• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.243-246
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• 2005

The addition of seaweed extracts was found to regulate the viability of cultures of the crustose coralline alga Lithophyllum yessoense. The viability was quantitated using a triphenyltetrazolium chloride assay, and the methanol-soluble extracts from 18 prevalent seaweed species were tested. Extracts from Codium fragile and Enteromorpha linza inhibited viability, and a Hizikia fusiform is extract slightly increased viability. The methanol extract of C. fragile, which had the strongest inhibitory activity, decreased viability to 72 or $52\%$ that of the control following addition of 0.2 or 2 mg/mL of extract to the culture, respectively. The main active compound in the C. fragile was lipid. This information is a preliminary result related to the exploration of seaweed restoration in the algal whitening area.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2006

We developed and evaluated a method of short-term acute toxicity testing based on the feeding behavior of Ceriodaphnia dubia. In prior toxicity tests, neonates of C. dubia were hatched and cultivated with the addition of yeast only for the preparation of the transparent daphnid's gut. Scenedesmus subspicatus was supplied as food after 1 to 6 h of exposure to toxicants. The effects of 1-h and 6-h exposure time on test sensitivity did not significantly differ. A comparison of the short-term l-h acute toxicity test developed in this study to the standard 48-h acute toxicity test using heavy metals, cyanide, and pentachlorophenol indicated that the 1-h test provided an acceptable sensitivity level in toxicity testing of C. dubia..

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2012

The amount of fluoride removed from Antarctic krill via organic acid extraction depends on the extraction time, concentration, extraction volume, and the nature of the acid itself. The fluoride content in Euphausia superba was determined by measuring the concentration of fluoride ion in acidic extracts using an ion-selective electrode. The best results were obtained by adding 50 mL of 0.01 M citric acid to 0.3-0.5 g of krill and extracting for 5 min. Under these conditions, recoveries of fluoride from frozen whole krill and krill meat were 95.6-99.5% and 97.5-101.3%, respectively. The dry basis fluoride contents of krill by-product, krill meat and the boiled krill were 705, 298, and 575 ppm, respectively. These levels were significantly reduced by citric acid extraction.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2012

Ground seawater in the east area of the volcanic Jeju Island contains abundant minerals. We investigated the metabolic activity of electrodialyzed, desalted ground seawater (EDSW) from Jeju in both cultured cells and animals. The addition of EDSW to the culture medium (up to 20%, v/v) reduced the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and increased MTT activity in CHO-IR cells. EDSW (10%) promoted insulin-induced glucose consumption in L6 muscle cells as well as the activities of the liver ethanol-metabolizing enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Moreover, EDSW suppressed palmitate-induced intracellular fat accumulation in human hepatoma $HepG_2$ cells. Activities of AMP-stimulated protein kinase and acetyl CoA carboxylase, enzymes that modulate fat metabolism, were altered by EDSW in $HepG_2$ cells toward the suppression of intracellular lipid accumulation. EDSW also suppressed hepatic fat accumulation induced by a high-fat diet in mice. Taken together, EDSW showed beneficial metabolic effects, including the enhancement of ethanol metabolism and insulin-induced glucose consumption, and the suppression of intrahepatic fat accumulation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2013

This study was to investigated the effects of the bee venom on inhibition of cell growth via upregulation of death receptor expression in the A549 human lung cancer cells. Bee venom(1-5 ${\mu}g$/ml) inhibited the growth of A549 lung cancer cells by the induction of apoptotic cell death in a dose dependent manner. Consistent with apoptotic cell death, expression of TNFR1, Fas, death receptors(DR) 3, 4 and 6 was increased in the cells. Expression of DR downstream pro-apoptotic proteins including caspase-3, -9 and Bax was concomitantly increased, but the expression of Bcl-2, NF-${\kappa}B$ were inhibited by treatment with bee venom in A549 cells. Moreover, deletion of DR3, DR4 by small interfering RNA significantly reversed bee venom-induced cell growth inhibitory effect, whereas Apo3L strengthened anti-proliferative effect of bee venom through enhancement of DR3 expression. These results suggest that bee venom should exert anti-tumor effect through induction of apoptotic cell death in lung cancer cells via enhancement of death receptor expression, and that bee venom could be a promising agent for preventing and treating lung cancer.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.381-388
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• 2000

