• 농촌계획
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.191-202
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• 2013

This study aims at providing the basic information required for policies on return to countryside for farming or else, through analysing the actual state of settlement and the community of people returning to rural areas. The comparative analysis of people returning toward general village and sub-urban residential complex in rural has been done to figure out the settlement environment. And the status analysis targeting the people returning to rural areas and original residents who live in general village have been done to figure out the actual state of the community. As a result, people returning toward sub-urban residential complex in rural moved for something else, while people returning toward general village in rural moved with the purpose of farming. Like this, the aims of moving into rural areas show difference. There is little conflict between people returning to rural areas and original residents, but some people have an intention to move the other place due to the conflict with original residents. So the community revitalization is needed for the active responses and suitable adaptation of them. On the basis of this study, policy tasks for return to countryside for farming or else were suggested as follows; 1) It is necessary to formulate each policy on return for farming and something else to rural areas discriminatively. 2) The economic support for a stable settlement of people returning to rural areas and the programs activating community with original residents are required. The discussion about the new community formation is needed to respond to the increase of people returning to rural areas.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2014

Purposes: This study was to validate the Robotic Smart Work System that can provides better working conditions and high productivity in unstructured environments like bio-industry, based on a tele-operation system for fruit harvesting with low cost 3-D positioning system on the laboratory level. Methods: For the Robotic Smart Work System for fruit harvesting and cultivation management in agriculture, a vision based tele-operating system and 3-D position information are key elements. This study proposed Robotic Smart Farming, an agricultural version of Robotic Smart Work System, and validated a 3-D position information system with a low cost omni camera and a laser marker system in the lab environment in order to get a vision based tele-operating system and 3-D position information. Results: The tasks like harvesting of the fixed target and cultivation management were accomplished even if there was a short time delay (30 ms ~ 100 ms). Although automatic conveyor works requiring accurate timing and positioning yield high productivity, the tele-operation with user's intuition will be more efficient in unstructured environments which require target selection and judgment. Conclusions: This system increased work efficiency and stability by considering ancillary intelligence as well as user's experience and knowhow. In addition, senior and female workers will operate the system easily because it can reduce labor and minimized user fatigue.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2014

This paper presents a case study to develop e-learning contents of agricultural safety based on the assessment of risks of 4 selected crops and stock farming: rice, potatoes, apples, tomatoes and stock raising. The aged farmers, who are main workforce of current Korean agriculture and relatively more vulnerable to various risks of agricultural work compared to younger workers, were considered as the main users of the contents in developing them. The safety guidelines were presented as simple as possible and the interfaces were designed to be simple and easy to use so that the older users can use it without much difficulty. In making the scenarios of the contents, risk assessments were carried out for each crop and stock farming with the focus being on occupational diseases rather than accidental injuries. To make the contents more attractive to the farmers, the functions requiring active responses from the users, such as answering simple questions, were included in the contents. Usability evaluation by experts of ergonomics and agricultural tasks were carried out in modifying the draft version, whereas formal usability test was not included in the case study. Though there are some limitations in the developed contents in the aspects of evaluation of usability and effectiveness, this case study shows the structured procedure of developing e-learning safety contents based on the risk assessments on agricultural tasks. The developed e-learning contents are expected to be used practically and easily in educating and training older farmers about safety and health of agricultural tasks.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2014

Even though two-hands lifting/lowering activity of manual materials handling tasks are prevalent at the industrial site, many manual materials handling tasks which require the worker to perform one-hand lifting/lowering are also very common at the industrial site, forestry, farming, and daily life. The objective of this study was to compare one-hand lowering activity to lifting activity in terms of biomechanical stress for the range of lowering heights from knuckle height to 10cm above floor level with two workload 7.5kg and 15.0kg. Eight male subjects with LMM were asked to perform lifting/lowering tasks using both a one-handed (left-hand and right-hand) as well as a two-handed technique. Spinal loading was estimated through an EMG-assisted free-dynamic biomechanical model. The biomechanical stress of one-hand lowering activity was shown to be 43% lower than that of one-hand lifting activity. It was claimed that the biomechanical stress for one-hand lifting/lowering activity is almost twice (194%) of the one for two-hands lifting/lowering activity. It was also found that biomechanical stress by one-hand lowering/lifting activity with the half workload of two-hands lowering/lifting activity was greater than that of the two-hands lowering/lifting activity. Therefore, it might be a risk to consider the RWL of one-hand lowering/lifting activity to simply be a half of the RWL of two-hands lowering/lifting activity recommended by NIOSH.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2007

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are a major problem in industries in which manual materials handling is performed by workers. To prevent these WMSDs, it is necessary to understand the muscular strength capability and use this knowledge to design job and selection and assignment of workers. Even though two-hands lifting activity of manual materials handling tasks are prevalent at the industrial site, many manual materials handling tasks which require the worker to perform one-hand lifting are also very common at the industrial site and forestry and farming. However, a few researches have been done for one-hand lifting activity of manual materials handling tasks. The objective of this study is to compare one-hand and two-hands lifting strength in terms of static and dynamic strength of the lifting activity for the ranging from the height of knuckle to elbow. It is shown in this study that the isometric lifting strength of one-hand is ranging from 54.7 to 63.3% of the one of two-hands. However, it is found that there is no significant difference between a person's isometric lifting strength for left-hand and right-hand. It is also shown that there is no significant difference between the peak force under the dynamic sub-maximal loading with one-hand and two-hands lifting activity. Similar results were obtained for the peak acceleration and peak velocity under the dynamic sub-maximal loading with one-hand and two-hands lifting activity. Isometric lifting strength at the height of knuckle was ranging from 2 to 3 times of the dynamic peak force during sub-maximal lifting. It is concluded that the dynamic peak forces under the sub-maximal loading are not highly correlated with the isometric lifting strength in similar postures.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2018

