and body-boasting type. Job satisfaction was classified into satisfaction with working conditions, satisfaction with model activities, and satisfaction with relationships. Turnover intention was classified into intention to change jobs, and intention to quit modeling. Second, being a professional ability type had a negative effect on satisfaction with working conditions, whereas being a future-oriented type had a positive effect on it. The professional ability type and social relationship-focused type had a positive effect on satisfaction with model activities, and the social relationship-focused type had a positive effect on satisfaction with relationships. Third, the future-oriented type and body-boasting type had a negative effect on the intention to change jobs. The social relationship-focused type, future-oriented type and body-boasting type had a negative effect on the intention to quit modeling. Fourth, there were significant differences in the professional ability type, human relationship-focused type, body-boasting type, intention to change jobs and intention to quit modeling by model activities period. Therefore, it is necessary for domestic fashion models to have the appropriate attitude to develop features and competency required for modeling projects and if improvements are made to enhance job satisfaction of fashion models, the fashion modeling industry is expected to make further developments.