Using a murine T cell hybridoma, activation-induced cell death (AICD) was studied. As an in vitro model system for the AICD, 1 cell hybridoma expressing TCR/CD3 complex was incubated onto the immobilized purified anti-CD3 antibody. The immobilized anti-CD3 antibody induced AICD effectively up to 40%. At 1-100 $\mu$M range of SNP, an exogenous source of nitric oxide (NO), the cell proliferation was not affected, but at 1 mM SNP, cell proliferation was significantly reduced. The AICD of T cell hybridoma was inhibited by exogenous NO at non-cytotoxic concentration, In the cells undergoing AICD, the expressions of caspase-3 and FasL were detected, but not iNOS. Similar result was recognized in the apoptosis induced by dexamethasone, an apoptosis-inducing agent. However, the conversion from the inactive form of caspase-3 (32 kDa) to the active form (17 kDa) was significantly reduced in the cells in AICD induced by anti-CD3 antibody, With the result of increased PARP cleavage in the cells, we propose that another PARP cleavage pathway not involving caspase-3 may function in the anti-CD3 antibody induced AICD in the T cell hybridoma.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.400-405
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• 2021

In this study, the relationship between the growth of abalone and the presence of epibionts was investigated in abalone cultured in Goheung, Jeollanam-do, where there are severe problems high water temperatures and attachment. The experiment was conducted for eight months (May-December 2020), and 40 abalone were collected every month. Water temperature was at its highest at a range of 13.5℃-26.6℃ and dissolved oxygen levels were at their lowest at a range of 4.0-10.2 ㎍/L in August. The shell height (mm) of abalone grew to 117.7% (81.8 ± 1.9 mm) in cultures where epibionts were removed (ER) and 111% (77.4 ± 3.3 mm) where they were not (non-epibionts, NER). Their total weight (TW) and body weight increased significantly and steadily with ER, whereas the TW increased sharply after August with NER. In the condition index, no significant difference was observed between ER and NER. The monthly proportion of epibionts increased significantly in July, accounting for the value of 69.9% reached in December.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2022

Seahorses, which have been cultivated since the 2000s, are economically very important. Gas bubble disease (GBD) is a significant concern in the cultivation of seahorses; therefore, this study aimed to determine the cause of GBD-induced death in two species of Syngnathidae (Syngnathus schlegeli and Hippocampus haema). Rod-shaped bacteria were observed histopathologically and identified as Vibrio splendidus by conventional and real-time PCR analyses. The lethality of V. splendidus varies depending on the host's immune status, and the disease can be prevented through water quality management or improvement of the breeding environment. In this study, the GBD lesions (gas bubbles) were observed at 12℃, 8.0 mg/L of dissolved oxygen, 30 ppt of salinity, and pH 7.7. In addition, rod-shaped bacteria, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and extensive serous exudate were confirmed in the lesions where gas bubbles were found. PCR analysis was able to detect V. splendidus, possibly a secondary infection of the immunocompromised syngnathid fish. Understanding the risk of immunity control and the correlation between these lesions and causal agents will be of great help to the aquaculture industry and the ornamental fish market.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2022

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT), a form of cell-based immunotherapy that eliminates cancer by restoring and strengthening the body's immune system, has revolutionized cancer treatment. ACT entails intravenous transfer of either tumor-resident or peripheral blood-modified immune cells into cancer patients to mediate anti-tumor response. Although these immune cells control and eradicate cancer via enhanced cytotoxicity against specific tumor antigens, several side effects have been frequently reported in clinical trials. Recently, exosomes, potential cell-free therapeutics, have emerged as an alternative to cell-based immunotherapies, due to their higher stability under same storage condition, lower risk of GvHD and CRS, and higher resistance to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Exosomes, which are nano-sized lipid vesicles, are secreted by living cells, including immune cells. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and the functional role of each exosome is determined by the specific cargo derived from parental cells. Exosomes derived from cytotoxic effectors including T cells and NK cells exert anti-tumor effects via proteins such as granzyme B and FasL. In this mini-review, we describe the current understanding of the ACT and immune cell-derived exosomes and discuss the limitations of ACT and the opportunities for immune cell-derived exosomes as immune therapies.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2022

In April and June 2014, mortalities of goldfish occurred at Korea. The principal signs included pale gills, severely enlarged and softened spleen and kidney and red liver. Moreover, the histopathological characteristics observed mainly in hematopoietic tissues of kidney, gill lamellae and intestine. The predominant histopathological changes were severe necrosis of hematopoietic tissue. In addition, nucleus exhibiting peripherally displaced chromatin were particularly abundant in the kidney of affected fish. The histological examination led to hypothesize the implication of a virus in the mortality. The hematopoietic necrosis herpesvirus (Cyprinid herpesvirus 2, CyHV-2) DNA polymerase gene successfully detected in DNA extracted from kidney and spleen of affected fish using PCR assay and showed 100% identity with already deposited CyHV-2 DNA polymerase gene in NCBI. Artificial infection trials using affected tissues filtrates gave cumulative mortalities of 30% for virus injected goldfish. In the present study, CyHV-2 was detected and identified as the causative pathogen of the epizootic in goldfish in Korea.