In this paper, we have developed a multi-attitude monitoring system for running farm robots for field farming. There are many agricultural robots that can select work modules for various tasks. In order to control the stable attitude of agricultural robots connected to each other, we developed a system for monitoring the roll angle and pitch angle difference by fusing the information of the attitude monitoring system mounted on the robot mainframe and the work module. The developed attitude monitoring system showed resolution below 1 degree. In this paper, roll angle difference of 20 degrees and 60 degrees is measured with a multi - attitude monitoring system.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1996

광추적표현(ray tracing rendering) 기법은 컴퓨터를 이용하여 현실감 있는 영상을 얻기 위한 음영처리 방법의 하나로 오랜 컴퓨터 처리시간을 필요로 한다. 병렬처리 기법을 적용함으로서 컴퓨터 처리시간을 효과적으로 줄일 수 있어, 본 논문에서는 광추적 기법을 위한 병렬 알고리듬을 구현하고 트랜스퓨터시스템 상에서 실험하였다. 또한 알고리듬의 확장성과 부하균형을 위하여 프로세서 farm 모델을 응용하였다. 전체의 영상을 균일한 크기로 분할하고 각각의 프로세서 farm에 분배하는 방식을 사용하였기 때문에 제안된 알고리듬에서는 병렬시스템의 확장성과 부하의 균형문제를 자연스럽게 해결하였다. 구현된 병렬 알고리듬은 가변의 일꾼을 가지는 트랜스퓨터에서 실행하였으며 효율은 9개의 프로세서를 사용하였을 때 65% 이상으로 나타났다. 가장 우수한 성능을 가지는 경우는 작업의 분할 크기가 256~1024개의 화소를 가질 때인 것으로 측정되었다. 이와 같은 높은 효율과 우수한 확장성 이외에도 트랜스퓨터시스템이 지니고 있는 가격 대 성능비의 우수성으로 인하여, 트랜스퓨터는 확장성 있는 병렬시스템으로 적합한 것을 알 수 있다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.541-550
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• 2011

Objective: The objective of this study is to present varying cases of ergonomic improvements in equipments for agricultural work. Background: In Korean agricultural sector, many older people and females, who may be more vulnerable to musculoskeletal diseases than young males, are doing high stressful tasks such as manual materials tasks, harvesting, etc. For reducing the work stress of the farmers, the Korean government has been performing support projects to provide the farmers with agricultural implements specified for their crops. In the projects, ergonomics experts have participated and helped modify the equipments. Method: Fifty cases of equipment improvements, which were carried out in 33 farming organizations cultivating 13 different crops, were reviewed and presented by equipments and their parts. Results: In total, 283 cases of improvements for 12 equipments including 4-wheel, 1-wheel, and 3-wheel powered carts, grass cutter, conveyer, pest control machine, and so on, were presented. The improvements were also classified according to the ergonomic principles like compatibility, ease of use, safety and fitting to the anthropometry, etc. Frequencies of improvements by equipment and its part were the highest in carts and controls, respectively. Principles of safety and ease of use were adopted more frequently in improving equipments than others. Conclusion: The tables of examples of improvements of agricultural implements are main results of this study and the systematical summaries are expected to be widely used in the development of more improved agricultural implements. Application: The results could be used as practical guidelines in ergonomically developing and modifying agricultural implements by both the experts and non-experts in ergonomics. The improvements would contribute to reduction of stress in farm work, which result in increasing the level of safety and health of Korean agricultural society.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2020

The agricultural tractor is a multi-purpose vehicle, which is frequently used in the agricultural field. It must be highly reliable in terms of human safety. Design and analysis of agricultural tractors must be performed using actual agricultural workload to maintain high reliability. Additionally, the frequency with which various components and systems are used must also be taken into consideration. In this study, a tractor is built to measure its workload in the actual field. Further, the measured load was analyzed for various farming tasks. The range of ratios of consumed power to engine power was measured to be 42.6%-87.2%, 75.1%-97%, 26.5%-59.2% for a plow, rotary, and harvest tasks, respectively. The results were fed into a transmission simulation model to analyze the strength and life of the transmission components. We conclude that a more reliable product can be constructed by incorporating the transmission analyses using the actual load.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 2020

This study argues that expanding the multifunctionality of agriculture (MFA) may mitigate existing agricultural problems. To do that this study redefines the concept and scope of the MFA and presents practical tasks to achieve it. Theorizing the MFA begins with the theory of sustainability and first identifies the link between sustainability and MFA. Later, considering the limitations of the existing sustainability theories, we examined where the false linkages leading to the destruction of environmental and social relations originated, and employed the (Re)productivity [(Re)produktivitat] theory in order to obtain alternatives. Research shows that welfare effects of the MFA on humans and the environment are not less than those derived from the agricultural products supplied to the real market, but the values are not recognized. The absence of proper care and compensation is the basis of agricultural problems in Korea. Therefore, this study acknowledges that the MFA is as much worthy as real agricultural production, and insists that appropriate compensation and care should be given to humans (farmers) and nature (agricultural ecosystem) in order to maintain and expand the MFA. In other words, a virtuous cycle between sustainability and the MFA means that the process spreads sustainable farming methods to expand the MFA, forms social consensus on it, and pays fair remuneration for agriculture from the public sector. Transition to such a virtuous cycle requires re-establishing the definition and scope of the MFA, implementing targeting policy, motivating policy targets, strengthening human capacity, and arranging maturity time.